Interpretation of genotype x environment interaction in perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l.)

The aim of this field study was to evaluate genotype x year interaction for spike length, 1000 seed weight, seed number per g and hectoliter mass in perennial ryegrass, using eight divergent genotypes across two growing seasons. Interaction was evaluated using AMMI (Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction) model. All traits schowed additive (genotype, year) and non additive (genotype x year interaction) variation. On the basis od AMMI1 biplot genotype G4 showed most stability for all examined traits, so it can be recommended for sowing in different environmental conditions. Also, the genotype G4 could be used in the creation of new local varieties of perennial ryegrass

Genetic variability for yield and yield components in Jerusalem artichoke (helianthus tuberosus l.)

Investigation of quantitative traits of Jerusalem artichoke populations was conducted on the experimental field of the Agricultural Institute of the Republic of Srpska in Banja Luka, during 2013 and 2014. The material was collected in the wider area of Republic of Srpska. The following populations were analyzed: Sibac, Modrica, Pivara, Lazarevo, Bosna, Vrbas, Gradigka and Aleksici. The trial was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The following parameters were analyzed: tuber weight (g), plant height (cm), stem number/plant, average stem thickness (cm), green mass yield/plant (kg), and dry mass yield/plant (kg). Average tuber weight ranged from 36.7 g (Bosna) to 61.0 g (Lazarevo). Plant height ranged from 1.55 m (Lazarevo) to 2.20 m (Aleksici). Stem number/plant varied from 2.2 (Aleksici) to 5.3 (Modrica). Stem thicknesswas between 1.24 cm (Bosna) and 2.11 cm (Aleksici). The population Bosna had the lowest average yield of green mass and dry mass yield/plant, while the highest mean value had population Aleksici. Broad sense heritability varied from 34.66% (plant height) to 50.99% (dry mass yield/plant). Highly significant positive correlations between plant height and stem thickness (r = 0.874), stem thickness and green mass yield (r = 0.919), stem thickness and dry mass yield (r = 0.902) were established. Jerusalem artichoke populations were clustered into two groups, and the first group was composed of two sub-groups.The results of these studies will allow choice of Jerusalem artichoke populations with better quantitative traits, and their inclusion in the program of creating new varieties

Recultivation of degraded soil due to mining activity without adding organic layers of soil using alfalfa and mixtures of grass legumes

The aim of this research was to examine the possibility of reparing the chemical properties of substrate and regenerating the vegetation of degraded soil due to mining activity without adding the fertile soil layer. The research was carried out in the period 2011-2013 on degraded soil of mine and thermal power plant Gacko. The experiment was placed on a landfill located in Srđevići. For these tests, grass-leguminous mixtures were used: I/G (alfalfa 70%, orchard grass 30%); II/G (alfalfa 70%, orchard grass 15%, tall oat-grass 15%); III/G (red clover 50%, italian rye-grass 50%); IV/G (alfalfa 30%, tall fescue 40%, smooth brome15%; orchard grass 15%) and alfalfa 100%. The following parameters were monitored and analyzed during the tests: mechanical soil composition, soil chemical properties, microelement content in the soil: Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu; the content of heavy metals in the soil: Pb, Ni, Cr, Cd, Hg, As, plant species presence in the mixture, soil cover with grass, yield of green mass by cuts and years, content of microelements and heavy metals in dry vegetable mass by cuts and influence of nitrate content of individual microelements and heavy metals in soil and dry mass of plants. Studies of the content of microelements and heavy metals in degraded soil showed that it contained Cd in significantly higher value than the permitted limit value. Other elements were within the limit values permitted for agricultural land. The content of Cd in 2011 was 5.1 mg kg-1 of soil, and in 2013 it was 4.5 mg kg-1 of soil. By analyzing the composition of the green matter in mixtures I/G, II/G and IV/G, it was found that orchard grass was predominantly present in relation to other constituents of the mixture. The III/G mixture was dominated by Italian rye-grass. The participation of other plant species in the mixture was extremely low. In the green mass of all mixtures, leguminous was represented in a small percentage. The largest soil cover with plants was achieved with the mixture IV/G (88.4%), which at the same time achieved the highest average yield of green mass. The determined values of the content of microelements and heavy metals in the dry mass were within the allowed limits. Nitrates influenced the reduction of Cu and Cr content in soil and Cd content in dry plant mass

