La ingesta de grasas y el riesgo de enfermedad coronaria de los jordanos

Introduction: dietary fat has been reported as one of the significant risk factors in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Objective: this study aimed at assessing the possible association between fat intake and CVD. Methods: the present case-control study was conducted in the center of coronary angiography. Three-hundred and ninety nine patients who referred for elective coronary angiography with clinical suspicion of coronary artery disease were enrolled. Dietary data were collected from each patient using an interview-based food frequency questionnaire. Results: the findings of the present study revealed no significant differences between cases and controls regarding the intake of all types of fat either before or after energy adjustment. For both cases and controls the percentage of fat intake from total energy and the intakes of polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats, cholesterol, omega-6 and omega-3 were within the recommended amounts. The intake of all fat types (except trans-fat) was not associated with the risk of developing CVD. Trans-fat intake in the second and third quartile increased the risk of CVD by OR 1.86 (95% CI: 1.03-3.34) and 2.01 (95% CI: 1.12-3.60), respectively. Conclusions: while trans-fats may be significantly associated with the development of CVD in the first two quartiles, no association has been detected with other fat types.Introducción: se ha establecido que la grasa en la dieta es uno de los factores de riesgo significativos en el desarrollo de enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV). Objetivo: este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la posible asociación entre la ingesta de grasa y la ECV. Métodos: el presente estudio de casos y controles se realizó en el centro de la angiografía coronaria. Se inscribieron 399 pacientes que fueron remitidos para una angiografía coronaria electiva con sospecha clínica de enfermedad coronaria. Los datos dietéticos se obtuvieron de cada paciente mediante un cuestionario de frecuencia de alimentos basado en entrevistas. Resultados: los hallazgos del presente estudio no revelaron diferencias significativas entre los casos y los controles con respecto a la ingesta de todos los tipos de grasa, ya sea antes o después del ajuste de energía. Para ambos casos y controles, el porcentaje de ingesta de grasas de la energía total y las ingestas de grasas poliinsaturadas y monoinsaturadas, colesterol, omega-6 y omega-3 se encuentran dentro de las cantidades recomendadas. La ingesta de todos los tipos de grasa (excepto las grasas trans) no se asoció con el riesgo de desarrollar ECV. La ingesta de grasas trans en el segundo y tercer cuartil aumentó el riesgo de ECV en OR 1,86 (IC 95 %: 1,03-3,34) y 2,01 (IC 95 %: 1,12-3,60), respectivamente. Conclusiones: si bien las grasas trans pueden estar asociadas significativamente con el desarrollo de ECV en los dos primeros cuartiles, no se ha detectado asociación con otros tipos de gras

Consumption of Whole Grains, Refined Cereals and Legumes and its Association with Colorectal Cancer among Jordanians

Background The role of whole grains, refined cereals, and legumes in preventing or initiating colorectal cancer (CRC) is still uncertain. The aim of this study is to examine the possible association between the consumption of whole grains, refined cereals, and legumes and the risk of developing CRC among Jordanian population. Methods A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to collect dietary data with regard to intake of whole grains, refined cereals, and legumes. A total of 220 diagnosed CRC participants and 281 CRC-free control participants matched by age, gender, occupation, and marital status were recruited. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of developing CRC in relation to the consumption of different types of whole grains, refined cereals, and legumes. Results The odds ratio (OR) for developing CRC among cases consumed refined wheat bread at all meals was 3.1 compared with controls (95% CI: 1.2-7.9, P-Trend = 0.001); whereas the OR associated with whole wheat bread was 0.44 (95% CI: 0.22-0.92, P-Trend = 0.001). The statistical evaluation for daily consumption of rice suggested a direct association with the risk of developing CRC, OR = 3.0 (95% CI: 0.27-33.4, P-Trend = 0.020). Weekly consumption of macaroni was associated with CRC with OR of 2.4 (95% CI: 1.1-5.3, P-Trend = 0.001). The consumption of corn, bulgur, lentils, and peas suggested a protective trend, although the trend was not statistically significant. Conclusion This study provides additional indicators of the protective role of whole grains and suggests a direct association between consumption of refined grains and higher possibility for developing CRC.Higher Council of Science and Technology-Jorda

Macro- and micronutrients consumption and the risk for colorectal cancer among Jordanians

