Allocation universelle et justice sociale

Le texte qui suit est une étude critique de la proposition d'une allocation universelle comme revenu de citoyenneté faite par Philippe Van Parijs. Cette proposition est analysée dans la perspective de la théorie de la justice de John Rawls. L'étude montre qu'une telle allocation est contraire à la justice sociale, telle que la conçoit Rawls, sur la base du fait qu'elle crée une situation sociale qui, non seulement ne se prête pas à la réalisation de la justice comme il la conçoit dans A Theory of Justice (1971), mais engendre une situation qui la rend impossible. Cette impossibilité repose sur le non-respect de la participation des individus à la production sociale qui est nécessaire selon une conception de la société comme organisation de coopération sociale et également selon la tradition contractualiste à laquelle se sont intéressés Locke, Rousseau et Kant et que Rawls reprend à son compte.The present paper is a critical study of a proposition by Philippe Van Parijs for a basic income as it would be seen in a « well ordered society » based on a theory of justice by John Rawls. The study shows that such a proposition would create a situation which would be in compatible with the circumstances in which social justice, as Rawls sees it in A Theory of Justice (1971), could be discussed or even considered. This incompatibility is due to the non-participation of individuals in society seen as an arrangement of social cooperation, by Aristotle for instance, or as a social contract arrangement of society, by philosophers such as Locke, Rousseau and Kant and recently John Rawls

Longitudinal study on ocular manifestations in a cohort of patients with Fabry disease

Purpose This study aims to assess the evolution of ocular manifestations in a cohort of Fabry patients. Methods This is a prospective observational study conducted from 2013 to 2017 (5 consecutive exams). All subjects underwent a comprehensive ocular examination including oriented case history, refraction, corneal topography, biomechanical corneal properties and pachometry assessments, aberrometry, anterior segment evaluation, double-frequency visual field (FDT), intra-ocular pressure, and ocular fundus. At baseline, 41 subjects enrolled but 9 dropped-out and 4 files were not kept for analysis (missing data). Remaining 28 subjects were classified into: Group 1 -hemizygotes (HMZ), all on enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) (N = 10); Group 2 -heterozygotes (HTZ) actively ERT-treated (N = 8), and Group 3 -HTZ not treated (N = 10). Results There is a high intra and inter-subjects variability. At baseline, prevalence of the ocular manifestations found is similar to published data: cornea verticillata (89.2%), conjunctival vessels tortuosity (85.7%), corneal haze (67.8%), retinal vessels tortuosity (64.2%), anterior cataract (39.2%) and posterior cataract (28.5%). Prevalence for new elements are found: upper lid vessels toricity (96.4%) and micro-aneurysms (42.8%). At the end, micro-aneurysms (+82%), posterior cataract (+75%) corneal haze (+21%) anterior cataract (+17%) and retinal vessels tortuosities (+4%) evolved in prevalence and severity despite the fact that 68% of the patients were on ERT. Treated heterozygotes evolved more than other groups (p>0.05). Conclusion ERT does not seem to halt the clinical evolution of several ocular manifestations. Longer observational time and objective grading systems may be required to fully confirm these findings

Alien Registration- Langis, Josephine (Westbrook, Cumberland County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/20755/thumbnail.jp

The Aest/ethics of Imagination and Deceit in Guare’s Six Degrees of Separation: A Foucauldian-Aristotelian Reading

By examining the actions of Paul Poitier in John Guare’s Six Degrees of Separation as an aesth/ethic subject, this essay explores the possibilities and challenges of integrating the aesthetic and ethical imperatives of self-formation within the limits of one’s historical and cultural situation. In Guarian terms linking art and life, how does one find the salutary balance between chaos and control: how does one give structure, or teleological purpose, to a life of random color? While the scholarship on Guare’s play readily includes discussions on race, class, and sexuality, notably lacking are rigorous ethical examinations that explore the play’s signature concerns of aesthetics and ethics embedded in the issues of race and economics. A discerning examination of Paul’s aesth/ethic pursuit within the framework of Foucauldian and Aristotelian ethics illuminates the play in unprecedented ways, at the same time offering valuable ethical insights into our own endeavors to live the good life

