Structure and variability in the corona of the ultrafast rotator LO Peg

Low-mass ultrafast rotators show the typical signatures of magnetic activity and are known to produce flares, probably as a result of magnetic reconnection. As a consequence, the coronae of these stars exhibit very large X-ray luminosities and high plasma temperatures, as well as a pronounced inverse FIP effect. To probe the relationship between the coronal properties with a spectral type of ultra-fast rotators with rotation period P < 1d, we analyse the K3 rapid-rotator LO Peg observed with XMM-Newton and compare it with other low-mass rapid rotators of spectral types G9-M1. We investigate the temporal evolution of coronal properties like the temperatures, emission measures, abundances, densities and the morphology of the involved coronal structures. We find two distinguishable levels of activity in the XMM-Newton observation of LO~Peg, which shows significant X-ray variability both in phase and amplitude, implying the presence of an evolving active region on the surface. The X-ray flux varies by 28%, possibly due to rotational modulation. During our observation, a large X-ray flare with a peak X-ray luminosity of 2E30 erg/s and an energy of 7.3E33 erg was observed. At the flare onset we obtain clear signatures for the occurrence of the Neupert effect. The flare plasma also shows an enhancement of iron by a factor of 2 during the rise and peak phase of the flare. Our modeling analysis suggests that the scale size of the flaring X-ray plasma is smaller than 0.5 R_star. Further, the flare loop length appears to be smaller than the pressure scale height of the flaring plasma. Our studies show that the X-ray properties of the LO~Peg are very similar to those of other low-mass ultrafast rotators, i.e., the X-ray luminosity is very close to saturation, its coronal abundances follow a trend of increasing abundance with increasing first ionisation potential, the so-called inverse FIP effect.Comment: 11 pages, 15 figures and 4 tables. Accepted for publication by Astronomy and Astrophysic

X-ray emission from the super-Earth host GJ 1214

Stellar activity can produce large amounts of high-energy radiation, which is absorbed by the planetary atmosphere leading to irradiation-driven mass-loss. We present the detection and an investigation of high-energy emission in a transiting super-Earth host system, GJ 1214, based on an XMM-Newton observation. We derive an X-ray luminosity LX=7.4E25 erg/s and a corresponding activity level of log(LX/Lbol)~ -5.3. Further, we determine a coronal temperature of about -3.5 MK, which is typical for coronal emission of moderately active low-mass stars. We estimate that GJ 1214 b evaporates at a rate of 1.3E10 g/s and has lost a total of ~2-5.6 MEarth.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, published in APJ

Primary Education in India: A Case Study of Government- Run Primary Schools in Rudraram

In India, we have three different types of schools, namely schools that follow state syllabus, schools that follow central syllabus and schools that follow International curriculum.  Hence, at any class level, we end up with students who have different levels of academic knowledge.  Coming to the rural villages, students who come from economically backward classes are obliged to opt for Government run schools due to their financial constraints.  The Government run schools teach in vernacular medium.  The present paper deals with the limitations of Government run schools in terms of performance when compared to Central Board schools and International curriculum schools.   For the purpose of present case study, the Mandal Parishad Primary school and Zilla Parishad Primary school in Rudraram, Patancheru Mandal in Andhra Pradesh State are considered.  The students in Zilla and Mandal Parishad Primary schools are basically from a weak economic background.  Students of these schools are beleaguered with linguistic, social, and financial problems.  Teachers who teach in these Parishad Primary schools should keep these facts in mind while teaching the students.    These Parishad Primary schools need teachers who not only can teach the subject to the students but also who are aware of the problems that students face in their daily lives so that the teachers can motivate them to excel and exceed in academics.  The present study deals with various factors that influence the performance of students in Zilla and Mandal Parishad Primary schools.  The study is carried out with the aim to call attention to the issues that hinder the progress of students.  These concerns can be identified and addressed by proper channels so that the Parishad Primary School students can emerge as competent individuals on par with students from schools run by Central Government and private sector.  The paper expounds that the society also has a major role to play in the improvement of Zilla Parishad Primary schools.  Instead of depending upon the Government alone for financial aid, society should come forward to improve rural education as these students are a part of future India. Keywords: Zilla Parishad Primary school, Mandal Parishad Primary school, rural education and Primary school education

Study of association of respiratory viruses in the etiology of acute lower respiratory tract infections in children and correlation with clinical and laboratory features: role of emerging new viruses

Background: Viruses are one of the major causes of childhood pneumonia with the respiratory syncytial virus getting great attention as an important organism for pneumonia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Paediatrics, Sree Gokulam Medical College and Research Foundation, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala from May 2022 TO November 2022. 119 children admitted with lower respiratory tract infections were included in this study. Symptoms, signs, and investigation reports including PCR and clinical course in the hospital were recorded. Results: 25% of children were in the age group less than 1 year, 52% were between 1-5 years and 23% were above 5 years. Viruses were isolated in 82 patients (68.9%). The main viruses were respiratory syncytial virus (23.5%), boca virus (16.14%), influenza A (7.5%), influenza B (4.2%), meta pneumonia virus (3.3%), and para influenza virus (2.5%). Patients with boca virus infections had a more severe clinical course. Conclusions: Molecular testing with PCR along with clinical and lab parameters will help us to have more insights into the etiology and clinical presentation of respiratory infections in children and help us to do optimum management avoiding unnecessary antibiotic usage

