Genetic analysis of east and west coast populations of Penaeus monodon from India based on random amplified polymorphic DNA

The east and west coast populations of wild Penaeus monodon in India were genetically characterized by RAPD analysis using six highly polymorphic primers reported earlier. The average genetic similarities within populations, based on profiles generated by all the six primers, were 0.828 and 0.851 for the east and west coast populations, respectively, values with individual primers ranging from 0.744 to 0.889. The average genetic similarity between populations across all the primers was 0.774. The number of bands found to be polymorphic were 38 (51.35%) and 37 (50.68%) in the east and west coast populations, respectively. Primer 5 yielded the highest level of polymorphism (63.63%) in the east coast population whereas primer 3 yielded the lowest level of polymorphism (36.36%) in the west coast population. The study reveals the existence of genetic variation in P. monodon stocks providing scope for genetic improvement through selective breeding. It also provides baseline data for future work on population structure analysis of P. monodon

Performance analysis of IMC based cascade control system and comparative study of 1DF & 2DF IMC controller

In this project, performance analysis of IMC (Internal Model Control) based Cascade Control and comparative study of 1DF (One-Degree of Freedom) and 2DF (Two-Degree of Freedom) IMC controller has been discussed. Based on considerations about the expected operational modes of the inner loop as well as outer loop controller are selected from the 1DF and 2DF IMC control system. A design method for both 1DF and 2DF IMC systems have been designed with ideal models which provide the greatest probable performance compatible with noisy measurement for intrinsically stable processes. An important thing is that for designing of IMC controllers is the capability to show the time response of the loop transmission. The MATLAB and SIMULINK software has been used for designing of the 1FD and 2DF controllers, where the controllers and processes has been performed in the blocks. The 1DF control systems present the IMC design methods for intrinsically stable linear processes where the disturbance arrives directly into the process output. The 2DF control systems are used for stable processes or for inherently unstable processes where the disturbances proceeds over a lag or over a lag the process whose process time constants are in the order of lag time constants of the process or greater than the process lag time constant . In IMC cascade systems, to obtain the best set-point tracking and disturbance rejection the cascade control inner loop must be designed and tuned such as a 2DF controlle

Performance evaluation of generic routing protocols in mobile ad hoc networks

Mobile Ad hoc Network or MANET in short is a self-configuring and infrastructure-less network of mobile nodes or devices that are connected wirelessly. There is no local base yet every device in a MANET is allowed to move autonomously in any pattern, consequently changing its connection to different devices much of the time. Each must act as a router and forward traffic. Each device or node participating in a MANET forwards data for other nodes, so the nodes forwarding data are dynamically determined on the basis of network connectivity. Ad hoc networks can use flooding for forwarding data. Mobile Ad-hoc networks generally have a routable systems network environments on top of the link layer. The decentralized nature of mobile ad hoc systems makes it suitable for a mixture of applications where local nodes can't be depended on and can enhance the versatility of networks in correlation from managed wireless networks. In my thesis, I’ve evaluated and implemented mobile ad hoc protocols in NS2 simulator and compared the routing protocols under different network parameters. The following protocols have been taken from three different categories:- i) Reactive Routing – DSR, AODV ii) Hybrid Routing – ZR

Ornamental Fishes of the Western Ghats of India

India is blessed with a rich diversity of freshwater fishes both in the Western Ghats and North Eastern Hills. The Western Ghats of India is one of the 34 - biodiversity ‘hotspot’ areas of the world. The rate of endemism is well reflected in the case of lower vertebrates especially with regard to fishes. Of the 300 species of freshwater fishes in the Western Ghats, 155 are considered ornamental fishes, of which 117 are endemic to the Western Ghats (Gopalakrishnan & Ponniah, 2000). At present, only a small fraction of the endemic fish diversity is utilized in ornamental fish trade. All the ornamental fishes marketed in India are exotic. Eventhough there are quite a lot of indigenous fishes, having high potential as ornamental fishes, they have not been properly exploited. The fish fauna of the Western Ghats include variety of barbs, rasboras, killifishes, glassfishes, catfishes, catopra, hill trouts, and danios, which are ideal candidates for ornamental fish industry. They are exceptionally beautiful with a wide variety of bands, blotches, spots, and colourful fins on their body. In spite of the fact that the Western Ghats of India is a gold mine of endemic freshwater fishes suitable for the ornamental fish trade, no concerted efforts have so far been undertaken for the development of sustainable market for these resources. Lack of scientific information on these native aquatic fauna is the main reason for the poor performance of this sector

