‘Engels’ Reviews of Capital Volume One’

Abstract In 1867 and 1868 Engels made a concerted attempt to promote and publicize Marx’s newly-published Capital Volume One by means of a range of reviews, either anonymously or under other names. What is most significant about the reviews is not the limited impact they had at the time, but rather the waste of time they involved. This paper will suggest that Marx, as much as Engels, was ultimately responsible for both their content and the efforts that were invested in them—efforts that could instead have been expended on better means of promoting the book. This could have helped avoid the development of the unwarranted reputation that Capital came to have for being a work of scientific socialism, from which all but the most learned readers should steer clear. Engels gave the impression in some of his own later works that they and those of Marx were interchangeable, but that his own were more readable. Kautsky also did much to cultivate that view. Nevertheless, it was Marx who had inadvertently allowed this process to be set in train. Engels’ portrayal of Marx’s theory was hugely influential but the reputation of Capital as a book which is too tedious for the uninitiated might have been avoided. Those readers of Capital who, influenced by Engels’ subsequent interpretation of Marx’s work, were wary of tackling Volume One as a complex scientific text would have been even more confused as they read through it carefully trying to find a theory of scientific socialism as extendable to the natural sciences. It is, indeed, a book with a particular social scientific method rather than a book about a method—the book uses such a method rather than presents one. As such it is, potentially, far more appealing to a relatively wide readership than is often portrayed. Indeed, a very different reputation might have been cultivated had Marx and Engels not focused so much time and energy on Engels’ reviews, written mostly from a detached bourgeois perspective. A focus, rather, on some very readable, stylistic and potentially influential arguments and features of the book could have helped make Capital Volume 1 a far more popular book. The unwarranted reputation of the book may well have been avoided

Ridge Coarsening in Evaporatively Driven Climbing Films

In thin-film mixtures of alcohol and water, differences in evaporation rates and surface tensions between the two liquids can cause what is known as Marangoni convection within the fluid. This can lead to the formation of interesting instabilities on the surface of the film, such as the commonly observed “wine tears” phenomenon. Similar instabilities are observed when an inclined plate is immersed in a water alcohol reservoir. In addition to the tears, small ridges can be observed where the thin-film along the side of the plate rejoins the larger reservoir. These ridges slowly drift to the side and merge with other ridges, coarsening into larger ones. Using lubrication theory, Hosoi and Bush developed a one-dimensional model of the ridge instability which takes into account gravity, capillarity and Marangoni stresses at the surface of the film and results in a fourth-order non-linear partial differential equation describing the height of the ridges as a function of time and position along the plate. Two different but complementary numerical models were implemented to solve their equation. Both models are able to show development of ridges from random initial conditions as well as lateral ridge movement and coarsening. In addition to the numerical approaches some analysis was done on the equation to gain further insight into the nature of the ridge coarsening

Characterizing the modulation of mGluR5 in a 6-OHDA-induced rat model of Parkinson's disease

Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Science and Engineering, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 26-27).MicroPET imaging studies were conducted to investigate the role of metabotropic glutamate subtype-5 receptors (mGluR5) in Parkinson's disease (PD). Four analogical PET ligands were used to characterize modulation of mGluR5 function in a 6hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) induced rat model of PD. Unilateral 6-OHDA lesions were made in the right medial forebrain bundle, and severity of these lesions was determined with [¹¹]CFT. The binding characteristics of the PET ligands were analyzed using a modified distribution volume method of the Logan reference region model. Binding potential values were calculated on the striatum, hippocampus, and cortex, using the cerebellum as a reference tissue. On the right (with lesion) side of the striatum, ["C]CFT binding decreased. Three of the four investigated mGluR5 ligands ([¹¹C]MPEP, [¹¹C]M-PEPy, and [¹¹C]MMPEP) also showed enhanced binding characteristics on the same side of the brain. The right hippocampus and cortex showed similar results. The mGluR5s' enhanced binding characteristics on the right side of the brain suggest a complementary and compensatory role of metabotropic glutamate receptors in the dopaminergic neurodegeneration of Parkinson's disease.by Peter Lamb.S.B

Fulfilling Lives: Supporting people with multiple needs, Evaluation Report, Year 1

This report is prepared for the Big Lottery Fund (the Fund) by the national evaluationteam and provides emerging findings and lessons learned from the first year of thenational evaluation of the Fulfilling Lives: Supporting people with multiple needsinitiative hereafter referred to as Fulfilling Lives (multiple needs).The national evaluation has been designed to determine the degree to which the initiativeis successfully achieving its aims and how they are being achieved. The evaluation will beboth formative and summative in nature, in that, it will inform the ongoing design and delivery of Fulfilling Lives (multiple needs) and its component projects as well as assessoverall achievements and value for money to inform future decision and policy making.Within this context, the evaluation has a number of objectives:— To track and assess the achievements of the initiative and to estimate the extent to whichthese are attributable to the projects and interventions delivered.— To calculate the costs of the projects and the corresponding value of benefits to theexchequer and wider society. This will enable an assessment of value for money of theprogramme and for individual interventions.— To identify what interventions and approaches work well, for which people, families andcommunities and in which circumstances and contexts.— To assess the extent to which the Big Lottery Fund's principles are incorporated into projectdesign and delivery and to determine the degree to which these principles affect successfuldelivery and outcomes.— To explore project implementation, understand problems faced and to facilitate theidentification of solutions and lessons learned

