29,687 research outputs found
Positivity-preserving H∞ model reduction for positive systems
This is the post-print version of the Article - Copyright @ 2011 ElevierThis paper is concerned with the model reduction of positive systems. For a given stable positive system, our attention is focused on the construction of a reduced-order model in such a way that the positivity of the original system is preserved and the error system is stable with a prescribed H∞ performance. Based upon a system augmentation approach, a novel characterization on the stability with H∞ performance of the error system is first obtained in terms of linear matrix inequality (LMI). Then, a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a desired reduced-order model is derived accordingly. Furthermore, iterative LMI approaches with primal and dual forms are developed to solve the positivity-preserving H∞ model reduction problem. Finally, a compartmental network is provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed techniques.The work was partially supported by GRF HKU 7137/09E
The Effect of Rapid Thermal Annealing on InAs/GaAs Quantum Dot Solar Cells
The effect of post-growth annealing on InAs/GaAs quantum dot solar cells (QDSCs) has been studied. A significant improvement in photoemission, photocurrent density, and spectral response has been observed with post-growth annealing. The optimal anneal temperature was found to be 700°C, which lead to an 18% improvement in current density from 4.9 mA cm-2 for as-grown sample to 5.8 mA cm-2. We assign this enhanced performance to the reduced density of inherent point defects that was formed at the quantum dot (QD) and GaAs barrier. Post-growth thermal anneal treatment of QDSCs is demonstrated as a simple route for achieving improved device performance
Real time demonstration of high bitrate quantum random number generation with coherent laser light
We present a random number generation scheme that uses broadband measurements
of the vacuum field contained in the radio-frequency sidebands of a single-mode
laser. Even though the measurements may contain technical noise, we show that
suitable algorithms can transform the digitized photocurrents into a string of
random numbers that can be made arbitrarily correlated with a subset of the
quantum fluctuations (high quantum correlation regime) or arbitrarily immune to
environmental fluctuations (high environmental immunity). We demonstrate up to
2 Gbps of real time random number generation that were verified using standard
randomness tests
Magnification Bias Corrections to Galaxy-Lensing Cross-Correlations
Galaxy-galaxy or galaxy-quasar lensing can provide important information on
the mass distribution in the Universe. It consists of correlating the lensing
signal (either shear or magnification) of a background galaxy/quasar sample
with the number density of a foreground galaxy sample. However, the foreground
galaxy density is inevitably altered by the magnification bias due to the mass
between the foreground and the observer, leading to a correction to the
observed galaxy-lensing signal. The aim of this paper is to quantify this
correction. The single most important determining factor is the foreground
redshift z: the correction is small if the foreground galaxies are at low
redshifts but can become non-negligible for sufficiently high redshifts. For
instance, we find that for the multipole l=1000, the correction is above
1%*(5s-2)/b for z<0.37, and above 5%*(5s-2)/b for z<0.67, where s is the number
count slope of the foreground sample, and b its galaxy bias. These
considerations are particularly important for geometrical measures, such as the
Jain and Taylor ratio or its generalization by Zhang et al. Assuming
(5s-2)/b=1, we find that the foreground redshift should be limited to z<0.45 in
order to avoid biasing the inferred dark energy equation of state w by more
than 5%, and that even for a low foreground redshift (< 0.45), the background
samples must be well separated from the foreground to avoid incurring a bias of
similar magnitude. Lastly, we briefly comment on the possibility of obtaining
these geometrical measures without using galaxy shapes, using instead
magnification bias itself.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures; v2: minor revisions, as accepted for publication
in Physical Review
Surface diffusion coefficients for room acoustics : free-field measures
A surface diffusion coefficient is needed in room acoustics to enable the quality of diffusing surfaces to be evaluated. It may also facilitate more accurate geometric room acoustic models. This paper concentrates on diffusion coefficients derived from free-field polar responses. An extensive set of two- and three-dimensional measurements and predictions was used to test the worth of different diffusion coefficient definitions. The merits and problems associated with these types of coefficients are discussed, and past parameters reviewed. Two new coefficients are described. The new measure based on the autocorrelation function is forwarded as the best free-field coefficient. The strengths and weaknesses of the coefficient are defined. © 2000 Acoustical Society of America
Recovery of continuous wave squeezing at low frequencies
We propose and demonstrate a system that produces squeezed vacuum using a
pair of optical parametric amplifiers. This scheme allows the production of
phase sidebands on the squeezed vacuum which facilitate phase locking in
downstream applications. We observe strong, stably locked, continuous wave
vacuum squeezing at frequencies as low as 220 kHz. We propose an alternative
resonator configuration to overcome low frequency squeezing degradation caused
by the optical parametric amplifiers.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure
An experimental investigation of criteria for continuous variable entanglement
We generate a pair of entangled beams from the interference of two amplitude
squeezed beams. The entanglement is quantified in terms of EPR-paradox [Reid88]
and inseparability [Duan00] criteria, with observed results of and , respectively. Both results clearly beat the standard quantum
limit of unity. We experimentally analyze the effect of decoherence on each
criterion and demonstrate qualitative differences. We also characterize the
number of required and excess photons present in the entangled beams and
provide contour plots of the efficacy of quantum information protocols in terms
of these variables.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
The Evolution of Bias - Generalized
Fry (1996) showed that galaxy bias has the tendency to evolve towards unity,
i.e. in the long run, the galaxy distribution tends to trace that of matter.
Generalizing slightly Fry's reasoning, we show that his conclusion remains
valid in theories of modified gravity (or equivalently, complex clustered dark
energy). This is not surprising: as long as both galaxies and matter are
subject to the same force, dynamics would drive them towards tracing each
other. This holds, for instance, in theories where both galaxies and matter
move on geodesics. This relaxation of bias towards unity is tempered by cosmic
acceleration, however: the bias tends towards unity but does not quite make it,
unless the formation bias were close to unity. Our argument is extended in a
straightforward manner to the case of a stochastic or nonlinear bias. An
important corollary is that dynamical evolution could imprint a scale
dependence on the large scale galaxy bias. This is especially pronounced if
non-standard gravity introduces new scales to the problem: the bias at
different scales relaxes at different rates, the larger scales generally more
slowly and retaining a longer memory of the initial bias. A consistency test of
the current (general relativity + uniform dark energy) paradigm is therefore to
look for departure from a scale independent bias on large scales. A simple way
is to measure the relative bias of different populations of galaxies which are
at different stages of bias relaxation. Lastly, we comment on the possibility
of directly testing the Poisson equation on cosmological scales, as opposed to
indirectly through the growth factor.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures. References added. Accepted for publication in
Physical Review
Harmonic entanglement with second-order non-linearity
We investigate the second-order non-linear interaction as a means to generate
entanglement between fields of differing wavelengths. And show that perfect
entanglement can, in principle, be produced between the fundamental and second
harmonic fields in these processes. Neither pure second harmonic generation,
nor parametric oscillation optimally produce entanglement, such optimal
entanglement is rather produced by an intermediate process. An experimental
demonstration of these predictions should be imminently feasible.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
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