Pragmatic Rational Planning: Comparing Shanghai and Chicago

Planners in Shanghai and Chicago inhabit contrasting institutional planning systems. Despite these differences, the professional planners exhibit a shared commitment to basic rational planning doctrine. But most importantly, they practice a kind of pragmatic planning that adapts the principles of sustainability and an inclusive public interest to everyday planning conduct. Professional planners share a kind of practical intelligence acquired through university education that they use to pragmatically pursue shared planning norms within different institutional settings

A High-Dimensional Nonparametric Multivariate Test for Mean Vector

<p>This work is concerned with testing the population mean vector of nonnormal high-dimensional multivariate data. Several tests for high-dimensional mean vector, based on modifying the classical Hotelling <i>T</i>² test, have been proposed in the literature. Despite their usefulness, they tend to have unsatisfactory power performance for heavy-tailed multivariate data, which frequently arise in genomics and quantitative finance. This article proposes a novel high-dimensional nonparametric test for the population mean vector for a general class of multivariate distributions. With the aid of new tools in modern probability theory, we proved that the limiting null distribution of the proposed test is normal under mild conditions when <i>p</i> is substantially larger than <i>n</i>. We further study the local power of the proposed test and compare its relative efficiency with a modified Hotelling <i>T</i>² test for high-dimensional data. An interesting finding is that the newly proposed test can have even more substantial power gain with large <i>p</i> than the traditional nonparametric multivariate test does with finite fixed <i>p</i>. We study the finite sample performance of the proposed test via Monte Carlo simulations. We further illustrate its application by an empirical analysis of a genomics dataset. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.</p

Results of Experiment 2, comparing the response time to the Kanizsa triangle and to the symmetry control stimulus.

<p>(A) Suppression times for the two types of images plotted for each of the 12 individual observers as well as their averages. The suppression time for the Kanizsa triangle is significantly shorter than that of the control stimulus, <i>p</i><.05; (B) The advantage of Kanizsa triangle over the symmetry control stimulus, expressed as ΔRT, in the dichoptic suppression condition and in the binocular control condition. Advantage of Kanizsa triangle is significantly larger in the suppresion condion than that in the binocular control condition (629 ms vs. 175 ms, <i>t</i>(11) = 2.559, <i>p</i><0.05 ).</p

Gram-Scale Synthesis of Hydrophilic PEI-Coated AgInS₂ Quantum Dots and Its Application in Hydrogen Peroxide/Glucose Detection and Cell Imaging

Assisted with polyethylenimine, 4.0 L of water-soluble AgInS₂ quantum dots (AIS QDs) were successfully synthesized in an electric pressure cooker. As-prepared QDs exhibit yellow emission with a photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield up to 32%. The QDs also show excellent water/buffer stability. The highly luminescent AIS QDs are used to explore their dual-functional behavior: detection of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)/glucose and cell imaging. The amino-functionalized AIS QDs show high sensitivity and specificity for H₂O₂ and glucose with detection limits of 0.42 and 0.90 μM, respectively. A linear correlation was established between PL intensity and concentration of H₂O₂ in the ranges of 0.5–10 μM and 10–300 μM, while the linear ranges were 1–10 μM and 10–1000 μM for detection of glucose. The AIS QDs reveal negligible cytotoxicity on HeLa cells. Furthermore, the luminescence of AIS QDs gives the function of optical imaging

Schematic representation of the experimental paradigm

<p>In the experimental condition (A), a test figure was gradually introduced to one eye to compete with dynamic noise presented to the other eye. The test image was presented from 0, 100, 200, 300 or 400 ms after the trial began, with its contrast linearly ramped up from 0 to 100% within a period of 1 s, and then remained constant until the observer made a response to indicate on which side something other than noise appeared. In the control condition (B), a test image was presented directly on the noise background with its contrast increased gradually at a slower rate than in the experimental condition. Observers viewed the stimulus binocularly and responded to the appearance of the test image as soon as possible.</p

Current perspectives and trends of the research on hypertensive nephropathy: a bibliometric analysis from 2000 to 2023

