Agroforestry Systems in Cuba: Some Aspects of Animal Production

The silvopastoral systems, that nowadays constitute scientific achievements of the Grasses and Forages Research Station Indio Hatuey , have been developed from the results of investigations that were carried out since the 1980s, to improve the productivity of natural pastures through the introduction of valuable herbaceous species and tree legumes. Those investigations also determined the essential elements of pasture management such as the optimal stocking rates for low input systems and suitable methods of grazing to obtain sustainability of grasslands

Agroforestry Systems in Cuba: Some Aspects of Animal Production

The silvopastoral systems, that nowadays constitute scientific achievements of the Grasses and Forages Research Station “Indio Hatuey , have been developed from the results of investigations that were carried out since the 1980s, to improve the productivity of natural pastures through the introduction of valuable herbaceous species and tree legumes. Those investigations also determined the essential elements of pasture management such as the optimal stocking rates for low input systems and suitable methods of grazing to obtain sustainability of grasslands

Evaluation of productive indicators in crossbred does with a diet based on forage and homemade concentrate

Resumen Con el objetivo de evaluar el comportamiento productivo de conejas mestizas se utilizaron un total de 24 reproductoras, entre 10 y 18 meses de edad, con un peso promedio superior a los 3,0 kg durante cuatro meses. Las reproductoras consumieron una dieta constituida por: forraje de morera (Morus alba): 0,30 kg; caña (Saccharum officinarum) molida: 0,25 kg, glycine (Neonotonia wightii): 0,40 kg y pienso criollo: 0,06 kg. Las crías se pesaron al nacimiento, a los 20 y a los 45 días de edad. En las reproductoras se controló las crías nacidas vivas y destetadas por parto. Se obtuvo como promedio 6,4 gazapos vivos por parto con 0,054 kg de PV al nacimiento y se destetaron 5,4 crías a los 45 días de edad con un peso de 0,694 kg. Además, se encontró un 84,4% de supervivencia durante la etapa de lactación. La ganancia media diaria durante la lactancia fue de 0,014 kg/animal/día. Los resultados evidenciaron que con la dieta propuesta se obtuvieron indicadores productivos alentadores en reproductoras mestizas. Palabras clave: Comportamiento, conejo, forraje verde, piensos Abstract With the objective of evaluating the productive performance of crossbred does, a total of 24 animals were used, between 10 and 18 months old, with average weight higher than 3,0 kg, during four months. The does ate a diet constituted by mulberry (Morus alba) forage: 0,30 kg; ground sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum): 0,25 kg; glycine (Neonotonia wightii): 0,40 kg and homemade concentrate: 0,06 kg. The young rabbits were weighed at birth, 20 and 45 days after birth. In the does the offspring born alive and weaned per parturition, were controlled. As average, 6,4 live rabbits were obtained per parturition, with 0,054 kg LW at birth and 5,4 rabbits were weaned being 45 days old and weighing 0,694 kg. In addition, 84,4% survival was found during the lactation stage. The mean daily gain during lactation was 0,014 kg/animal/day. The results proved that with the proposed diet encouraging productive indicators were obtained in crossbred does

La gestión de la innovación y de la transferencia de tecnologías. Experiencia de la estación experimental "Indio Hatuey"

Cuban livestock, like the rest of Latin America needs innovative technologies that are sustainable in environmental, economic and technical productive, considering the definition of sustainable development provided by FAO (1990). Some of these technologies are silvopastoral systems and on the production, processing and conservation of fodder plant seed, developed by the Experimental Station of Pastures and Forages "Indio Hatuey" for livestock. Likewise, Cuba is a country with scarce energy resources and is forced to import nearly all the oil it needs to maintain its production. Therefore, a way for the country is the development of sustainable livestock production systems such as those mentioned above, which depend on local resources available. The country spends more than 2 500 000 hectares of pasture for livestock, but its low productivity is a problem that needs solving to produce enough milk and meat for a population that has been steadily increasing. Improved pastures in the mid-80's, reaching over 50% of the agricultural area of ​​livestock in the country, but currently only reach 19%. 58% is covered with natural grasses and by weeds, among which stand the smell and marabou, covering 39% of the total agricultural area of ​​grassland. No less important is also the high percentage who now occupy the espartillo and caguazo. At present, the soil fertility decreases and livestock as a result, biomass production of grasslands has declined and pastures have been degraded. This has serious consequences for the cattle industry, by reducing meat and milk yields and increased costs of animal production. The causes of this decline are many, among which include overgrazing, declining soil fertility, poor role played by herbaceous legumes in pastures, weed invasion, drought and erosion. The renewal and recovery of pastures should be the fundamental task to provide short to medium term, of a food base in sufficient quantity and quality to sustain the mass cattle and thus contribute effectively to the recovery livestock.La ganadería cubana, al igual que la del resto de Latinoamérica, necesita tecnologías novedosas que sean sostenibles desde los puntos de vista ambiental, socioeconómico y técnico–productivo, si se considera la definición de Desarrollo Sostenible brindada por la FAO (1990). Algunas de estas tecnologías son los Sistemas Silvopastoriles y la relativa a la producción, beneficio y conservación de semillas de plantas forrajeras, desarrolladas por la Estación Experimental de Pastos y Forrajes "Indio Hatuey" para la ganadería. Asimismo, Cuba es un país con escasos recursos energéticos y se ve obligada a importar casi todo el petróleo que necesita para mantener su producción. Por ello, una vía para el país lo constituye el desarrollo de sistemas sustentables de producción pecuaria como los mencionados anteriormente, que dependan de los recursos locales que estén disponibles. El país destina más de 2´500.000 hectáreas de pastizales para la ganadería, pero su baja productividad constituye un problema que es necesario solucionar para producir suficiente cantidad de leche y carne destinada a una población que ha ido en constante aumento. Los pastos mejorados, en la década de los años 80, llegaron a superar el 50% del área agrícola de la ganadería en el país, pero actualmente solo alcanzan el 19%. El 58% está cubierto por pastos naturales y por malezas, entre las que se destacan el aroma y el marabú, que cubren el 39% del área agrícola total de los pastizales. No menos importante es también el alto porcentaje que hoy ocupan el espartillo y el caguazo. En la actualidad la fertilidad de los suelos ganaderos decrece, y como consecuencia, la producción de biomasa de los pastizales ha disminuido y los pastos se han degradado. Esto ha traído serias consecuencias para la ganadería vacuna, al reducirse los rendimientos de leche y carne e incrementarse los costos de producción animal. Las causas de este deterioro son múltiples, entre las que se destacan el pastoreo excesivo, la disminución de la fertilidad del suelo, el pobre papel que han desempeñado las leguminosas herbáceas en los pastizales, la invasión de malezas, las sequías y la erosión. La renovación y la recuperación de los pastizales deben constituir la tarea fundamental para disponer, a corto y mediano plazo, de una base alimentaria en cantidad y calidad suficientes para sostener la masa bovina, y por ende, contribuir eficazmente a la recuperación de la ganadería

Psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory Short Form among divorced adults

The aim of this study was to develop and validate a Portuguese version of the Short Form of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI-SF). Using an online convenience sample of Portuguese divorced adults (N = 482), we confirmed the oblique five-factor structure of the PTGI-SF by confirmatory factor analysis. The results demonstrated the measurement invariance across divorce initiator status groups. Total score and factors of PTGI-SF showed good internal consistency, with the exception of the New Possibilities factor, which revealed an acceptable reliability. The Portuguese PTGI-SF showed a satisfactory convergent validity. In terms of discriminant validity, posttraumatic growth assessed by the Portuguese PTGI-SF was a distinct factor from posttraumatic psychological adjustment. These preliminary findings suggest the cultural adaptation and also psychometric properties of the present Portuguese PTGI-SF to measure posttraumatic growth after personal crisis

Recomendaciones para gestantes con diabetes: conclusiones del Consenso reunido por convocatoria del Comité de Diabetes y Embarazo de la SAD

La diabetes gestacional es una alteración de la tolerancia a la glucosa con severidad variable que comienza o es reconocida por primera vez durante el embarazo en curso. Esta definición es válida independientemente del tratamiento que requiera, de si se trata de una diabetes previa al embarazo que no fue diagnosticada, o si la alteración del metabolismo hidrocabonado persiste al concluir la gestación. El presente trabajo, realizado por Consenso en el Comité de Diabetes y Embarazo de la Sociedad Argentina de Diabetes, actualiza los criterios diagnósticos de la diabetes gestacional, así como también el tratamiento, seguimiento y control de la patología tanto durante la gestación, como en el parto y el puerperio.Fil: Faingold, María Cristina.Fil: Lamela, C..Fil: Gheggi, María Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Lapertosa, Silvia.Fil: Di Marco, Ingrid.Fil: Basualdo, María Natalia.Fil: Rovira, Marta Graciela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; ArgentinaFil: Jawerbaum, Alicia Sandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; ArgentinaFil: Glatstein, Lucia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; ArgentinaFil: López, C..Fil: Caamaño, A..Fil: Salcedo, L..Fil: Rodríguez, María Elena.Fil: Alvariñas J.

Locking bandwidth of two laterally coupled semiconductor lasers subject to optical injection

We report here for the first time (to our knowledge), a new and universal mechanism by which a two-element laser array is locked to external optical injection and admits stably injection-locked states within a nontrivial trapezoidal region. The rate equations for the system are studied both analytically and numerically. We derive a simple mathematical expression for the locking conditions, which reveals that two parallel saddle-node bifurcation branches, not reported for conventional single lasers subject to optical injection, delimit the injection locking range and its width. Important parameters are the linewidth enhancement factor, the laser separation, and the frequency offset between the two laterally-coupled lasers; the influence of these parameters on locking conditions is explored comprehensively. Our analytic approximations are validated numerically by using a path continuation technique as well as direct numerical integration of the rate equations. More importantly, our results are not restricted by waveguiding structures and uncover a generic locking behavior in the lateral arrays in the presence of injection

Typologies of post-divorce coparenting and parental well-being, parenting quality and children’s psychological adjustment

First published online: 30 October 2015The aim of this study was to identify post-divorce coparenting profiles and examine whether these profiles differentiate between levels of parents’ well-being, parenting practices, and children’s psychological problems. Cluster analysis was conducted with Portuguese heterosexual divorced parents (N = 314) to yield distinct postdivorce coparenting patterns. Clusters were based on parents’ self-reported coparenting relationship assessed along four dimensions: agreement, exposure to conflict, undermining/support, and division of labor. A three cluster solution was found and replicated. Parents in the highconflict coparenting group exhibited significantly lower life satisfaction, as well as significantly higher divorce-related negative affect and inconsistent parenting than parents in undermining and cooperative coparenting clusters. The cooperative coparenting group reported higher levels of positive family functioning and lower externalizing and internalizing problems in their children. These results suggested that a positive coparenting alliance may be a protective factor for individual and family outcomes after parental divorce