ROS3P---an accurate third-order Rosenbrock solver designed for parabolic problems

In this note we present a new Rosenbrock solver which is third--order accurate for nonlinear parabolic problems. Since Rosenbrock methods suffer from order reductions when they are applied to partial differential equations, additional order conditions have to be satisfied. Although these conditions have been known for a longer time, from the practical point of view only little has been done to construct new methods. {sc Steinebach cite{St95 modified the well--known solver RODAS of {sc Hairer and {sc Wanner cite{HaWa96 to preserve its classical order four for special problem classes including linear parabolic equations. His solver RODASP, however, drops down to order three for nonlinear parabolic problems. Our motivation here was to derive an efficient third--order Rosenbrock solver for the nonlinear situation. Such a method exists with three stages and two function evaluations only. A comparison with other third--order methods shows the substantial potential of our new method

ROS3P : an accurate third-order Rosenbrock solver designed for parabolic problems

In this note we present a new Rosenbrock solver which is third--order accurate for nonlinear parabolic problems. Since Rosenbrock methods suffer from order reductions when they are applied to partial differential equations, additional order conditions have to be satisfied. Although these conditions have been known for a longer time, from the practical point of view only little has been done to construct new methods. {sc Steinebach cite{St95 modified the well--known solver RODAS of {sc Hairer and {sc Wanner cite{HaWa96 to preserve its classical order four for special problem classes including linear parabolic equations. His solver RODASP, however, drops down to order three for nonlinear parabolic problems. Our motivation here was to derive an efficient third--order Rosenbrock solver for the nonlinear situation. Such a method exists with three stages and two function evaluations only. A comparison with other third--order methods shows the substantial potential of our new method

On global error estimation and control for initial value problems

This paper addresses global error estimation and control for initial value problems for ordinary differential equations. The focus lies on a comparison between a novel approach based on the adjoint method combined with a small sample statistical initialization and the classical approach based on the first variational equation. Control is achieved through tolerance proportionality. Both approaches are found to work well and to enable estimation and control in a reliable manner. However, the novel approach is not found to be competitive with the classical approach, mainly because of its huge storage demand for large problems

Intronic microRNAs support their host genes by mediating synergistic and antagonistic regulatory effects

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>MicroRNA-mediated control of gene expression via translational inhibition has substantial impact on cellular regulatory mechanisms. About 37% of mammalian microRNAs appear to be located within introns of protein coding genes, linking their expression to the promoter-driven regulation of the host gene. In our study we investigate this linkage towards a relationship beyond transcriptional co-regulation.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Using measures based on both annotation and experimental data, we show that intronic microRNAs tend to support their host genes by regulation of target gene expression with significantly correlated expression patterns. We used expression data of three differentiating cell types and compared gene expression profiles of host and target genes. Many microRNA target genes show expression patterns significantly correlated with the expressions of the microRNA host genes. By calculating functional similarities between host and predicted microRNA target genes based on GO annotations, we confirm that many microRNAs link host and target gene activity in an either synergistic or antagonistic manner.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These two regulatory effects may result from fine tuning of target gene expression functionally related to the host or knock-down of remaining opponent target gene expression. This finding allows to extend the common practice of mapping large scale gene expression data to protein associated genes with functionality of co-expressed intronic microRNAs.</p

On the stability of periodic orbits in delay equations with large delay

We prove a necessary and sufficient criterion for the exponential stability of periodic solutions of delay differential equations with large delay. We show that for sufficiently large delay the Floquet spectrum near criticality is characterized by a set of curves, which we call asymptotic continuous spectrum, that is independent on the delay.Comment: postprint versio

Transport behavior of holes in boron delta-doped diamond structures

Boron delta-doped diamond structures have been synthesized using microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition and fabricated into FET and gated Hall bar devices for assessment of the electrical characteristics. A detailed study of variable temperature Hall, conductivity, and field-effect mobility measurements was completed. This was supported by Schr€dinger-Poisson and relaxation time o calculations based upon application of Fermi’s golden rule. A two carrier-type model was developed with an activation energy of $0.2 eV between the delta layer lowest subband with mobility$1 cm2/Vs and the bulk valence band with high mobility. This new understanding of the transport of holes in such boron delta-doped structures has shown that although Hall mobility as high as 900 cm2/Vs was measured at room temperature, this dramatically overstates the actual useful performance of the device

Retrospective, matched case-control analysis of tickborne encephalitis vaccine effectiveness by booster interval, Switzerland 2006-2020

Objective: To estimate effectiveness of tickborne encephalitis (TBE) vaccination by time interval (<5, 5-10 and 10+years) postvaccination. Design: A retrospective, matched case-control study PARTICIPANTS: Cases-all adult (age 18-79) TBE cases in Switzerland reported via the national mandatory disease reporting surveillance system from 2006 to 2020 (final n=1868). Controls-community controls from a database of randomly selected adults (age 18-79) participating in a 2018 cross-sectional study of TBE vaccination in Switzerland (final n=4625). Primary outcome measures: For cases and controls, the number of TBE vaccine doses received and the time since last vaccination were determined. Individuals were classified as being 'unvaccinated' (0 doses), 'incomplete' (1-2 doses) or 'complete' (3+ doses). Individuals with 'complete' vaccination were further classified by time since the last dose was received (<5 years, 5-10 years or 10+ years). A conditional logistic regression model was used to calculate vaccine effectiveness (VE: 100 × [1-OR]) for each vaccination status category. Results: VE for incomplete vaccination was 76.8% (95% CI 69.0% to 82.6%). For complete vaccination, overall VE was 95.0% (95% CI 93.5% to 96.1%). When the most recent dose was received <5 years prior VE was 91.6% (95% CI 88.4% to 94.0%), 95.2% (95% CI 92.4% to 97.0%) when the most recent dose was received 5-10 years prior, and 98.5% (95% CI 96.8% to 99.2%) when the most recent dose was received 10+ years prior. Conclusions: That VE does not decrease among completely vaccinated individuals over 10+ years since last vaccination supports the longevity of the protective response following complete TBE vaccination. Our findings support the effectiveness of 10-year TBE booster intervals currently used in Switzerland. Keywords: Breakthrough Infection; Duration; Prevention; Protection; TBE

Fine tuning of the side-to-side tenorrhaphy: A biomechanical study assessing different side-to-side suture techniques in a porcine tendon model

Recent studies conclude that a new technique for tendon transfers, the side-to-side tenorrhaphy by Friden (FR) provides higher biomechanical stability than the established standard first described by Pulvertaft (PT). The aim of this study was to optimize side-to-side tenorrhaphies. We compared PT and FR tenorrhaphies as well as a potential improvement, termed Woven-Friden tenorrhaphy (WF), with regard to biomechanical stability. Our results demonstrate superior biomechanical stability and lower bulk of FR and, in particular, WF over PT tenorrhaphies. The WF and FR technnique therefore seem to be a notable alternative to the established standard tenorrhaphy as they display lower bulk and higher stability, permitting successful immediate active mobilization after surgery