Morphological characteristics of alfalfa genotypes tolerant to low soil ph

In total 76 varieties of alfalfa were collected and sown and 41 alfalfa genotypes showed tolerances to lower soil pH. The selected alfalfa genotypes are then sown in a test field on the soil that belongs to the type of brown soil on the gravel or the cambisol with the soil pH from 5.33 to 5.64. After 5 years, 10 genotypes were selected based on the agronomic properties and the experiment was set up on the soil with the pH from 5.0 to 5.1 in H2O. The following genotypes were used for these tests: G-2, G-11, G-19, G-34, G-39, G-44, G-48, G-51, G-53 and G-100. The following properties were observed: plant height (cm), number of stems per plant, stem thickness (mm), number of internodes per stem, leaf/stem ratio (%), yield of biomass in the I cut (g plant(-1)). During these tests, the highest degree of tolerance towards the lower soil pH was shown by the genotype G-44. Good results were achieved with alfalfa genotypes G-11 and G-48 where the percentage of survivors was over 80%. The highest average plant height during the three-year study (36.9 cm) was recorded in the genotype G-100. The high and stable yield of dry mass per plant have genotypes G-44 and G-19 and they are grouped in group I and are desirable for further breeding. Genotype and year have statistically significant and highly significant influence on the tested parameters, while the significance of the interaction of the genotype x year was determined only for the thickness of the stem

Heritability of Yield and Yield Components of Autochthonous Populations of Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.)

Examination of heritability of yield and yield components of autochthonous populations of Jerusalem artichoke was conducted in the experimental field of the Agricultural Institute in Banja Luka during 2015 and 2016. The trials were set up in four replications with ten populations of Jerusalem artichoke in the late October 2014. During the study, the following parameters were observed: plant height, number of stems per plant/clone, stem thickness and dry matter yield per plant/clone. Population Razboj had the highest yield of dry matter per plant/clone. In the first year, the population of Irić bašta had the largest number of stems per plant/clone. Broad sense heritability for plant height and number of stems per plant/clone indicates intermediate hereditary traits. A significant positive genetic correlation between yield of dry matter and plant height was determined

Medicinal properties and main indicators of seed and oil quality of flaxseed - Linum usitatissimum L.

Linum usitatissimum L. contains up to 45% oil. Linseed oil is a favourable fatty acid composition with a high linolenic acid content. Flaxseed oil is a valuable raw material for food and medical purposes due to its fatty acid composition and high content of linolenic acid. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have shown that these compounds have therapeutic potential in several indications in neurology, psychiatry and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of flax seed oils extracted from flax seed produced under different environmental conditions. Flax seed quality is highly dependent on weather conditions in the year of flax production, therefore the influence of the extreme weather events to the seed quality traits were also examined. The material consisted of nine samples of cold extracted oil from three flax varieties. Flaxseed oil production took place at five locations from 100 m to 700 m above sea level. The results indicate that high quality flax seed oil production is conditioned with proper farm technology, weather conditions and adequate storage. Oil rancidity and self - ignition of seed appeared in a case of improper seed storage. The expansion of the oilseed flax production should be accompanied by the education of farmers and potential consumers of flax products

Economic analysis of wheat production and applied marketing management

Wheat is, in quantity, the third largest crop produced in the world and therefore contributes greatly to the world economy both globally and in Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina-B & H. With wheat, worldwide it is sowing about 2.20 million ha annually and in Republic of Serbia wheat cultivated in 588.820 ha. The present trial was carried out to study the growth rates of yield, production and market of wheat in B & H. During the period 2010-2016, wheat was sown of Bosnia and Herzegovina on 63606.30 ha. There is trend in increasing of areas under wheat with a rate of 0.99% per year and, it varies. Average yield of wheat during the monitored period was 3.58 t ha-1. Average export of wheat in the tested period was 41750 t and had a tendency to increase with a rate of 25.67% and variation (CV = 104.41%) while average import of wheat was 398750 t and had a tendency to increase with a rate of 0.82% and variation (CV = 10.37%). The highest import was achieved in 2016 (398750 t) and the lowest in 2013. External trade of agro-industrial products and trade liberalization implies the necessity of raising the technological level of production, productivity, efficiency and application of marketing management

Prinos biomase i parametri kvaliteta suve materije odabranih populacija engleskog ljulja

