Are Anti-Spit Tobacco Campaigns Striking Out? A Survey of Iowa and Nebraska College Baseball Players

This is the publisher's version, also available electronically from: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/greatplainsresearch/842Anti-spit tobacco information is replete with fear appeals, including firsthand accounts of death and debilitation, to make users aware of the health risks and dangers. Those dangers, however, are well known by baseball players whose association with spit tobacco is historic. A survey of 217 Iowa and Nebraska college players showed that despite their awareness of spit tobacco's dangers, the players use spit tobacco to relax and focus on the field. This study supports other research showing that fear appeals may not be the most appropriate approach for anti-tobacco advertising campaigns. The study suggests that campaigns should promote relaxation and stress reduction techniques as alternatives to spit tobacco

Are Anti-Spit Tobacco Campaigns Striking Out? A Survey of Iowa and Nebraska College Baseball Players

Anti-spit tobacco information is replete with fear appeals, including firsthand accounts of death and debilitation, to make users aware of the health risks and dangers. Those dangers, however, are well known by baseball players whose association with spit tobacco is historic. A survey of 217 Iowa and Nebraska college players showed that despite their awareness of spit tobacco\u27s dangers, the players use spit tobacco to relax and focus on the field. This study supports other research showing that fear appeals may not be the most appropriate approach for anti-tobacco advertising campaigns. The study suggests that campaigns should promote relaxation and stress reduction techniques as alternatives to spit tobacco

Formic Acid Oxidation on Palladium Electrodes - An Electrochemistry and ATR-SEIRAS Study

This chapter examines the range of sciences and technologies that converge around sports and the implications of this for issues of fairness and ethics. First, it outlines some of the recent scientific developments that speak to the convergence of disciplines pertinent to sports enhancements. Second, it considers the consequences of convergence within sport, inquiring into the practical ethical issues it provokes. Finally, it explores examples of technological effect in sport, which, collectively, articulate how far ranging are the many ways in which innovation converges on sports. In so doing, it provides a taxonomy of innovations which reveal the complexity of technological change in sports and the challenge of isolating artifice from nature