“THEY NEVER LEFT, THEY NEVER ARRIVED”: The Life and Work of Samia Bamieh of Palestine

Women PeaceMakers are paired with a Peace Writer to document in written form their story of living in conflict and building peace in their communities and nations. While in residence at the institute, Women PeaceMakers give presentations on their work and the situation in their home countries to the university and San Diego communities. Samia Bamieh is a founding member and respected leader of the International Women\u27s Commission for a Just and Sustainable Palestinian-Israeli Peace (IWC) and chairperson of its Palestinian Steering Committee. Bamieh, one of the experts who helped formulate the Palestinian government’s Plan of Action on gender after the United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing, China, was the director of gender policies and training in the Palestinian Directorate of Gender and Development of the Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation. She then served in the same ministry as director of U.N. and International Organizations and director general of European Affairs, and was a member of the committee assigned to draft a Palestinian constitution under Minister Nabeel Shaath. Bamieh, a mother of two, has been involved for over 30 years in promoting women’s rights and roles in politics and decision making. Her civil society activism includes being a member of Jerusalem Link, the coordinating body of two independent women’s organizations (the Jerusalem Center for Women on the Palestinian side and the Jerusalem Women’s Action Center on the Israeli side) that promote a shared set of political principles for coexistence and the resolution of the conflict. Bamieh continues to be engaged in efforts to build a civil, political society for a future Palestinian state on two interdependent fronts: the establishment of an independent democratic state with a constitution that acknowledges pluralism and non-discrimination, and the expansion and defense of achievements of Palestinian women in their political and legal struggles. In spite of having suffered from war, occupation and disappointing peace efforts, Bamieh has chosen to take paths that allow her to support and inform new ways of thinking about the conflict and how peace and communities might be restored.https://digital.sandiego.edu/ipj-research/1039/thumbnail.jp

Prevalence of asymptomatic ocular conditions in subjects with refractive-based symptoms

AbstractBackgroundThis study aims to determine the overall prevalence of ocular conditions in a population from 19 to 64 years old, presenting with refractive-based symptoms only. Results could impact clinical standard of eye care on a similar population.MethodsThis is a retrospective study on patients seen for an eye examination at the Clinique Universitaire de la Vision (CUV), between January 2007 and 2009. Files of individuals who presented with refractive symptoms were only selected and classified by file number. Then, every third file from the beginning was kept and reviewed by a reader. A second reader did the same with every third file from the end. Both readers were trained to use the same analysis grid to classify the diagnosed ocular conditions. In the case of multiple findings, the most severe condition was considered. The overall prevalence of ocular conditions was determined by calculating their occurrence divided by the number of files analyzed.ResultsA total of 860 charts were analyzed. In 26.1% of the cases an ocular condition was diagnosed. This work establishes a higher prevalence of ocular conditions compared to another study conducted in Canada in the past. This difference can be explained by a different analytical methodology and by the fact that all examinations, in this study, were made under pupillary dilation.ConclusionThe presence of ocular conditions in 26% of asymptomatic patients supports the need to assess ocular health under pupil dilation as part of any eye examination. However, further cost-to-benefit analysis is required before establishing such a recommendation

Influence of the scleral lens and fluid reservoir thicknesses on residual astigmatism