Ispitivanja komponenti prinosa genetički divergentnih populacija engleskog ljulja obavljena su na oglednom polju i u laboratorijama Poljoprivrednog instituta Republike Srpske u Banja Luci, tokom 2006., 2007. i 2008. godine. Korišćeni materijali su potomstva autohtonih populacija engleskog ljulja, koje su sakupljene na širem području Republike Srpske, odnosno Bosne i Hercegovine. Nakon multiplikacije sjemena odabranih populacija, 2006. godine zasnovan je mikroogled. Za ova istraživanja korišćeno je 7 populacija engleskog ljulja, i to: Banjaluka, Kosjerovo, Laminci, Kobatovci, Kobaš, Delibašino selo i Sarajevo. Tokom trogodišnjih istraživanja analizirana su slijedeća svojstva: a) prinos zelene biomase; b) prinos suve materije; c) hemijski sastav suve materije u prvom otkosu; d) prinos sirovih proteina.Na osnovu trogodišnjih ispitivanja prinosa zelene biomase i suve materije, po visini i stabilnosti prinosa, ističe se populacije Banjaluka. Populacija Delibašino selo je u prvom otkosu suve materije imala najviši prosječan sadržaj sirovih proteina i najniži sadržaj sirove celuloze. Najviši prosječan prinos sirovih proteina tokom ovih ispitivanja ostvaren je sa populaciom Sarajevo

Zasnivanje travnih pojaseva u međurednom prostoru voćnjaka sa različitim travnim smješama i engleskim ljuljem uz primjenu hidrogela

Istraživanja su obavljena u 2011. i 2012. godine na dvije lokacije i to: na oglednom polju Poljoprivrednog instituta RS i mjestu Stranjani kod Banja Luke. Na lokaciji Stranjani ogled je postavljen u mladom zasadu kruške, a na lokaciji Delibašino Selo u oglednom mješovitom zasadu više voćnih vrsta (šljiva, kajsija, breskva). U ovim istraživanjima korišćene su 4 namjenski kreirane travne smješe i engleski ljulj. Ogledi su postavljeni u četiri ponavljanja na smeđe-dolinskom zemljištu i smonici. Na lokaciji Delibašino Selo primjenjen je klasičan način obrade, a na lokaciji Stranjani redukovana obrada zemljišta. Prije sjetve na obje lokacije u zemljište je unijet hidrogel. Tokom dvogodišnjih istaživanja praćen je: floristički sastav, prinos zelene i suve mase, broj mulčiranja, pokrovnost-gustina usjeva, sadržaj vlage u zemljištu i analiziran je satav biljne mase prvog otkosa. Prinos zelene i suve mase u prvom otkosu 2011. godine, na lokaciji Delibašino Selo, bio je kod svih ispitivanih varijanti veći na površinama gdje je primjenjen hidrogel. Na lokaciji gdje je primjenjena redukovana obrada zemljišta, u zelenoj biomasi prvog otkosa udio drugih biljnih vrste bio je veći tokom obje godine ispitvanja. Najbolja pokrovnost na lokaciji Delibašino Selo ostvarena je sa smješom TS/1, a na lokaciji Stranjani  sa smješom TS/4

Morfološke karakteristike interspecies hibrida sirka i sudanske trave u uslovima intenzivne ishrane azotom

The object of this study was a two-year trial (2009 and 2010) regarding variability of morphological characteristics of species belonging to Sorghum genus, more specifically interspecies hybrid between sorghum and Sudan grass Siloking as affected by different applications of nitrogen. The following morphological characteristics were analysed: plant height, number of leaves, leaf ratio, stem ratio, and number of shoots. Samples were taken from the first cut when the effect of the applied nitrogen doses was the strongest. The results showed that increasing nitrogen quantities significantly affected the tested morphological characteristics, especially the intensity of tillering (increased number of secondary stems), number of the formed leaves, and ratio of leaf weight in the total above-ground biomass. The effect of applied nitrogen depended on the weather conditions, i.e. distribution of precipitation, so that plants reached maximum height when 105 kg N ha-1 was applied in the dry year and 180 kg N ha-1 in the wet year.Predmet ove studije su dvogodišnja istraživanja (2009. i 2010.) varijabilnosti morfoloških osobina vrste roda Sorghum interspecies hibrida sirka i sudanske trave Siloking zavisno od upotrebljenih količina azota. Analizirane su morfološke osobine: visina biljka, broj listova, udeo lista, udeo stabla, broj izdanaka, a uzorci su uzimani iz prvog otkosa kada je i efekat upotrebljenih azotnih hraniva bio najveći. Rezultati su pokazali da rastuće količine azota značajno utiču na ispitivane morfološke osobine posebno na intenzitet bokorenja (povećanje broja sekundarnih stabala), broj formiranih listova, kao i udeo lisne mase u ukupnoj nadzemnoj biomasi. Efekat upotrebljenog azota zavisio je od vremenskih uslova, odnosno od rasporeda padavina, te su biljke dostigle najveću visinu u varijanti sa primenjenih 105 kg ha-1 azota u sušnoj, a u varijanti sa 180 kg ha-1 u vlažnoj godini