Variasi Temperatur Pencampuran Terhadap Parameter Marshall Pada Campuran Lapis Aspal Beton

This study was conducted to determine the effect of temperature variations on the mixing processof the asphalt concrete AC-WC (Asphalt Concrete-Wearing Course) subtle gradations in themiddle limit and lower limit of the Marshall parameters with reference to specifications of BinaMarga, 2010.From the results of experiments conducted that the optimum asphalt content is used to middle limitusing a asphalt content of 5,7% and 6,8% for the lower limit after that mixing was done usingtemperature variation of 120 o C, 130 o C, 140 o C, 150 o C, and 160 o C.To a mixture of Laston AC-WC subtle gradations middle limit grading 5,7% asphalt contentmixing temperature using a temperature of 120 o C, 130 o C, 140 o C, 150 o C, 160 o C and still meet allstandards of marshall parameters. Ideal mixing temperature variations in the middle limit ofmixing temperature 150 o C-160 o C. While the lower limit to the level of 6,8% asphalt contentmixing temperatures between 120 o C-160 o C did not meet the specifications, because the MQ valuebelow the minimum value of 250 kg / mm

How Can the European Federation for Colposcopy Promote High Quality Colposcopy Throughout Europe?

Since its inception in 1998, the European Federation for Colposcopy (EFC) now comprises 26 member societies. Its principle aim is to promote high quality colposcopy throughout Europe with special emphasis on training, education and treatment. This review summarises EFC’s activities and achievements to date

EGb761 decreased BBB permeability in Aβ₁_–42 oligomer-induced bEnd.3 cells.

<p>BBB permeability, evaluated by the Na-F leakage test, was assessed after incubation with 10 µM Aβ_1–42 oligomer. Cells were incubated with or without various concentrations of EGb761 for 2 h, followed by incubation with Aβ_1–42 oligomer for 24 h. Then, the absorbance of Na-F was determined by fluorescence spectrophotometry. Results are shown as the Mean±S.E.M. (*<i>p</i><0.01, Aβ versus Control; #<i>p</i><0.01, EGb761+Aβ versus Aβ).</p

EGb761 prevented Aβ₁_–42 oligomer-induced apoptosis.

<p>bEnd.3 cells were incubated with or without EGb761 (100 µg/mL), followed by incubation with 10 µM Aβ_1–42 oligomer for 24 h. Cells were then subjected to Hoechst-33258 staining and viewed under a fluorescence microscope. Arrows indicate apoptotic nuclei. The apoptotic nuclei appear shrunken, irregular and fragmented (arrows). Panel B shows the percentage of apoptotic cells. In each group, ten microscopic fields were selected randomly and counted. Results are shown as the Mean±S.E.M. (*<i>p</i><0.01, Aβ versus Control; #<i>p</i><0.01, EGb761+Aβ versus Aβ).</p

EGb761 increased the expression ZO-1, Claudin-5 and Occludin in Aβ₁_–42 oligomer-induced bEnd.3 cells.

<p>Panel A, cells were incubated with or without various concentrations of EGb761 for 2 h, followed by incubation with Aβ_1–42 oligomer for 24 h. Then, the expression levels of ZO-1, Claudin-5 and Occludin were determined by Western Blot. Panels B, C and D show the quantitation of the data from Panel A. The Western blots of target proteins were semi-quantitatively analyzed by Image J software and the sum optical density was obtained. Protein levels relative to GAPDH were determined and then normalized to the Control value (i.e. untreated cells), which was set to 1.0. Results are shown as the Mean±S.E.M. (*<i>p</i><0.01, Aβ versus Control; #<i>p</i><0.01, EGb761+Aβ versus Aβ).</p

EGb761 increased cell viability against Aβ₁_–42 oligomer toxicity.

<p>Panel A, bEnd.3 cells were incubated with various concentrations of EGb761 for 24 h and then cell viability was analyzed according to MTT assay by detecting the absorbance at 490 nm. Panel B, cells were incubated with or without various concentrations of EGb761 for 2 h, followed by incubation with 10 µM Aβ_1–42 oligomer for 24 h. Subsequently, cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Results are shown as the Mean±S.E.M. (*p<0.01, Aβ versus Control; #p<0.01, EGb761+Aβ versus Aβ; **p<0.05, versus Aβ).</p

EGb761 attenuated the Aβ₁_–42 oligomer-induced increase of ROS.

