Physicochemical and Microbiological Stability of a New Oral Clonidine Solution for Paediatric Use

As many drugs are unavailable for paediatric use, hospital pharmacies are often required to develop suitable formulations themselves. Clonidine is commonly used in paediatrics (in severe hypertension, in opiate withdrawal syndrome, in tics and Gilles de la Tourette syndrome or in anaesthetic premedication) but no appropriate formulation has been drawn up. The aims of this work were to develop an oral solution of clonidine dedicated to children and to assess its physicochemical and microbiological stability

Acceptability curve of treatments of second recurrence of <i>Clostridium difficile</i> infection.

<p>This figure illustrates the proportion of the time each treatment was cost-effective at different willingness-to-pay thresholds. Abbreviations: FMT: fecal microbiota transplantation.</p

Base case estimates, range, and distribution for model variables.

<p>Base case estimates, range, and distribution for model variables.</p

Tornado diagram, FMT via enema versus pulsed-tapered vancomycin.

<p>Name of the variable (lower bound of the parameter—higher bound of the parameter [base case]). The ICER corresponding to the lower parameter bound is shown in black, while the ICER corresponding to the higher parameter bound is shown in grey. This figure represents the impact of the uncertainty of six parameters on the base case results. Abbreviations: CDI: <i>Clostridium difficile</i> infection; FMT: fecal microbiota transplantation; ICER: incremental cost-effectiveness ratio.</p

Base case analysis of competing strategies for the management of second recurrence of community-onset <i>Clostridium difficile</i> infection.

<p>Base case analysis of competing strategies for the management of second recurrence of community-onset <i>Clostridium difficile</i> infection.</p

Decision tree comparing 5 strategies for the treatment of second recurrence of community-onset <i>Clostridium difficile</i> infection.

<p>Note: expanded model details shown for vancomycin pulse/taper arm only. Abbreviations: CDI: <i>Clostridium difficile</i> infection; FMT: fecal microbiota transplantation.</p