sj-mp4-1-lan-10.1177_00236772231169344 - Supplemental material for Urinary bladder catheterisation of female pigs: Influence of bladder content and <i>Escherichia coli</i> urinary tract infection on procedural outcome

Supplemental material, sj-mp4-1-lan-10.1177_00236772231169344 for Urinary bladder catheterisation of female pigs: Influence of bladder content and Escherichia coli urinary tract infection on procedural outcome by Kristian Stærk, Louise Langhorn, Bo Halle and Thomas Emil Andersen in Laboratory Animals</p

Rapid gut growth but persistent delay in digestive function in the postnatal period of preterm pigs

Preterm infants often tolerate full enteral nutrition a few weeks after birth but it is not known how this is related to gut maturation. Using pigs as models, we hypothesized that intestinal structure and digestive function are similar in preterm and term individuals at 3–4 wk after birth and that early enteral nutrition promotes maturation. Preterm or term cesarean-delivered pigs were fed total parenteral nutrition, or partial enteral nutrition [Enteral (Ent), 16–64 ml·kg(−1)·day(−1) of bovine colostrum] for 5 days, followed by full enteral milk feeding until day 26. The intestine was collected for histological and biochemical analyses at days 0, 5, and 26 (n = 8–12 in each of 10 treatment groups). Intestinal weight (relative to body weight) was reduced in preterm pigs at 0–5 days but ENT feeding stimulated the mucosal volume and peptidase activities. Relative to term pigs, mucosal volume remained reduced in preterm pigs until 26 days although plasma glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) and glucose-dependent insulin-trophic peptide (GIP) levels were increased. Preterm pigs also showed reduced hexose absorptive capacity and brush-border enzyme (sucrase, maltase) activities at 26 days, relative to term pigs. Intestinal structure shows a remarkable growth adaptation in the first week after preterm birth, especially with enteral nutrition, whereas some digestive functions remain immature until at least 3–4 wk. It is important to identify feeding regimens that stimulate intestinal maturation in the postnatal period of preterm infants because some intestinal functions may show long-term developmental delay

Principal component analysis (PCA) of samples profiled by small RNAseq technique

A. PCA of urine samples on the basis of normalized read counts of the known and putative novel miRNAs for the 38 samples initially processed. The red arrows indicate the outlier Control samples (C5, C6 and C7). B. PCA excluding the high outlier samples. CKD: Chronic kidney disease; PN: Pyelonephritis; SB/C: Subclinical bacteriuria/Cystitis; UO: Ureteral obstruction.Peer reviewe

Detailed characteristics of the known and putative novel miRNAs in cat urine for the 35 samples based on RNAseq data

A. Proportion of samples for which each of the known miRNAs across the different groups were detected. B. Cumulative abundance of the known feline miRNAs. The dots indicate the log10 of the miRNA abundance for each miRNA. miRNAs are sorted in each group in a decreasing order by their miRNA abundance on the x-axis, independently for each group. C. Proportion of samples for which each of the putative novel miRNA candidates across the different groups were detected. D. Cumulative abundance of the putative novel miRNAs. The dots indicate the log10 of the miRNA abundance for each miRNA. miRNAs are sorted in each group in a decreasing order by their miRNA abundance on the x-axis, independently for each group. CKD: Chronic kidney disease; PN: Pyelonephritis; SB/C: Subclinical bacteriuria/Cystitis; UO: Ureteral obstruction, CPM: Counts per million.Peer reviewe

Pathway enrichment analysis of putative mRNA target genes of non-redundant differentially abundant (DA) miRNAs seeds surviving the criteria |log2FC| ≥ 1.5 and q-value < 0.05 in qPCR analyses and which were also DA in the small RNAseq dataset

1 table.Pathway enrichment of the KEGG and Reactome terms are shown if they gathered significant false discovery rate (FDR) and corrected p-values (q-value < 0.05); their associated mRNA genes found are also shown.Peer reviewe

Flowchart outlining the pipeline for small RNAseq analysis

1 figureIncluding the identification of known and putative novel miRNAs, miRNA abundance profiling and differential abundance analysis. rRNA: ribosomal RNA; tRNA: transfer RNA; snoRNA: small nucleolar RNA; snRNA: small nuclear RNA; RE: repeat elements; qPCR: quantitative real-time PCR.Peer reviewe