Blue revolution in India: Status and future perspectives

Fisheries and aquaculture development in India witnessed impressive growth in recent years. The country is rich in aquatic genetic resources distributed from deep sea to the cold Himalayan rivers sharing about 10% of the global aquatic biodiversity. The capture fisheries production in the country has more or less stabilised but the growth in inland aquaculture has been tremendous during the past three decades

Identification of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Markers in Endemic Yellow Catfish, Horabagrus brachysoma (Gunther 1864)

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was applied to individuals of Horabagrus brachysoma sampled from three geographic locations of Western Ghat river systems in India. Of the thirty-two 10-mer RAPD primers screened initially, ten were chosen and used in a comparative analysis of H. brachysoma collected from Chalakkudy, Meenachil and Nethravathi river systems. A total of 124 RAPD fragments were amplified, out of which 49 (39.51%) were found to be shared by individuals of all three river systems. The remaining 75 fragments were found to be polymorphic (60.48%). This confirms the suitability of RAPD markers for the study of population genetic structure in yellow catfish stocks

A record of anopthalmia in Mystus tengara (Hamilton, 1822) from Assam

An abnormal case of anopthalmia in a striped catfish Mystus tengara (66.8 mm in standard length) from Assam is reported in this communication. Thirty eight morphological characters of the abnormal specimen were also studied and compared with normal specimens to observe variation in the morpho-meristic traits, if any. In the abnormal specimen, the proportionate height of the dorsal fin (31.1 mm) and nasal barbel length (75.9 mm) was found to be higher compared to that of the normal specimens (21.6 – 26.5 mm and 47.9 – 72.5 mm, respectively). While the body depth of anus was higher in case of normal specimens (19.1 – 29.2 mm) compared to abnormal specimen (14.5 mm). However, no marked variation was observed in meristic characters. This anomaly does not seem to have affected morphological aspects. Factors like weed infestation, pesticide and herbicide application adversely affecting the habitat is believed to be the cause of such deformity. The abnormality does not seem to have affected the overall growth of the fish

Mitochondrial DNA (Cytochrome c oxidase I) sequencing of Indian marine mussels

Two species of marine mussels, the green mussel Perna viridis (Linnaeus, 1758) and the brown mussel Perna indica (Kuriakose and Nair, 1976) are found along the Indian coast. It had been suggested that P. indica, which occurs only along the Indian coast, is a synonym of the globally distributed Perna perna. Along the south-west coast of India, where both P. viridis and P. indica co-exist, a third type referred to as parrot mussel, which has shell shape of brown mussel and color of green mussel (suspected to be their hybrid/morphotype) also occurs. The present investigation is a preliminary attempt for resolving the taxonomic ambiguity among Indian marine mussel species using the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene. P. indica revealed 95% sequence similarity to P. perna. The sequence divergence between P. indica and parrot mussel was negligibly low (< 2%). Green mussel P. viridis showed 20.87% of sequence divergence with brown mussel P. indica as well as with the parrot mussel

Development and characterization of a fibroblastic-like cell line from caudal fin of the red-line torpedo, Puntius denisonii (Day) (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)

A fibroblastic-like cell line was established from the ornamental ¢sh, red-line torpedo (Puntius denisonii). The red-line torpedo fin (RTF) cell line is being maintained in Leibovitz’s L-15 mediumsupplementedwith 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) for over 1year at 28 1C on a continuous basis in normal atmosphere. The growth rate of RTF cells increased as the FBS proportion increased from 5% to 20% at 28 1C with optimum growth at the concentrations of 10% FBS. The morphology of RTF cell was predominantly fibroblastic like. Propagation of these cell lines was serum dependent, with a low plating efficiency (o15%). Karyotyping analysis of RTF cells at the 25th passage indicated that the modal chromosome number was 2n550. The cell line was cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen at �196 1C and could be recovered from storage after 6 months with good cell viability. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of a fragment of two mitochondrial genes, 16S rRNA and CO1, con¢rmed the identity of these cell lines with those reported from this animal species, confirming that the cell lines originated from P. denisonii. The bacterial extracellular products from Vibrio cholerae MTCC3904 and Aeromonas hydrophila were found to be toxic to RTF. The cell lines were not susceptible to viral nervous necrosis virus, a marine ¢sh virus

Electroslag remelting - Its status, mechanism and refining aspects in the production of quality steels

Electroslag remelting has been established as a new measure for the production of quality steels. Many properties of ESR steels are dramatically superior to those of conventionally produced steels. Majority of inclusions are eliminated during ESR depending on slag composition, temperature and melt rate. Usually, after ESR, the metal does not contain sany inclusion larger than 10-12 mm. The pronounced effect of ESR is a feasible and effective method of further enhancing the ductility and charpy U-notch toughness, with some improvement in strength as a result of refinement. ESR is a convenient and economic route for processing steels and alloys which are otherwise difficult to process