Hypertensive nephropathy continues to be a major cause of end-stage renal disease and poses a significant global health burden. Despite the staggering development of research in hypertensive nephropathy, scientists and clinicians can only seek out useful information through articles and reviews, it remains a hurdle for them to quickly track the trend in this field. This study uses the bibliometric method to identify the evolutionary development and recent hotspots of hypertensive nephropathy. The Web of Science Core Collection database was used to extract publications on hypertensive nephropathy from January 2000 to November 2023. CiteSpace was used to capture the patterns and trends from multi-perspectives, including countries/regions, institutions, keywords, and references. In total, 557 publications on hypertensive nephropathy were eligible for inclusion. China (n = 208, 37.34%) was the most influential contributor among all the countries. Veterans Health Administration (n = 19, 3.41%) was found to be the most productive institution. Keyword bursting till now are renal fibrosis, outcomes, and mechanisms which are predicted to be the potential frontiers and hotspots in the future. The top seven references were listed, and their burst strength was shown. A comprehensive overview of the current status and research frontiers of hypertensive nephropathy has been provided through the bibliometric perspective. Recent advancements and challenges in hypertensive nephropathy have been discussed. These findings can offer informative instructions for researchers and scholars.</p

Results of Experiment 1, comparing the response time to the Kanizsa triangle and to the randomly rotated control stimulus.

<p>(A) Suppression times for the two types of images plotted for each of the 10 individual observers as well as their averages. The suppression time for the Kanizsa triangle is significantly shorter than that of the control stimulus, <i>p</i><.05; (B) The advantage of Kanizsa triangle over the randomly rotated control stimulus, expressed as ΔRT, in the dichoptic suppression condition and in the binocular control condition. Advantage of Kanizsa triangle is significantly larger in the suppresion condion than that in the binocular control condition (466 ms vs. 77 ms, <i>t</i>(9) = 2.330, <i>p</i><0.05).</p

Illustration of the stimuli

<p>(A) Stimuli used in experiment 1: Kanizsa triangle and the control stimulus with the local Pacmen randomly rotated; and (B) Stimuli used in experiment 2: Kanizsa triangle and the symmetry control stimulus with each of the local Pacmen rotated 180°.</p

Quantile-Optimal Treatment Regimes

<p>Finding the optimal treatment regime (or a series of sequential treatment regimes) based on individual characteristics has important applications in areas such as precision medicine, government policies, and active labor market interventions. In the current literature, the optimal treatment regime is usually defined as the one that maximizes the average benefit in the potential population. This article studies a general framework for estimating the quantile-optimal treatment regime, which is of importance in many real-world applications. Given a collection of treatment regimes, we consider robust estimation of the quantile-optimal treatment regime, which does not require the analyst to specify an outcome regression model. We propose an alternative formulation of the estimator as a solution of an optimization problem with an estimated nuisance parameter. This novel representation allows us to investigate the asymptotic theory of the estimated optimal treatment regime using empirical process techniques. We derive theory involving a nonstandard convergence rate and a nonnormal limiting distribution. The same nonstandard convergence rate would also occur if the mean optimality criterion is applied, but this has not been studied. Thus, our results fill an important theoretical gap for a general class of policy search methods in the literature. The article investigates both static and dynamic treatment regimes. In addition, doubly robust estimation and alternative optimality criterion such as that based on Gini’s mean difference or weighted quantiles are investigated. Numerical simulations demonstrate the performance of the proposed estimator. A data example from a trial in HIV+ patients is used to illustrate the application. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.</p

Table_1_Care burden on family caregivers of patients with dementia and affecting factors in China: A systematic review.DOCX

BackgroundDementia is a chronic and progressive illness characterized by severe impairment and high dependencies. Under the influence of Chinese traditional culture, 80% of patients with dementia are watched over at home by family caregivers as primary caregivers. However, long-term care brings formidable burdens to them and reduces the quality of their life. It is necessary to find out the influencing factors of caregivers’ burden.MethodsA scoping search was conducted on eight electronic databases from 1 January 2010 to 14 June 2022: PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China VIP Database, China Biomedical Literature Database, and Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform. Research articles included in this review discussed the factors affecting Chinese dementia family caregivers’ care burden or stress, and the level of care burden was evaluated by a standardized care burden scale.ResultsA total of 1,888 related articles were found and 23 cross-sectional studies were eventually included. After quality assessment, 12 were of good quality and 11 were of fair quality. A total of 32 factors were identified that were associated with caregiver burden, and the results were grouped into three categories: patient, caregiver, and society. The severity of disease, poor self-care ability, neuropsychiatric symptoms, care time, number of helpers, poor health status, economic stress, poor psychological status, social support, and age were reported in many previous studies.ConclusionIn this review, the factors that affect the caregiver burden for people with dementia were clarified. By identifying these factors, hospitals, decision-makers, and communities can carry out special projects for these populations, provide appropriate assistance, or design corresponding intervention measures to reduce the caregiver burden and improve the quality of care for patients with dementia.Systematic review registration[https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/], identifier [CRD42022347816].</p