Thalassiolin D: a new flavone <i>O</i>-glucoside Sulphate from the seagrass <i>Thalassia hemprichii</i>

<p>Thalassiolin D, a new flavone <i>O</i>-glucoside sulphate along with three flavonoids, two steroids, <i>p</i>-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4,4′-dihydroxybenzophenone and nitrogen compound, octopamine were isolated from the seagrass <i>Thalassia hemprichii</i>, collected from the Saudi Red Sea coast. By extensive spectroscopic analysis including 1D and 2D NMR and MS data, the structure of the new compound was elucidated as diosmetin 7-<i>O</i>-β-glucosyl-2″-sulphate. The new compound displayed moderately <i>in vitro</i> antiviral HCV protease activity with IC₅₀ value 16 μM.</p

Phytochemical Compositions of Some Red Sea Halophyte Plants with Antioxidant and Anticancer Potentials

The aim of this study was to determine the compositions of carbohydrates, phenolic compounds, fatty acids (FAs), and amino acids (AAs) of four Rea Sea halophytes: Anabasis ehrenbergii, Suaeda aegyptiaca, Suaeda monoica, and Zygophyllum album. The results showed that S. aegyptiaca and S. monoica were rich in gallic acid with 41.72 and 47.48 mg/g, respectively, while A. ehrenbergii was rich in naringenin with 11.88 mg/g. The polysaccharides of the four species were mainly composed of galactose (54.74%) in A. ehrenbergii, mannose (44.15%) in S. aegyptiaca, glucose and ribose (33 and 26%, respectively) in S. monoica, and arabinose and glucose (36.67 and 31.52%, respectively) in Z. album. Glutamic acid and aspartic acid were the major AAs in all halophyte species with 50–63% and 10–22% of the total AAs, respectively. The proportion of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) of the four species was 42.18–55.33%, comprised mainly of linolenic acid (15.54–28.63%) and oleic acid (5.68–22.05%), while palmitic acid (23.94–49.49%) was the most abundant saturated fatty acid (SFA). Phytol and 9,19-cyclolanost-24-en-3β–ol represented the major unsaponifiable matter (USM) constituents of S. monoica and A. ehrenbergii with proportions 42.44 and 44.11%, respectively. The phenolic fraction of S. aegyptiaca and S. monoica demonstrated noteworthy antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 9.0 and 8.0 μg/mL, respectively, while the FAs fraction of Z. album exhibited potent cytotoxic activity against Huh-7, A-549, and Caco-2 cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 7.4, 10.8, and 11.8 μg/mL, respectively. Our results indicate that these plants may be considered a source of naturally occurring compounds with antioxidant and anticancer effects that could be suitable for future applications

<i>In vitro</i> inhibition of Hepatitis C virus protease and antioxidant by flavonoid glycosides from the Saudi costal plant <i>Sarcocornia fruticosa</i>

<p>A new flavonol triglycoside, rhamnazin 3-O-2^G-rhamnorutinoside or rhamnazin 3-<i>O</i>-(2″,6″-<i>O</i>-α-di-rhamnosyl)-β-glucoside (<b>1</b>) was isolated along with known flavonols, rhamnazin 3-<i>O</i>-rutinoside (<b>2</b>), rhamnazin 3-<i>O</i>-(6″-<i>O</i>-α-rhamnosyl)-β-galactoside (<b>3</b>), isorhamnetin 3-<i>O</i>-(6″-<i>O</i>-α-rhamnosyl)-β-galactoside (<b>4</b>), isorhamnetin 3-<i>O</i>-(2″,6″-<i>O</i>-α-di-rhamnosyl)-β-galactoside (<b>5</b>), and isorhamnetin (<b>6</b>), and allantoin (<b>7</b>) from the aqueous methanol extract of <i>Sarcocornia fruticosa</i> leaves. Spectral analyses (UV, MS, and NMR) and acid hydrolysis were used to determine the structures. These compounds in this study except <b>6</b> were reported for the first time from the genus <i>Sarcocornia</i>. The extract and flavonol glycosides (<b>1–5</b>) were evaluated for antioxidant and inhibition of HCV protease enzyme. Rhamnazin triglycoside (<b>1</b>) was shown to have a potent HCV protease inhibitor with IC₅₀ value 8.9 μM, while isorhamnetin di- and triglycosides (<b>4</b> and <b>5</b>) were effectively scavenged DPPH radicals with IC₅₀ values 3.8 and 4.3 μM, respectively.</p

A new flavonoid C-glycoside from solanum elaeagnifolium with hepatoprotective and curative activities against paracetamol-induced liver injury in mice

A new fl avonoid C-glycoside, kaempferol 8-C-β-galactoside, along with twelve known glycosidic fl avonoids was isolated from the aqueous methanolic extract of Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. (Solanaceae), by conventional chromatographic methods; their structure elucidation was achieved using UV, ESI-MS, and NMR spectral analyses. Groups of six mice were administered S. elaeagnifolium extracts at 25, 50, and 75 mg/kg body weight (BW) prior to or post administration of a single dose of paracetamol (500 mg/kg BW). The extract showed signifi cant hepatoprotective and curative effects against histopathological and histochemical damage induced by paracetamol in liver. The extract also ameliorated the elevation in glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels. These fi ndings were accompanied by a nearly normal architecture of the liver in the treated groups, compared to the paracetamol control group. As a positive control, silymarin was used, an established hepatoprotective drug against paracetamol-induced liver injury. This study provides the fi rst validation of the hepatoprotective activity of S. elaeagnifolium.Peer Reviewe

Cytotoxic activity of alkyl benzoate and fatty acids from the red sea sponge <i>Hyrtios erectus</i>

<p>The chemical investigation of the methylene chloride fraction of marine sponge <i>Hyrtios erectus</i> led to the isolation of the known oxysterol (<b>2</b>) along with a new alkyl benzoate compound identified by spectroscopic methods (NMR and MS) as 4′-methylheptyl benzoate (<b>1</b>), whilst the <i>n</i>-butanol fraction afforded the known indole 3-carbaldehyde and β-carboline derivatives. Moreover, the hexane fraction was analysed by GC–MS for their fatty acids (FAs). A total of 17 FAs with chain lengths between 14 and 25 carbons were identified. Methyl-branched FAs are predominated suggesting the presence of bacterial symbionts in the <i>H. erectus</i> sponge. Furthermore, compounds <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> displayed significant cytotoxicity against breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) with IC₅₀ values of 2.4 and 3.8 μM, respectively, since compound <b>2</b> was also shown to have potent cytotoxic effect against hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG 2) with IC₅₀ value of 1.3 μM.</p