6,662 research outputs found
Comment on "On the ionization equilibrium of hot hydrogen plasma and thermodynamic consistency of formulating finite partition functions"
Zaghloul [Phys. Plasmas 17, 062701 (2010); arXiv:1010.1161v1] reconsiders the
occupation probability formalism in plasma thermodynamics and claims
inconsistencies in previous models. I show that the origin of this incorrect
claim is an omission of the configurational factor from the partition function.
This arXiv version is supplemented with two appendices, where I add remarks and
comments on two more recent publications of the same author on the same
subject: on his response to this Comment [Phys. Plasmas 17, 124705 (2010)] and
on his criticism towards the Hummer and Mihalas's (1988) formalism [Phys.
Plasmas 17, 122903 (2010); arXiv:1010.1102v1].Comment: 4 pages: 2 pages of the journal publication + 2 pages of the
electronic supplemen
Fluctuations in the presence of fields -Phenomenological Gaussian approximation and a new class of thermodynamic inequalities-
The work approaches the study of the fluctuations for the thermodynamic
systems in the presence of the fields. The approach is of phenomenological
nature and developed in a Gaussian approximation. The study is exemplified on
the cases of a magnetizable continuum in a magnetoquasistatic field, as well as
for the so called discrete systems. In the last case one finds that the
fluctuations estimators depends both on the intrinsic properties of the system
and on the characteristics of the environment. Following some earlier ideas of
one of the authors we present a new class of thermodynamic inequalities for the
systems investigated in this paper. In the case of two variables the mentioned
inequalities are nothing but non-quantum analogues of the well known quantum
Heisenberg (''uncertainty'') relations. Also the obtained fluctuations
estimators support the idea that the Boltzmann's constant k has the
signification of a generic indicator of stochasticity for thermodynamic
systems.
Pacs number(s): 05.20.-y, 05.40.-a, 05.70.-a, 41.20.GzComment: preprint, 24 page
Quarkonia and Quark Drip Lines in Quark-Gluon Plasma
We extract the - potential by using the thermodynamic quantities
obtained in lattice gauge calculations. The potential is tested and found to
give dissociation temperatures that agree well with those from lattice gauge
spectral function analysis. Using such a - potential, we examine the
quarkonium states in a quark-gluon plasma and determine the `quark drip lines'
which separate the region of bound color-singlet states from the
unbound region. The characteristics of the quark drip lines severely limit the
region of possible bound states with light quarks to temperatures
close to the phase transition temperature. Bound quarkonia with light quarks
may exist very near the phase transition temperature if their effective quark
mass is of the order of 300-400 MeV and higher.Comment: 24 pages, 13 figures, in LaTe
Many-body effects on adiabatic passage through Feshbach resonances
We theoretically study the dynamics of an adiabatic sweep through a Feshbach
resonance, thereby converting a degenerate quantum gas of fermionic atoms into
a degenerate quantum gas of bosonic dimers. Our analysis relies on a zero
temperature mean-field theory which accurately accounts for initial molecular
quantum fluctuations, triggering the association process. The structure of the
resulting semiclassical phase space is investigated, highlighting the dynamical
instability of the system towards association, for sufficiently small detuning
from resonance. It is shown that this instability significantly modifies the
finite-rate efficiency of the sweep, transforming the single-pair exponential
Landau-Zener behavior of the remnant fraction of atoms Gamma on sweep rate
alpha, into a power-law dependence as the number of atoms increases. The
obtained nonadiabaticity is determined from the interplay of characteristic
time scales for the motion of adiabatic eigenstates and for fast periodic
motion around them. Critical slowing-down of these precessions near the
instability leads to the power-law dependence. A linear power law is obtained when the initial molecular fraction is smaller than the 1/N
quantum fluctuations, and a cubic-root power law is
attained when it is larger. Our mean-field analysis is confirmed by exact
calculations, using Fock-space expansions. Finally, we fit experimental low
temperature Feshbach sweep data with a power-law dependence. While the
agreement with the experimental data is well within experimental error bars,
similar accuracy can be obtained with an exponential fit, making additional
data highly desirable.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figure
Nonlinear adiabatic passage from fermion atoms to boson molecules
We study the dynamics of an adiabatic sweep through a Feshbach resonance in a
quantum gas of fermionic atoms. Analysis of the dynamical equations, supported
by mean-field and many-body numerical results, shows that the dependence of the
remaining atomic fraction on the sweep rate varies from
exponential Landau-Zener behavior for a single pair of particles to a power-law
dependence for large particle number . The power-law is linear, , when the initial molecular fraction is smaller than the 1/N
quantum fluctuations, and when it is larger.
