Étude des performances des codes turbo

Les codes convolutionnels -- Code convolutionnel systématique -- Code convolutionnel récursif systématique -- Canal de transmission -- Décodage des codes convolutionnels -- Concaténation de codes -- L'encodeur Turbo -- L'entrelaceur -- Représentation matricielle de l'encodeur Turbo -- Borne d'union sur la probabilité d'erreur du code turbo -- Décodage Turbo -- Principe de décodage itératif -- Algorithmes de décodage -- Décodage itératif Turbo -- Résultats de simulation -- Critères d'arrêt pour le décodage turbo -- Décodage parallèle des codes Turbo -- Inconvénient du décodage série des codes turbo -- Décodage parrallèle des codes turbo -- Performance des codes Turbo perforés -- Spécification d'un code turbo perforé -- Patron de perforation modifié -- Analyse de l'effet du nouveau patron de perforation -- Résultats de simulation

Modélisation des supercondensateurs et évaluation de leur vieillissement en cyclage actif à fort niveaux de courant pour des applications véhicules électriques et hybrides

L’objectif de cette thèse est la modélisation des supercondensateurs et l’évaluation de leur vieillissement en cyclage actif pour des applications véhicules électriques et hybrides. Après avoir situé les supercondensateurs dans ce type d’applications, les principes physique et technologique sont présentés et discutés. Ensuite, la modélisation électrique des supercondensateurs est faite grâce à une procédure de caractérisation et des outils expérimentaux adaptés aux courants et aux fréquences envisagés. Le comportement dynamique à forts niveaux de courant est détaillé et un modèle équivalent pour la simulation est proposé. La dépendance en température des paramètres électriques est quantifiée puis introduite dans le modèle électrique. Un modèle thermique permettant l’estimation de la température du point chaud a été alors identifié et couplé au modèle électrique. La prédiction de l’autoéchauffement et l’obtention d’un régime stationnaire thermique peuvent être simulés puis validés expérimentalement. Finalement, l’étude du vieillissement est abordée au travers d’essais de cyclage actif. Pour cela, des profils discontinus à forts niveaux de courant ont été spécifiés. Une procédure de test et de caractérisation périodique spécifique a été définie et mise en oeuvre lors de trois campagnes de mesures. Les résultats sont présentés en s’intéressant principalement à l’évolution des paramètres électriques durant le vieillissement accéléré en fonction de la forme du courant, sa valeur efficace et de la durée des arrêts pendant le cyclage.In order to use ultracapacitors in hybrid and electric vehicles applications, this study deals with their modeling and with ageing quantification during power cycling with high current levels. After introducing the ultracapacitors as peak power source in HEV, their physical principles and technological aspects are presented. Then, their electric behavior is investigated thanks to the specifications of well adapted test procedures and experimental test bench. We have focused on the dynamic behavior with high current levels of charge/discharge. Therefore, the obtained results are discussed and an equivalent electric model is proposed. The temperature effect on the electric parameters is quantified and introduced in the electric model. After that, a thermal model is identified and coupled to the electric one, allowing the estimation of the hot spot temperature. Therefore, the ultracapacitors self-heating and the thermal steady state can be predicted and validated experimentally. Finally, ageing study is made based on power cycling tests. Current profiles and test conditions are specified for ageing acceleration. The power cycling is interrupted by periodic characterization procedures. So, the obtained results were presented and discussed. We have focused on the changes of electric parameters, in particular the effect of the current shape, its rms value, and the rest time for characterization

Exceptional Renal Metastasis from Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Nasal Cavity and Literature Review

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignant cancer that arises from secretory glands. Slow growth, perineural invasion, and late recurrences are the main characteristics of ACC. Only few cases of kidney metastases from ACC have been reported in the literature. We report here the case of a 66-year-old female patient who presented with bilateral renal metastases from ACC of the nasal cavity, detected 14 years after treatment of primary tumor and 6 years after metastasectomy of lung metastases. Histological examination confirmed diagnosis and the patient was treated with systemic chemotherapy. Radiological evaluation showed stability of the disease. However, a progression with occurrence of metastases in other sites (lung and bones) has been observed after 7 months. She is still receiving second-line chemotherapy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second case of kidney metastases from ACC of the nasal cavity

