The study of the biocatalytic method of processing cellulose and lignin–containing raw materials

Studied the benefits of pretreatment with concentrated sulfuric acid cellulosolvens raw materials: peat and sawdust over other methods of chemical preprocessing with the purpose of obtaining D–glucose. The amount of reducing substances in prepared before samples was 30% for the peat and 26% for sawdust. In further carrying out the enzyme amount of reducing substances increased respectively to 40% and 34%. The obtained results of the integrated use of chemical and biocatalytic methods of hydrolysis of peat and wood shavings are promising for further studies on production of bioethanol from renewable sources

Study of the methods of extraction and identification of peat microorganisms for optimization of lignocellulose hydrolysis

Nowadays, the production of biofuel from renewable raw materials is the topical research field. As compared to fossil fuels, ethanol derived from plants is climate neutral and does not contribute to anthropogenic greenhouse effect. In the Tver region, peat is one of the raw materials that can be used for bioethanol production. Peat hydrolysates contain a wide range of sugars, which can be used in various industries. In this work, microorganisms found in peat soils were investigated and identified. Methods of sowing and microscopy were used to obtain specific information on the genus of soil microorganisms. During the work, soil microorganisms were isolated from peat, namely micromycetes of the genus Penicillium and Trichderma and actinomycetes of the genus Actinomyces and bacteria of the genus Bacillus. The hydrolytic destruction of the resulting culture liquid was further studied under the influence of the hydromodule. Quantitative analysis of the reaction mass was carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography

Structure and Catalytic Properties of Pt-Modified Hyper-Cross-Linked Polystyrene Exhibiting Hierarchical Porosity

The structural transformation and catalytic properties of metal/polymer nanocomposites derived from hypercross-linked polystyrene (HPS) exhibiting both microporosity and macroporosity, and filled with Pt nanoparticles, are investigated in the direct oxidation Of L-sorbose to 2-keto-L-gulonic acid. Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, anomalous small-angle X-ray scattering, and catalytic studies suggest that the catalytically active species, nanoparticles of mixed composition with a mean diameter of 1.6 nm, develop after the initial induction period. At the highest selectivity (96.8%) at 100% L-sorbose conversion, the catalytic activity is measured to be 2.5 x 10(-3) mol/mol Pt-s, which corresponds to a 4.6-fold increase in activity relative to the Pt-modified microporous HPS previously reported. This substantial increase in catalytic activity is attributed to the presence of macropores, which facilitate mass transport and, consequently, accessibility of the nanoparticle surface for reactants

Comparison of methanol to gasoline conversion in one-step, two-step, and cascade mode in the presence of H-ZSM-5 zeolite

In this report, three technological modes for methanol-to-gasoline reaction in the presence of H-ZSM-5 catalyst are compared: (i) direct methanol transformation to hydrocarbons; (ii) two-step (methanol-dimethyl ether-hydrocarbons); and (iii) cascade pathway. Light hydrocarbon gases (methane, ethylene, propylene, and isobutene) and liquid aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, xylene, cresol, durol, naphthalene, methylnaphthalene, ethyl naphthalene, isopropyl naphthalene, methyl isopropyl naphthalene, etc.) were found to be the main reaction products. The experimental results showed that the classical two-step methanol to gasoline (MTG) process nowadays remains the most effective for gasoline-range hydrocarbons production, while one-step and cascade schemes require further investigation and the development of reactor systems as well as the operating conditions. The product distribution of MTG synthesis after 120 h on stream in the case of two-step mode was found to be the following: liquid C6–C8 hydrocarbons – 23%; C1–C5 gaseous products – 65%; heavy C9–C12 hydrocarbons – 10%