Experimental data agree better with a linear dependence than with an
exponential Landau-Zener fit, indicating that many-body effects are significant
in the atom-molecule conversion process.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Resonance Damping in Ferromagnets and Ferroelectrics
The phenomenological equations of motion for the relaxation of ordered phases
of magnetized and polarized crystal phases can be developed in close analogy
with one another. For the case of magnetized systems, the driving magnetic
field intensity toward relaxation was developed by Gilbert. For the case of
polarized systems, the driving electric field intensity toward relaxation was
developed by Khalatnikov. The transport times for relaxation into thermal
equilibrium can be attributed to viscous sound wave damping via
magnetostriction for the magnetic case and electrostriction for the
polarization case.Comment: 5 pages no figures ReVTeX
On the conversion efficiency of ultracold fermionic atoms to bosonic molecules via Feshbach resonances
We explain why the experimental efficiency observed in the conversion of
ultracold Fermi gases of K and Li atoms into diatomic Bose gases
is limited to 0.5 when the Feshbach resonance sweep rate is sufficiently slow
to pass adiabatically through the Landau Zener transition but faster than ``the
collision rate'' in the gas, and increases beyond 0.5 when it is slower. The
0.5 efficiency limit is due to the preparation of a statistical mixture of two
spin-states, required to enable s-wave scattering. By constructing the
many-body state of the system we show that this preparation yields a mixture of
even and odd parity pair-states, where only even parity can produce molecules.
The odd parity spin-symmetric states must decorrelate before the constituent
atoms can further Feshbach scatter thereby increasing the conversion
efficiency; ``the collision rate'' is the pair decorrelation rate.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, final version accepted to Phys. Rev. Let
Dirac and Normal Fermions in Graphite and Graphene: Implications to the Quantum Hall Effect
Spectral analysis of Shubnikov de Haas (SdH) oscillations of
magnetoresistance and of Quantum Hall Effect (QHE) measured in quasi-2D highly
oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) [Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 156402 (2003)] reveals
two types of carriers: normal (massive) electrons with Berry phase 0 and
Dirac-like (massless) holes with Berry phase pi. We demonstrate that recently
reported integer- and semi-integer QHE for bi-layer and single-layer graphenes
take place simultaneously in HOPG samples.Comment: 4 page
Level Correlations And Persistent Currents In Mesoscopic Metals
We use the exact correlation function of the density of energy levels in the
magnetic field to evaluate persistent currents in mesoscopic metals. We also
analyze the perturbation theory limit of the correlation function vis-a-vis the
perturbation theory limit of the orbital response.Comment: 10 pages revte
Geometric factors in the Bohr--Rosenfeld analysis of the measurability of the electromagnetic field
The Geometric factors in the field commutators and spring constants of the
measurement devices in the famous analysis of the measurability of the
electromagnetic field by Bohr and Rosenfeld are calculated using a
Fourier--Bessel method for the evaluation of folding integrals, which enables
one to obtain the general geometric factors as a Fourier--Bessel series. When
the space region over which the factors are defined are spherical, the
Fourier--Bessel series terms are given by elementary functions, and using the
standard Fourier-integral method of calculating folding integrals, the
geometric factors can be evaluated in terms of manageable closed-form
expressions.Comment: 21 pages, REVTe
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