OBJECTIVE: Diet and lifestyle have been reported to be important risk factors for the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the association between total energy and nutrient intake and the risk of developing CRC has not been clearly explained. The aim of our study is to examine the relationship between total energy intake and other nutrients and the development of CRC in the Jordanian population. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Dietary data was collected from 169 subjects who were previously diagnosed with CRC, and 248 control subjects (matched by age, gender, occupation and marital status). These control subjects were healthy and disease free. Data was collected between January 2010 and December 2012, using interview-based questionnaires. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between quartiles of total energy, macro- and micronutrient intakes with the risk of developing CRC in our study population. RESULTS: Total energy intake was associated with a higher risk of developing CRC (OR = 2.60 for the highest versus lowest quartile of intake; 95% CI: 1.21-5.56, p-trend = 0.03). Intakes of protein (OR = 3.62, 95% CI: 1.63-8.05, p-trend = 0.002), carbohydrates (OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 0.67-2.99, p-trend = 0.043), and percentage of energy from fat (OR = 2.10, 95% CI: 0.38-11.70, p-trend = 0.009) significantly increased the risk for the development of CRC. Saturated fat, dietary cholesterol and sodium intake showed a significant association with the risk of developing CRC (OR = 5.23, 95% CI: 2.33-11.76; OR = 2.48, 95% CI: 1.18-5.21; and OR = 3.42, 95% CI: 1.59-7.38, respectively), while vitamin E and caffeine intake were indicative of a protective effect against the development of CRC, OR = 0.002 (95% CI: 0.0003-0.011) and 0.023 (95%CI: 0.008-0.067), respectively. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest an increased risk for the development of CRC in subjects with high dietary intake of energy, protein, saturated fat, cholesterol, and sodium, and diets high in vitamin E and caffeine were suggestive of a protective effect against the risk of developing CRC. IMPACT: This is the first study in Jordan to suggest that it may be possible to reduce CRC risk by adjusting the intake of some macro-and micronutrients.Higher Council of Science and Technolog

Dietary fat types consumption association with obesity and coronary indices

This article aims to study the different dietary fat types associated with obesity and coronary indices. A sample of 491 healthy adults was included in a cross-sectional manner. Dietary fats intake, obesity indices (conicity index (CI), body adiposity index (BAI), abdominal volume index (AVI), body roundness index (BRI), and weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI)), and cardiovascular indices (cardiometabolic index (CMI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP)) were calculated and studied. Participants with an acceptable intake of omega-3 had a higher BRI score (1⋅90 ± 0⋅06 v. 1⋅70 ± 0⋅06). Participants with an unacceptable intake of cholesterol had a higher CI (1⋅31 ± 0⋅11 v. 1⋅28 ± 0⋅12; P = 0⋅011), AVI (20⋅24 ± 5⋅8 v. 18⋅33 ± 6⋅0; P < 0⋅001), BRI (2⋅00 ± 1⋅01 v. 1⋅70 ± 1⋅00; P = 0⋅003), WWI (11⋅00 ± 0⋅91 v. 10⋅80 ± 0⋅97; P = 0⋅032), and lower AIP (0⋅46 ± 0⋅33 v. 0⋅53 ± 0⋅33; P = 0⋅024). Total fat, saturated fat (SFA), and polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) intake had a significant moderate correlation with AVI and BRI. The monounsaturated fat (MUFA) intake had a significantly weak correlation with CI, AVI, BRI, WWI, and AIP. Cholesterol and omega-6 had weak correlations with all indices. Similar correlations were seen among male and female participants. The different types of fat intake significantly affected obesity and coronary indices, especially SFA and PUFA, as well as omega-3 and cholesterol. Gender and the dietary type of fat intake have a relationship to influence the indicators of both obesity and coronary indices

Habitual food consumption, eating behavior and meal-timing among Jordanian adults with elevated Blood pressure: a cross-sectional population-based study