Purpose This study aims to determine if lens or tear fluid reservoir thicknesses (LT/FRT) may influence the presence of residual astigmatism and participant’s visual acuity. Methods The study was a randomized, non-dispensing, prospective study. Empirically and randomly chosen participants were fitted with 4 combinations (350 and 250 um LT fitted with 250 and 350 um FRT) of 16 mm diameter scleral lenses, designed using a corneo-scleral profiler software (sMap 3D, Visionary Optics, US). Lenses haptics were kept spherical for all lenses. They were evaluated under a slit lamp, anterior segement OCT (objective fluid reservoir and lens thicknesses), topography over lenses and aberrometry, after 30 minutes of lens wear. Spherico-cylindrical refraction and logMar acuity were also assessed. Results Study population was composed of 24 participants aged 24.2 + 4.7 years old. Baseline refractive error was -2.3 + 1.6 D with -0.48 + 0.26 D of astigmatism. In vivo (OCT) lens A was 344.1 ± 15.4 um thick, fitted with a vault of 213.6 ± 42.4 um; Lens B was 346.2 ± 12.5/327.2 ± 44.8; Lens C was 260.3 ± 17.7/214.0 ± 40.6 um and Lens D was 262.2 ±13.2/330.8 ± 52.0 respectively. All lenses were found similarly decentered inferiorly by 0.10 to 0.15 um. BCVA was −0.32 + 0.08 (A), −0.21 + 0.10 (B), −0.28 + 0.08 (C), and −0.14 + 0.10 (D), compared to −0.25 + 0.08 (A), −0.11 + 0.10 (B), −0.23 + 0.06 (C), and −0.05 + 0.12 (D) when sphere only was compensated. Residual refractive astigmatism (RA = -0.50 to -0.75D) is found significantly higher based on the FRT (F=9.560; p=0.037) and not LT(F=0.429; p=0.522). There is no correlation between RA and over-k readings (Lens A r=-0.078, p=0.773; Lens B r=−0.073, p=0.788; Lens C r=−0.345, p=0.171; Lend D r=0.019, p=0.944). Higher order aberrations, mostly vertical coma, were found clinically significant but not statistically different between lenses (A= 0.350 + 0.032; B=0.382 + 0.053, C=0.329 + 0.044 and D=0.385+ 0.062; p=0.776) Conclusion This study proves that low level of RA may be found when scleral lenses are fitted on normal corneas. Its occurrence is related to the presence of high-order aberrations and less likely to lens flexure

Improved ways to screen for patients with Fabry disease, involving optometry in a multidisciplinary approach

Purpose: Fabry disease is considered a rare disease, based on its prevalence. It is recognized, however, that there are many individuals aff ected who are unscreened. This article aims to demonstrate how optometrists can help to defi ne improved ways to screen patients aff ected by this rare metabolic disorder, in a multidisciplinary perspective. Methods: A screening model, based on continuous education for optometrists was developed. Under this model, suspect patients identifi ed by optometrists are referred to Université de Montréal's vision clinic (EOUM) for further testing and assessment. Should ocular manifestations and/or case history prove relevant to these rare diseases, a urinary test is then performed to fi nd related biomarkers. When suspicions narrow to probable Fabry disease, the subjects are referred to metabolic disorder specialists for complete DNA testing and medical follow-up of their condition. Results: Continuous education lectures were given across Quebec, reaching nearly 60% of the province’s optometrists. Sixteen months following the model's implementation, ten suspected patients were referred. Of these, two new Fabry patients were confi rmed, leading to the diagnosis of fi ve other relatives with the disease. Two additional persons, diagnosed as Fabry patients, but lost to medical follow-up for many years, were once again placed under the care of Fabry experts. To this point, because of optometric involvement, seven new patients of Fabry were diagnosed and two were brought back under experts care.  Conclusion: Continuous education lectures were given across Quebec, reaching near 60% of the province’s optometrists. Sixteen months following the model's implementation, ten suspected patients were referred. Of these, two new Fabry patients were confi rmed, leading to the diagnosis of fi ve other relatives with the disease. Two additional persons, diagnosed as Fabry patients, but lost to medical follow-up for many years, were once again placed under the care of Fabry experts. To this point, because of optometric involvement, seven new patients of Fabry were diagnosed and two were brought back under experts care

A Comparative Study on Textual Saliency of Styles from Eye Tracking, Annotations, and Language Models

There is growing interest in incorporating eye-tracking data and other implicit measures of human language processing into natural language processing (NLP) pipelines. The data from human language processing contain unique insight into human linguistic understanding that could be exploited by language models. However, many unanswered questions remain about the nature of this data and how it can best be utilized in downstream NLP tasks. In this paper, we present eyeStyliency, an eye-tracking dataset for human processing of stylistic text (e.g., politeness). We develop a variety of methods to derive style saliency scores over text using the collected eye dataset. We further investigate how this saliency data compares to both human annotation methods and model-based interpretability metrics. We find that while eye-tracking data is unique, it also intersects with both human annotations and model-based importance scores, providing a possible bridge between human- and machine-based perspectives. We propose utilizing this type of data to evaluate the cognitive plausibility of models that interpret style. Our eye-tracking data and processing code are publicly available