Quotient Energy of Zero Divisor Graphs And Identity Graphs

إذا اعتبرنا ان (p,q) هورسم البياني المتصل البسيط    مجموع القيم المطلقة لسلسلة مصفوفة الحاصل في الرسم البياني تشكل الرسم البياني لطاقة الحاصل. الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو فحص طاقة حاصل الرسوم البيانية للمطابقة والرسوم البيانية القاسم الصفري للحلقات التبادلية باستخدام نظرية المجموعة ونظرية الرسم البياني، والتطبيقات. في هذه الدراسة، يتم فحص الرسوم البيانية للمطابقة المشتقة من المجموعة وفئات قليلة من الرسوم البيانية لقاسم الصفر للحلقة التبادلية R.Consider the (p,q) simple connected graph . The sum absolute values of the spectrum of quotient matrix of a graph  make up the graph's quotient energy. The objective of this study is to examine the quotient energy of identity graphs and zero-divisor graphs  of commutative rings using group theory, graph theory, and applications. In this study, the identity graphs  derived from the group  and a few classes of zero-divisor graphs  of the commutative ring R are examined

High performance thin-layer chromatography and in vitro cytotoxic studies on ethanol extract of Matricaria chamomilla L (Asteraceae) flowers

Purpose: To develop a high performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC procedure for quantitation of apigenin in ethanol extract of Matricaria chamomilla (Babunaj) flowers, and to evaluate the extract for in vitro cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 cell lines. Methods: Quantification of apigenin was carried out using a CAMAG TLC system. A combination of toluene, ethyl acetate and formic acid (4.5:3.5:0.2 v/v/v) was used as mobile phase, with densitometry detection at 336 nm. The HPTLC procedure was subjected to validation as per ICH guidelines. The cytotoxicity of the extract was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Results: A sharp apigenin band at Rf of 0.51 was obtained, and the content of apigenin in the extract was 0.062 % w/w. The detection limit (LOD) and quantification limit (LOQ) were 0.19 and 0.57 ng/band, respectively. MTT assay results indicate that M. chamomilla was cytotoxic to Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) cells, with half-maximal concentration (IC50) of 74 µg/mL. Conclusion: The developed HPTLC method is linear, precise, accurate and specific for the determination of apigenin. M. chamomilla exerts cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 cell line via induction of apoptosis

Improvement of Voltage Profile through the Optimal Placement of FACTS Using L-Index Method

In this paper an IEEE standard test system is considered and it is tested using Newton-Raphson method with the help of MATLAB. The voltage magnitudes of each bus are examined and the corresponding weak bus is incorporated with FACTS such as SVC and TCSC. The optimal placement of FACTS can be identified using L-Index method. The value of L-index which approach unity implies that it reaches to instability. From this instability point the system stability is improved during steady state and Fault conditions. The disturbance is created in the system by changing the Load Reactive Power at a particular Bus.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v4i2.513

Salmonella choleraesuis subsp. indica serovar bornheim causing urinary tract infection

An unusual Salmonella species, S. choleraesuis subsp. indica serovar bornheim, was isolated from the urine of a patient with aplastic anemia, diabetes mellitus, and a healed urethral injury. An immune response to this isolate was demonstrated by whole-bacterial-cell agglutination

Comparison of different culture media and storage temperatures for the long-term preservation of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the tropics

Objective: The preservation of Streptococcus pneumoniae by standard freezing methods for subsequent tests- such as serotyping and antibiotic susceptibility-is not possible or is difficult in many developing countries because of the high cost of equipment, inadequate equipment maintenance, and irregular power supply. We evaluated alternative low-cost methods, by comparing different culture media and storage temperatures. Methods: Clinical isolates of five capsular types (1, 5, 7, 19, and 23) of S. pneumoniae were preserved in rabbit blood, sheep blood, skimmed milk, or glycerol-chocolate broth, and stored at -20 °C or -70 °C. The cultures were also preserved by lyophilization or sand desiccation, followed by storage at room temperature and 4 °C. The viability of the preserved cultures was determined by making serial colony counts on day 0 and after 1 week, 4 weeks, 4 months and 16 months. The viability of cultures preserved by sand desiccation and storage at 4 °C was also determined every 6 months for up to 68 months. Findings: Irrespective of the media used, cultures maintained at -20 °C became nonviable by the fourth month, while those maintained at -70 °C were still viable at 16 months. Cultures preserved by lyophilization or sand desiccation lost their viability by the fourth month when maintained at local room temperature (30-42 °C), but remained viable when stored at 4 °C for up to 68 months. Conclusions: Our results confirm that freezing at -70 °C, or lyophilization and storage at 4 °C are the ideal methods for the preservation of S. pneumoniae. In laboratories where lyophilization is not feasible, sand desiccation and storage at 4 °C offers an alternative low-cost method for the long-term preservation of S. pneumoniae