The prevalence of elevated blood pressure (BP) has been raised worldwide. Food consumption, eating habits, and nutritional lifestyle related to meal timing, skipping meals, and meal contents have recently received more attention in studies on BP and metabolic syndrome. Purpose: This study evaluated the association between habitual food consumption, eating behavior, and meal timing with BP among Jordanian adults. A cross-sectional study included 771 Jordanian adults. A food frequency questionnaire was completed. Data about eating habits, meal timing, and emotional eating were collected. BP was measured. The prevalence of less than recommended intake of vegetables, milk, protein, and fruits was higher in participants with elevated BP (69.2%, 90.2%, 58.9%, and 25.5%, respectively) as compared to the normal BP group (p  Although Jordanian adults with elevated BP appear to have healthy eating habits and meal timing and frequency, their habitual food consumption falls short of the daily recommendations for milk, fruits, vegetables, and protein. Numerous epidemiological studies have revealed a steadily rising prevalence of elevated BP, and one critical independent and modifiable risk factor for this condition is obesity.One global non-communicable diseases (NCD) target adopted by the World Health Assembly in 2013 is to lower the prevalence of raised BP by 25% by 2025 compared with its 2010 level.Lifestyle improvement is a cornerstone of CVD prevention; diet is one of the most effective strategies for attaining BP reduction and control as low-salt diets, dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH), a low-salt Mediterranean diet, an energy-restriction diet, vegetarian diet, and alternate-day fasting.Eating habits and nutritional lifestyle related to meal timing, skipping meals, and meal contents have recently received more attention in studies on BP and metabolic syndrome.a relationship between elevated BP and metabolic syndrome, infrequent fruit eating, skipping meals, irregular meal frequency and timing, and obesity has been found among adults.It has been found that earlier meal timing could reduce cardiometabolic disease burden and aid in weight loss; on the other hand, meal frequency was inversely associated with the prevalence of abdominal obesity, elevated BP, and elevated triglycerides. Morning eating was associated with a lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome than no morning eating. Numerous epidemiological studies have revealed a steadily rising prevalence of elevated BP, and one critical independent and modifiable risk factor for this condition is obesity. One global non-communicable diseases (NCD) target adopted by the World Health Assembly in 2013 is to lower the prevalence of raised BP by 25% by 2025 compared with its 2010 level. Lifestyle improvement is a cornerstone of CVD prevention; diet is one of the most effective strategies for attaining BP reduction and control as low-salt diets, dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH), a low-salt Mediterranean diet, an energy-restriction diet, vegetarian diet, and alternate-day fasting. Eating habits and nutritional lifestyle related to meal timing, skipping meals, and meal contents have recently received more attention in studies on BP and metabolic syndrome. a relationship between elevated BP and metabolic syndrome, infrequent fruit eating, skipping meals, irregular meal frequency and timing, and obesity has been found among adults. It has been found that earlier meal timing could reduce cardiometabolic disease burden and aid in weight loss; on the other hand, meal frequency was inversely associated with the prevalence of abdominal obesity, elevated BP, and elevated triglycerides. Morning eating was associated with a lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome than no morning eating.</p

Association between dietary fatty acid patterns and obesity indices in Jordanian adults: A cross-sectional study

Background: The ratios of fatty acids in different diets and their connection to chronic diseases including obesity and CVD have been researched. The current study set out to detect the dietary fatty acid patterns among Jordanian adults and their relationships with obesity indices. Methods: The data of 1096 adults were extracted from a household food consumption patterns survey study. Food intake was analyzed, and fatty acid patterns were determined. After anthropometric measurements, obesity indices were calculated. Results: Two fatty acid patterns were determined (High fatty acids from Protein and Olive Oil sources pattern, and the low Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) pattern), explaining an overall variance of 41.78% and 24.31%, respectively. A significant difference in obesity scores through fatty acids pattern quartiles was only seen among female participants. Q4 of the “High fatty acids from Protein and Olive Oil sources” pattern had a significantly higher means of body mass index (25.12 ± 0.46; p = 0.015), waist-to-height-ratio (0.51 ± 0.01; p = 0.002), weight-adjusted waist index (10.13 ± 0.09; p = 0.021) and body roundness index (3.61 ± 0.15; p = 0.007) compared to Q1, while Q4 of “Low EPA and DHA” pattern had significantly higher means of waist circumference (WC) (86.28 ± 1.34) and a body shape index (ABSI) (10.12 ± 0.30) in comparison to Q1 (WC = 81.55 ± 1.08 and ABSI = 9.07 ± 0.22; p = 0.025, 0.013; respectively). In females, there was a significant association between the “High fatty acids from Protein and Olive Oil sources” pattern and all the obesity indices. Conclusion: Our results suggest that an increase in the high fatty acids from Protein and Olive Oil sources pattern is associated with a reduction in obesity indices, which is opposite to the low EPA and DHA pattern. This was a sex-specific association

Probiotic supplementation induces remission and changes in the immunoglobulins and inflammatory response in active ulcerative colitis patients: A pilot, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

Background & AimsClinical studies of using probiotics for managing ulcerative colitis (UC) in Jordan are rare. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effect of probiotic supplementation on the clinical disease activity and biochemical parameters in patients with mild-to-moderately active UC.Methods: thirty mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis patients were included and randomly assigned to participate in a double-blinded randomized study to receive the treatment (3×1010 of probiotic capsules [containing nine Lactobacillus and five Bifidobacterium species], or a placebo), and included in the intention-to-treat analysis. Only 24 completed the study and were included in the per-protocol analysis. Both groups were compared in terms of clinical disease activity and biochemical parameters at the beginning and the end of the study. Registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier no. NCT04223479. ResultsThere was a significant induction of remission in the probiotic group presented by improvement in the partial mayo score (PMS). Probiotic group had significantly lower stool frequency (0.00 ± 0.00 vs. 1.17± 1.19), global assessment (0.42 ± 0.51 vs. 1.00 ± 0.74, p = 0.035), and total PMS score (1.33 ± 0.49 vs. 3.42 ± 1.78). In terms of mean and percent of change in post-to pre-treatment values, there was a significant reduction in C-reactive protein, and an increase in hemoglobin, hematocrit, and RBC levels in the probiotic group (p<0.05). Additionally, there was a significant reduction in the IgA level and an increase in IL-10 levels among the probiotic group compared to the placebo group (p= 0.039). ConclusionsThe use of probiotic therapy had significantly induced remission in UC patients, this was evidenced by the improvement in the Partial Mayo score. Furthermore, probiotic therapy had an appropriate effect on changes in hemoglobin, hematocrit, C-reactive protein, IgA, and IL-10 levels.This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with the number NCT04223479

