On the energy functional for nonlinear stability of the classic Bénard problem

Nonlinear stability of motionless state of the classical Bénard problem in case of stress-free boundaries is studied for 2-dimensional disturbances, by the Liapunov’s second method. For Rayleigh number smaller than 27π^4 /4 the motionless state is proved to be unconditionally and exponentially stable with respect to a new Liapunov function which is essentially stronger than the kinetic energy

A study for multiscale information transfer measures based on conditional mutual information.

As the big data science develops, efficient methods are demanded for various data analysis. Granger causality provides the prime model for quantifying causal interactions. However, this theoretic model does not meet the requirement for real-world data analysis, because real-world time series are diverse whose models are usually unknown. Therefore, model-free measures such as information transfer measures are strongly desired. Here, we propose the multi-scale extension of conditional mutual information measures using MORLET wavelet, which are named the WM and WPM. The proposed measures are computational efficient and interpret information transfer by multi-scales. We use both synthetic data and real-world examples to demonstrate the efficiency of the new methods. The results of the new methods are robust and reliable. Via the simulation studies, we found the new methods outperform the wavelet extension of transfer entropy (WTE) in both computational efficiency and accuracy. The features and properties of the proposed measures are also discussed

A chemoimmunotherapy-based strategy to enhance tumor therapy by cross-linking a novel size-variable nanocluster via a bifunctional peptide

The combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy plays a synergistic role in improving the effectiveness of cancer treatment. However, it is a great challenge to deliver drugs accurately and efficiently to the target and exert synergistic effects due to multiple biological obstacles in vivo. Here, we constructed a novel size-variable three-dimensional mesh nanocluster (HA/P-A cluster) cross-linked by bifunctional peptide R14 for tumor targeted co-delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) and pPD-L1 trap. The ERP effect and the targeting effect of the outer layer of HA synergistically mediated the accumulation of nanoclusters in tumor tissues. Subsequently, R14 was broken by matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and the nanoclusters (180 nm) were cleaved into ultra-small size nanoparticles (∼10 nm), achieving deep penetration while targeting tumor cells through RGD at both ends of R14. Based on this strategy, DOX acts as an initiator to induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) while immunodrugs block the PD-L1 pathway. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that HA/P-A cluster effectively retarded tumor growth. Moreover, HA/P-A cluster treatment resulted in a significant increased CD8+ T cell infiltration in tumor tissue. In conclusion, this strategy provides a new direction for targeted co-delivery of nanoplatforms to improve chemoimmunotherapy in solid tumors

Data_Sheet_1_Characteristics of soil microbiota and organic carbon distribution in jackfruit plantation under different fertilization regimes.docx

Manure amendment to improve soil organic carbon (SOC) content is an important strategy to sustain ecosystem health and crop production. Here, we utilize an 8-year field experiment to evaluate the impacts of organic and chemical fertilizers on SOC and its labile fractions as well as soil microbial and nematode communities in different soil depths of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.). Three treatments were designed in this study, including control with no amendment (CK), organic manure (OM), and chemical fertilizer (CF). Results showed that OM significantly increased the abundance of total nematodes, bacterivores, bacteria, and fungi as well as the value of nematode channel ratio (NCR) and maturity index (MI), but decreased plant-parasites and Shannon diversity (H′). Soil microbial and nematode communities in three soil depths were significantly altered by fertilizer application. Acidobacteria and Chloroflexi dominated the bacterial communities of OM soil, while Nitrospira was more prevalent in CF treatment. Organic manure application stimulated some functional groups of the bacterial community related to the C cycle and saprotroph-symbiotroph fungi, while some groups related to the nitrogen cycle, pathotroph-saprotroph-symbiotroph and pathotroph-saprotroph fungi were predominated in CF treatment. Furthermore, OM enhanced the soil pH, contents of total soil N, P, K, and SOC components, as well as jackfruit yield. Chemical fertilizers significantly affected available N, P, and K contents. The results of network analyses show that more significant co-occurrence relationships between SOC components and nematode feeding groups were found in CK and CF treatments. In contrast, SOC components were more related to microbial communities than to nematode in OM soils. Partial least-squares-path modeling (PLS-PM) revealed that fertilization had significant effects on jackfruit yield, which was composed of positive direct (73.6%) and indirect effects (fertilization → fungal community → yield). It was found that the long-term manure application strategy improves soil quality by increasing SOM, pH, and nutrient contents, and the increased microbivorous nematodes abundance enhanced the grazing pressure on microorganisms and concurrently promoted microbial-derived SOC turnover.</p

Integration of phospholipid-complex nanocarrier assembly with endogenous N-oleoylethanolamine for efficient stroke therapy

Abstract Background Leading to more and more deaths and disabilities, stroke has become a serious threat to human health. What’s more, few effective drugs are available in clinic till now. Results In this research, we prepared a novel neuroprotective nanoformation (OEA–SPC NPs) via the combination of the nanoparticle drug delivery system with the endogenous N-oleoylethanolamine (OEA). By forming hydrogen bond between OEA and the carrier—soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC), the form of OEA was turned into amorphus state when loading to the nanoparticles, which greatly improved its bioavailability. Then the following systematic experiments revealed the efficient neuroprotective effect of OEA–SPC NPs in vivo. Compared with the MCAO group, the cerebral infarct volume was reduced by 81.1%, and the edema degree by 78.4% via the oral administration of OEA–SPC NPs. And the neurological deficit scores illustrated that the MCAO rats treated with OEA–SPC NPs exhibited significantly less neurological dysfunction. The Morris water maze test indicated that the spatial learning and memory of cerebral ischemia model rats were almost recovered to the normal level. Besides, the OEA–SPC NPs could inhibit the inflammation of reperfusion to a very slight level. Conclusions These results suggest that the OEA–SPC NPs have a great chance to be a potential anti-stroke formation for clinic application and actually bring hope to thousands of stroke patients