Solospun : the long staple weavable singles yarn

SolospunTM is a spinning technology which provides the means to produce a singles yarn that can be successfully woven as either warp or weft. The technology is a versatile and cost effective alternative to two-folding, Sirospun or sizing. It offers significant benefits in terms of efficiency and productivity. SolospunTM is a simple, inexpensive, clip-on attachment for the spinning of long staple, weavable singles yarns. The technology is the result of a joint development between CSIRO Textile and Fibre Technology, The Woolmark Company and WRONZ and was commercially released in 1998. It is now successfully operating in worsted mills worldwide. The SolospunTM hardware consists of a pair of rollers held in a bracket, which is clipped onto the front of the pendulum-drafting arm. Each roller is positioned immediately below, and parallel to, each top front draft roller where it interacts with the emerging drafted fibre strand before twist insertion. The roller-fibre interaction subtly changes the structure of the yarn, which dramatically increases its abrasion resistance. This allows Solospun yarns to be woven without twofolding or sizing, providing significant cost savings. Depending on fabric structure, weaving performance is equivalent to that of conventional two-fold yarns. Fabrics woven from SolospunTM yarns are of good quality and appearance. Some aspects, including preferred hand and FAST results, are equal or superior to two-fold yarn fabrics. As with compact and condensed spinning, SolospunTM offers significant reductions in yarnhairiness. However, Solospun can be simply implemented on existing spinning frames and goes much further by making the singles yarns weavable.<br /

Use of Self Organizing Maps in Technique Analysis

This study looked at the coordination patterns of four participants performing three different basketball shots from different distances. The shots selected were the three-point shot, the free throw shot and the hook shot; the latter was included to encourage a phase transition between shots. We hypothesised lower variability between the three-point and free throw shots compared to the hook shot. The study uses Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) to expose the non-linearity of the movement and to try to explain more specifically what it is about the coordination patterns that make them different or similar. The SOM proved to draw the researcher\u27s attention to aspects of the movement that were not obvious from a visual analysis of the original movement either viewed from video or as computer animation. A speculative link between the observational learning literature on the importance of the kinematics of distal segments in skill acquisition and the visual information a coach or analyst may rely on for qualitative technique analysis was made. Although making the distinction between the three shooting conditions was meant to be a trivial exercise, in many cases for this dataset the SOM output and the natural inclination of the movement analyst did not agree: the SOM may provide a more objective method for explaining movement patterning

TECHNIQUE CHANGES ACROSS MAXIMAL AND SUBMAXIMAL INTENSITIES IN FAST BOWLERS: IMPLICATIONS FOR ESTIMATING WORKLOAD

The purpose of this study was to determine which technique characteristics were associated with release speed when bowlers prescribed to maximal and submaximal intensities and compare these to the characteristics associated with the fastest bowlers. Elite and sub-elite, male fast bowlers (n=8) bowled one over each at 60%, 80% and 100% intensity in a randomised order and repeated this across two sessions. When bowling faster, bowlers tended to decrease BFC-FFC duration (R=0.63) and had a higher resultant angular velocity (R=0.59) and acceleration (R=0.55) of the non-bowling arm. Meanwhile, the fastest bowlers tended to have the shortest FFC-BR durations (R=0.66). Both inter- and intra-individual variation in technique should be considered when trying to improve performance or monitoring fast bowling workload across a range of intensities

Coproporphyria

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Review of the green consumers\u27 perception formation about the environmentally safe products

This study examines the influence of various factors on the green purchase intention of customers in Australia. A conceptual model has been proposed and was subjected to empirical verification with the use of a survey of metropolitan and regional households in Victoria. The results indicate that corporate perception with respect of companies not placing higher priority on reducing pollution than increasing profitability was the significant predictor of customers&rsquo; negative overall perception toward environmentally safe products. The only positive contribution to customers&rsquo; perceptions was their past experience with the product. Other factors including the perception of environmentally safe products, product labels, and regulatory protection did not appear to influence customers&rsquo; perceptions. The results also suggest that customers are not tolerant of lower quality and higher prices of environmentally safe products. The present findings provide an understanding of the antecedents of green purchasing and highlight that green customers rely more on personal experience with the product rather than the information provided by the marketer.<br /

An empirical study on the influence of environmental labels on consumers

Purpose - Despite research studies indicating strong support for labelling information, uncertainty remains with respect to how labels influence consumers. This paper attempts to empirically investigate how consumers who differ in terms of environmentalism respond to labels.Design/methodology/approach - The data were collected on an Australian sample using a structured questionnaire administered on the phone using quantum research (CATI) data collection services. A total of 155 questionnaires were completed and used for data analysis. The data were analysed using both descriptive measures and correlations between variables.Findings - There appears to be a proportion of consumers that find product labels hard to understand. The research found that there are consumers who will buy green products even if they are lower in quality in comparison to alternative products, but would look for environmental information on labels. With respect to price sensitive green consumers, there appears to be a relationship between price sensitivity and \u27always\u27 reading labels as well as indicating that there is \u27sufficient\u27 information on product labels to make informed purchase decisions.Research limitations/implications - It was beyond the scope of the research to account for some of the utilitarian approaches to interpretation or in-depth comprehension of label information. The sample size of 155, although selected using a probability method, may, to some extent, limit the overall accuracy of the results.Practical implications - Offers some important information on different green consumer segments that would alert managers on how best to position environmental labels. Findings such as \u27Satisfied with labels\u27 correlates with \u27Labels are accurate\u27, which suggests that businesses need to provide a clear, accurate and easily legible label design to encourage satisfaction with the accuracy of content and the communication aspects of a label.Originality/value - Contributes to better understanding of green customers purchase intentions and the usefulness of ecological product labels. It offers some insights and assistance to businesses in planning their green product/labelling strategies.<br /