Ernst Freund as Precursor of the Rational Study of Corporate Law

Gindis, David, Ernst Freund as Precursor of the Rational Study of Corporate Law (October 27, 2017). Journal of Institutional Economics, Forthcoming. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2905547, doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2905547The rise of large business corporations in the late 19th century compelled many American observers to admit that the nature of the corporation had yet to be understood. Published in this context, Ernst Freund's little-known The Legal Nature of Corporations (1897) was an original attempt to come to terms with a new legal and economic reality. But it can also be described, to paraphrase Oliver Wendell Holmes, as the earliest example of the rational study of corporate law. The paper shows that Freund had the intuitions of an institutional economist, and engaged in what today would be called comparative institutional analysis. Remarkably, his argument that the corporate form secures property against insider defection and against outsiders anticipated recent work on entity shielding and capital lock-in, and can be read as an early contribution to what today would be called the theory of the firm.Peer reviewe

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its 'Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles', which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly

Notes sur l’éducation aux États-Unis

Langlois Charles-Victor. Notes sur l’éducation aux États-Unis. In: La revue pédagogique, tome 46, Janvier-Juin 1905. pp. 301-313

Autographes nouveaux de Guillaume de Nogaret

Langlois Charles-Victor. Autographes nouveaux de Guillaume de Nogaret. In: Journal des savants. 15ᵉ année, Juillet 1917. pp. 321-327

F. M. Powicke. The Loss of Normandy (1189-1205). Studies in the history of Angevin Empire

Langlois Charles-Victor. F. M. Powicke. The Loss of Normandy (1189-1205). Studies in the history of Angevin Empire. In: Journal des savants. 12ᵉ année, Juin 1914. p. 282

Éloge funèbre de M. Henri Cordier, membre de l'Académie

Langlois Charles-Victor. Éloge funèbre de M. Henri Cordier, membre de l'Académie. In: Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 69ᵉ année, N. 2, 1925. pp. 86-90

Note de M. Berland sur la découverte d'une matrice de sceau du XIIIe siècle à Châlons

Langlois Charles-Victor. Note de M. Berland sur la découverte d'une matrice de sceau du XIIIe siècle à Châlons. In: Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 69ᵉ année, N. 4, 1925. pp. 288-290

Éloge funèbre de M. Louis Carton, correspondant de l'Académie

Langlois Charles-Victor. Éloge funèbre de M. Louis Carton, correspondant de l'Académie. In: Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 69ᵉ année, N. 1, 1925. pp. 5-8

Mémoire sur Jean Renart (partie 2)

Langlois Charles-Victor. Mémoire sur Jean Renart (partie 2). In: Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 68ᵉ année, N. 2, 1924. pp. 88-89