A STUDY ON DENITRIFICATION IN A FLUIDIZED BED BIOREACTOR

The work involves experimental investigation on biological denitrification in a fluidized bed reactor under anaerobic conditions using the microorganism Pseudomonas Stutzeri and plastic beads as fluidizing medium. The influence of various parameters like pH, initial nitrate concentration, Carbon/Nitrogen ratio, hydraulic retention time on nitrate-nitrogen removal rate from synthetic effluent prepared at the laboratory were studied in detail. The optimum operating conditions of pH, initial nitrate concentration, Carbon/Nitrogen ratio and flow rate obtained are 7.0–7.5, 15 mg/l, 1.5–2.0 and 4.41 x 10-5 m3/s respectively

Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of Coriander sativum Against Infectious Diarrhea

The preliminary phytochemical study and invitro antimicrobial activity of Coriander sativum (Apiaceae) was investigated against some pathogens isolated from patients with infectious diarrhea. The various solvents extract like aqueous, methanol, chloroform, petroleum ether and hexane were screened for antimicrobial activity against Enterotoxigenic E.coli, Enteropathogenic E.coli,, Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella entertidis, Shigella dysentriae, Shigella flexineri, Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis and Candida krusei isolated from diarrhoeal patients. The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the methanol extracts of the plant showed the presence of carbohydrates, flavonoids, aminoacids, steroids, sterols, saponins and tannins. The extracts were subjected for antimicrobial activity against at 200mg/ml concentration by disc diffusion method. The results of antimicrobial activity revealed that methanol extract of the plant exhibit good activity compared to chloroform and aqueous extracts to E.coli, Salmonella sp and Shigella sp. Petroleum ether and hexane extracts did not show any activity. None of extracts exhibits antifungal activity. The antimicrobial activities of extracts were compared with standard antibiotics

Preparation and Evaluation of Curcumin Invasomes

Curcumin has poor aqueous solubility and has bioavailability problems. Hence in the present study the solubility of curcumin was increased by complexing with cyclodextrin (CD) and Hydroxy propyl β cyclodextrin(HPβCD). This complex was incorporated in to invasomes and then into HPMC gel to prepare as a transdermal formulation. Curcumin cyclodextrin complexes were prepared by physical mixture and co-precipitation method. Different formulations of invasomes containing 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 % of limonene, fenchone, nerolidol  were prepared using mechanical dispersion technique. Invasomes were characterized for vesicular size, surface morphology, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency and percutaneous permeation. Formulations CHL1 and CHL2 were optimized for further studies. It was found in the study that complexation with HPβCD in 1:2 proportion prepared by co-precipitation method was found to bind 90% of curcumin. Invasomal preparation with 0.5% limonene, 4% ethanol was found to enhance permeation by 8.11 times the control. In vivo diffusion studies were conducted using franz diffusion cell, ex vivo skin permeation studies of CHL1 using rat abdominal skin showed cumulative drug permeated (Q24­) of 70.32 µg/cm2, steady state transdermal flux of 3.344 µg/cm2/hr-1, permeability coefficient of 5.35 cm/hr and lag time of 1 hr when compared with control formulation. From the results it was concluded that the solubility of curcumin was increased by complexing with HPβCD and invasomal preparation with 0.5% limonene has improved the permeation through the skin

Prediction of Chronic Kidney Disease using SVM and CNN

Chronic kidney disease is one of the deadliest diseases today and it is vital to have a good diagnosis as soon as possible. In medical treatment, machine learning has been reported to be effective. A doctor can diagnose the disease early by using machine learning classifier algorithms. This study investigated the chronic disease prognosis of this concept. Disease data was taken from the University of California, Irvine. Other measurement algorithms used in this study include C5.0, Chi-square automatic interaction detector, line extraction, SVM line with L1 and L2 flap, and neural network random tree. The database was also submitted to a feature selection program that merited the database. Scores are computer generated for each category segment using the following methods: Full Version, (ii) Link-Based Feature Selection, (iii) Folder Feature Selection, (iv) Minimal Collapse and Selected Optional Retrospective Features, (v) integrated small oversampling method with very small reduction features and selected bias on the selected operator, and (vi) how to do multiple samples combined with full functions. In the full multi-sample processing process, the findings show that L2-loaded LSVM has a very high accuracy of 96.86 percent. The graph shows the results of different methods, as well as precision, precision, recall, F-score, area under the curve, and GINI coefficient. The minimum absolute reduction and selection regression operation selected features using the synthetic minority oversampling approach produced the best results after using the synthetic minority oversampling method with full features. The support vector machine achieved a high accuracy of 96.46 percent in the process of making very large samples with very small turndowns and selected operator features. Machine learning methods used with convolutional neural networks and SVM classifier models on the same database, with 96.7 percent of high-definition support machine models and networks are used

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF STABILITY INDICATING RP-HPLC METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF ACLIDINIUM BROMIDE AND FORMOTEROL FUMARATE IN BULK AND INHALER FORMULATION