Does probiotic supplementation improve quality of life in mild-to-moderately active ulcerative colitis patients in Jordan? A secondary outcome of the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

Purpose: Recent findings revealed a potential effect of a probiotic in improving quality of life (QoL) in ulcerative colitis (UC). In Jordan, there is scarce data about UC patients and QoL. Methods: Twenty-four UC patients were included in the study and were randomly allocated into probiotic (3 × 1010 probiotic capsules containing nine Lactobacillus and five Bifidobacterium species) and placebo control groups (containing polysaccharide supplied in an identical bottle) 3 times daily/6 weeks. A short inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire (SIBDQ) was used to assess the change in the quality of life in both groups at the beginning and the end of the intervention; The study was completed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: Patients treated with probiotics showed a higher score of social (6.92 ± 0.29, p = 0.019), bowel (6.31 ± 0.46, p = 0.001), emotional (6.47 ± 0.46, p < 0.001), and total SIBDQ scores (6.54 ± 0.29, p < 0.001) compared to the placebo group (5.75 ± 1.57, 4.72 ± 1.34, 4.42 ± 1.67 and 4.96 ± 1.27; respectively). Also, the probiotic group had significantly better scores in the systemic, social, bowel, emotional, and total SIBDQ scores in terms of pre- to post-treatment (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The use of probiotic therapy containing Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species had significantly improved the quality of life among UC patients, this was shown by the improvement in the scores of the systemic domain, social domain, bowel domain, emotional domain, and total SIBDQ. This study is part of a registered study at ClinicalTrials.gov with the number NCT04223479

The probiotic supplementation role in improving the immune system among people with ulcerative colitis: a narrative review.

The purpose of this paper is to summarize the current evidence on probiotics' uses as an adjuvant for ulcerative colitis (UC) and provide an understanding of the effect of probiotics supplement on the immune system and inflammatory responses among UC patients and subsequent therapeutic benefits. A narrative review of all the relevant published papers known to the author was conducted. UC is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that results in inflammation and ulceration of the colon and rectum. The primary symptoms of active disease are diarrhea, abdominal pain, and rectal bleeding. About 70% of the human immune system (mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue) originates in the intestine. Probiotics are live microorganisms that help in stabilizing the gut microbiota (nonimmunologic gut defense), restores normal flora, and enhance the humoral immune system. Probiotics especially , and lactic acid-producing bacteria have been used as an adjunct therapy for treating UC to ameliorate disease-related symptoms and reduce relapse rate. Probiotics, in general, modulate the immune system through their ability to enhance the mucosal barrier function, or through their interaction with the local immune system to enhance regulatory T cell responses, decrease the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1 beta and increase anti-inflammatory factor interleukin 10. More studies are needed to explore the properties of the various probiotic bacterial strains, their different uses, as well as the dosage of probiotics and duration for treating different disorders. Further clinical investigations on mechanisms of action and how probiotics modulate the immune system may lead to further advances in managing IBD

Risk factors for coronary artery disease in patients undergoing elective coronary angiography in Jordan

Abstract Background Unhealthy lifestyle factors such as smoking, obesity, inactivity and type 2 diabetes are endemic in the Middle East. The public health consequences might be detrimental; however, local studies on risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) are scarce. Methods Patients referred for coronary angiography at a tertiary hospital in Amman, Jordan, between January and December 2015, were included in this study. Risk factors for CAD were assessed in a multivariate logistic regression model, and presented as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results Among 557 participants, 356 (63.9%) had CAD and 201 (36.1%) had a normal cardiogram. The majority (n = 395, 70.9%) were male, and median age was 55 years (interquartile range 47–64). Two-hundred-and-fifteen (38.6%) individuals reported previous diabetes, and 287 (51.5%) were current or previous smokers. In multivariate analysis, male gender (OR 3.7, 95% CI 2.3–6.0), age (45–54 years: OR 4.8, 95% CI 2.7–8.5; 55–64 years: OR 6.0, 95% CI 3.2–11.4; ≥65 years: OR 15.7, 95% CI 7.8–31.3), previous diabetes (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.7–4.1) and current/previous smoking (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.3–3.4) were significant predictors of CAD. Conclusions Age, gender, diabetes and smoking were strong and significant risk factors for CAD in Jordan. Public health interventions to reduce the prevalence of smoking and diabetes are urgently needed