<p>Panel A: ROS generation in bEnd.3 cells was evaluated by the oxidation of H₂DCF-DA to DCF (Fig. 3A, Control) and assessed by inverted fluorescent microscopy (100×). Following treatment for 24 h with 10 µM Aβ_1–42 oligomer, an increase in fluorescence was detected (Fig. 3A, Aβ). Cells treated with 100 µg/mL EGb761 for 2 h prior Aβ_1–42 oligomer treatment for 24 h, showed a decrease in fluorescence (Fig. 3A, EGb761+Aβ). Panel B shows the relative levels of intracellular ROS quantified by a microplate reader (488 nm excitation and 525 nm emission), with the results normalized to the control (set at 100). Results are shown as the Mean±S.E.M. (*<i>p</i><0.01, Aβ versus Control; #<i>p</i><0.01, EGb761+Aβ versus Aβ).</p

Bioactive Sesquiterpenoids from the Peeled Stems of <i>Syringa pinnatifolia</i>

Fourteen new sesquiterpenoids, alashanoids A–H (<b>1</b>, <b>2</b>, and <b>4</b>–<b>9</b>), (+)-2,9-humuladien-6-ol-8-one (<b>3b</b>), and five pairs of enantiomers (<b>1</b> and <b>4</b>–<b>7</b>), along with eight known analogues (<b>3a</b> and <b>10</b>–<b>16</b>) were isolated from the stems of <i>Syringa pinnatifolia</i>. The structures were established using IR, UV, MS, and NMR data. The absolute configurations of the new compounds were resolved by X-ray diffraction, a modification of Mosher’s method, and experimental and calculated ECD data analysis. The new sesquiterpenoids represent three skeletons: a rare 2,2,5,9-tetramethylbicyclo[6.3.0]-undecane (<b>1</b>), a humulane-type (<b>2</b>–<b>8</b>), and a caryophyllene-type (<b>9</b>) skeleton. Compounds <b>6a</b>, <b>7</b>, and <b>11</b> showed protective effects against hypoxia-induced injury to H9c2 cells at a concentration of 40 μM, and <b>5</b>–<b>7</b>, <b>11</b>, and <b>13</b> inhibited NO production in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophage cells with IC₅₀ values ranging from 13.6 to 70.6 μM. These compounds decreased the TNF-α and IL-6 levels in RAW264.7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner at 20–80 μM

Bioactive Sesquiterpenoids from the Peeled Stems of <i>Syringa pinnatifolia</i>

Fourteen new sesquiterpenoids, alashanoids A–H (<b>1</b>, <b>2</b>, and <b>4</b>–<b>9</b>), (+)-2,9-humuladien-6-ol-8-one (<b>3b</b>), and five pairs of enantiomers (<b>1</b> and <b>4</b>–<b>7</b>), along with eight known analogues (<b>3a</b> and <b>10</b>–<b>16</b>) were isolated from the stems of <i>Syringa pinnatifolia</i>. The structures were established using IR, UV, MS, and NMR data. The absolute configurations of the new compounds were resolved by X-ray diffraction, a modification of Mosher’s method, and experimental and calculated ECD data analysis. The new sesquiterpenoids represent three skeletons: a rare 2,2,5,9-tetramethylbicyclo[6.3.0]-undecane (<b>1</b>), a humulane-type (<b>2</b>–<b>8</b>), and a caryophyllene-type (<b>9</b>) skeleton. Compounds <b>6a</b>, <b>7</b>, and <b>11</b> showed protective effects against hypoxia-induced injury to H9c2 cells at a concentration of 40 μM, and <b>5</b>–<b>7</b>, <b>11</b>, and <b>13</b> inhibited NO production in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophage cells with IC₅₀ values ranging from 13.6 to 70.6 μM. These compounds decreased the TNF-α and IL-6 levels in RAW264.7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner at 20–80 μM

Bioactive Sesquiterpenoids from the Peeled Stems of <i>Syringa pinnatifolia</i>

Fourteen new sesquiterpenoids, alashanoids A–H (<b>1</b>, <b>2</b>, and <b>4</b>–<b>9</b>), (+)-2,9-humuladien-6-ol-8-one (<b>3b</b>), and five pairs of enantiomers (<b>1</b> and <b>4</b>–<b>7</b>), along with eight known analogues (<b>3a</b> and <b>10</b>–<b>16</b>) were isolated from the stems of <i>Syringa pinnatifolia</i>. The structures were established using IR, UV, MS, and NMR data. The absolute configurations of the new compounds were resolved by X-ray diffraction, a modification of Mosher’s method, and experimental and calculated ECD data analysis. The new sesquiterpenoids represent three skeletons: a rare 2,2,5,9-tetramethylbicyclo[6.3.0]-undecane (<b>1</b>), a humulane-type (<b>2</b>–<b>8</b>), and a caryophyllene-type (<b>9</b>) skeleton. Compounds <b>6a</b>, <b>7</b>, and <b>11</b> showed protective effects against hypoxia-induced injury to H9c2 cells at a concentration of 40 μM, and <b>5</b>–<b>7</b>, <b>11</b>, and <b>13</b> inhibited NO production in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophage cells with IC₅₀ values ranging from 13.6 to 70.6 μM. These compounds decreased the TNF-α and IL-6 levels in RAW264.7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner at 20–80 μM