Objective: To develop a simple, accurate, precise, rapid and sensitive method for the simultaneous estimation of Formoterol fumarate and Aclidinium bromide in pharmaceutical dosage form. Methods: The chromatogram was run through Ascentis C18 150 x 4.6 mm, 5µ. Mobile phase containing Water: Acetonitrile taken in the ratio 60:40 was pumped through the column at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The temperature was maintained at 30 °C. The optimized wavelength selected was 220 nm. Results: The retention times of Formoterol fumarate and Aclidinium bromide were found to be 2.953 min and 2.364 min. %RSD of the Aclidinium bromide and Formoterol fumarate was found to be 0.6 and 0.9, respectively. %Recovery was obtained as 99.81 % and 100.20% for Aclidinium bromide and Formoterol fumarate, respectively. LOD, LOQ values obtained from the Signal-to-noise ratio of Aclidinium bromide and Formoterol fumarate were 0.84 µg/ml, 2.56 µg/ml and 0.01 µg/ml, 0.03µg/ml respectively. Regression equation of Formoterol fumarate is y =9023x+268.67, and y = 4661.2x+1941.9 of Aclidinium bromide. Retention times were decreased and that run time was decreased, so the method developed was simple, rapid, sensitive and economical that can be adopted in regular quality control tests in Industries. Conclusion: Developed and Validated Formoterol fumarate and Aclidinium bromide in pharmaceutical dosage form by using RP-HPLC method

Anti diabetic effect of ethanolic extract of leaves of Ocimum sanctum in alloxan induced diabetes in rats

Background: Diabetes mellitus refers to a group of common metabolic disorders that share the phenotype of hyperglycemia resulting from defects of reduced insulin secretion, decreased glucose utilization and increase in glucose production. It is estimated that there are currently 285 million people worldwide and this number is set to increase to 438 million by the year 2030. India has the highest number of patients with known diabetes worldwide, with a prevalence of 11.6%. The aim of the study was to evaluate the anti diabetic activity of ethanolic extract of leaves of plant Ocimum sanctum in alloxan induced diabetes in rats.Methods: The study was conducted on 4 groups of 6 rats each to evaluate the hypoglycaemic effect of ethanolic extract of Ocimum sanctum. Glibenclamide was used as a standard drug and the results were compared in reference to it. Tween 80 was given for both normal and diabetic control groups. The fasting blood sugar levels were recorded on 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 10th days by glucometer.Results: The results indicate that the test compound ethanolic extract of Ocimum sanctum has significant and sustained oral hypoglycaemic activity, comparable with the hypoglycaemic effect of glibenclamide, a sulfonylurea.Conclusion: The hypoglycaemic potential of the test compound is found to be comparable with that of the standard drug glibenclamide

Solitons in one-dimensional interacting Bose-Einstein system

A modified Gross-Pitaevskii approximation was introduced recently for bosons in dimension $d\le2$ by Kolomeisky {\it et al.} (Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 85} 1146 (2000)). We use the density functional approach with sixth-degree interaction energy term in the Bose field to reproduce the stationary-frame results of Kolomeisky {\it et al.} for a one-dimensional Bose-Einstein system with a repulsive interaction. We also find a soliton solution for an attractive interaction, which may be boosted to a finite velocity by a Galilean transformation. The stability of such a soliton is discussed analytically. We provide a general treatment of stationary solutions in one dimension which includes the above solutions as special cases. This treatment leads to a variety of stationary wave solutions for both attractive and repulsive interactions.Comment: Latex, 14 pages, No figur

Text Line Segmentation of Historical Documents: a Survey

There is a huge amount of historical documents in libraries and in various National Archives that have not been exploited electronically. Although automatic reading of complete pages remains, in most cases, a long-term objective, tasks such as word spotting, text/image alignment, authentication and extraction of specific fields are in use today. For all these tasks, a major step is document segmentation into text lines. Because of the low quality and the complexity of these documents (background noise, artifacts due to aging, interfering lines),automatic text line segmentation remains an open research field. The objective of this paper is to present a survey of existing methods, developed during the last decade, and dedicated to documents of historical interest.Comment: 25 pages, submitted version, To appear in International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition, On line version available at http://www.springerlink.com/content/k2813176280456k3

Morphological and biochemical factors associated with resistance to Maruca vitrata (Geyer) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in short duration pigeonpea

The spotted pod borer Maruca vitrata (Geyer) is known for its economic importance throughout its geographical distribution because of its destructive nature to reproductive parts of several grain legume crops including pigeonpea. In view of the importance of the pest, the present study was carried out on the association of different morpho-chemical traits with resistance/susceptibility to M. vitrata at the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, India. Trichome length and density, sugars, proteins and phenols were found to be associated with resistance to M. vitrata in short-duration pigeonpea genotypes. Pod damage by M. vitrata on different short-duration pigeonpea genotypes in the field ranged from 5.8 to 68%. Laboratory studies showed less consumption of food and reduced larval and pupal weights of M. vitrata when reared on the resistant genotypes ICPL 98003 and ICPL 98008 indicating antibiosis effects of the genotypes. Trichome density on upper and lower surfaces of the leaf (390 and 452/9 mm2), and length (3.5 mm) and trichome density (442/9 mm2) and length (5.9 mm) on pods were found positively correlated with the resistant genotype ICPL 98003. High sugar content in flowers (22%) and pods (10.6%) was responsible for the susceptibility of ICPL 88034, while high phenol concentration in flowers (6.5%) and pods (9.3%) in ICPL 98003 was responsible for resistance. Protein content in pods was significantly higher (25.5%) in susceptible ICPL 88034 when compared with resistant ICPL 98003 (16.5%). Based on these results, ICPL 98003 and ICPL 98008 were categorized as highly resistant and ICPL 98012 as moderately resistant. This paper discusses the physico-chemical traits associated with resistance to M. vitrata in short-duration pigeonpea genotypes