Performance improvement of a drag hydrokinetic turbine

Hydropower is at present in many locations, among all the other possible renewable energy sources, the best one for net cost per unit power. In contrast to traditional installation, based on water storage in artificial basins, free flow river turbines also provide a very low environmental impact due to their negligible effect on solid transport. Among them, kinetic turbines with vertical axis are very inexpensive and have almost zero impact on fish and local fauna. In application to tidal waves and sea waves, where vertically averaged velocities have alternate direction, a Savonius rotor also has the advantage of being productive during the whole time cycle. In this work, the effect of an upstream deflector system mounted upstream of a twisted Savonius rotor inside a channel has been investigated through numerical simulations and experimental tests. Numerical simulations were carried on using the ANSYS FLUENT 17.0 software. Based on this numerical study, it is shown that the proposed deflector system has improved the power coefficient of the Savonius rotor by 14%. The utilization of this new design system is predicted to contribute towards a more efficient use of flows in rivers and channels for electricity production in rural areas

Performance Improvement of a Drag Hydrokinetic Turbine

Hydropower is at present in many locations, among all the other possible renewable energy sources, the best one for net cost per unit power. In contrast to traditional installation, based on water storage in artificial basins, free flow river turbines also provide a very low environmental impact due to their negligible effect on solid transport. Among them, kinetic turbines with vertical axis are very inexpensive and have almost zero impact on fish and local fauna. In application to tidal waves and sea waves, where vertically averaged velocities have alternate direction, a Savonius rotor also has the advantage of being productive during the whole time cycle. In this work, the effect of an upstream deflector system mounted upstream of a twisted Savonius rotor inside a channel has been investigated through numerical simulations and experimental tests. Numerical simulations were carried on using the ANSYS FLUENT 17.0 software. Based on this numerical study, it is shown that the proposed deflector system has improved the power coefficient of the Savonius rotor by 14%. The utilization of this new design system is predicted to contribute towards a more efficient use of flows in rivers and channels for electricity production in rural areas

3D Magneto-buoyancy-thermocapillary convection of CNT-water nanofluid in the presence of a magnetic field

Anumerical study is performed to investigate the effects of adding Carbon Nano Tube (CNT) and applying a magnetic field in two directions (vertical and horizontal) on the 3D-thermo-capillary natural convection. The cavity is differentially heated with a free upper surface. Governing equations are solved using the finite volume method. Results are presented in term of flow structure, temperature field and rate of heat transfer. In fact, results revealed that the flow structure and heat transfer rate are considerably affected by the magnitude and the direction of the magnetic field, the presence of thermocapillary forces and by increasing nanoparticles volume fraction. In opposition, the increase of the magnetic field magnitude leads to the control the flow causing flow stabilization by merging vortexes and reducing heat transfer rate. © 2020 by the authors

Validation of a Novel Sensing Approach for Continuous Pavement Monitoring Using Full-Scale APT Testing

The objective of this paper is to present a novel approach for the continuous monitoring of pavement condition through the use of combined piezoelectric sensing and novel condition-based interpretation methods. The performance of the developed approach is validated for the detection of bottom-up fatigue cracking through full-scale accelerated pavement testing (APT). The innovative piezoelectric sensors are installed at the bottom of a thin 102 mm (4 in.) asphalt layer. The structure is then loaded until failure (up to 1 million loading cycles in this study). The condition-based approach, used in this work, does not rely on stain measurements and allows users to bypass the need for any structural or finite-element models. Instead, the data compression approach relies on variations in strain energy harvested by smart sensors to track changes in material and structural conditions. Falling weight deflectometer (FWD) measurements and visual inspections were used to validate the observations from the sensing system. The results in this paper present a first large-scale validation in pavement structures for a piezopowered sensing system combined with a new response-only based approach for data reduction and interpretation. The proposed data analysis method has demonstrated a very early detection capability compared to classical inspection methods, which unveils a huge potential for improved pavement monitoring

Data compression approach for long-term monitoring of pavement structures

Pavement structures are designed to withstand continuous damage during their design life. Damage starts as soon as the pavement is open to traffic and increases with time. If maintenance activities are not considered in the initial design or considered but not applied during the service life, damage will grow to a point where rehabilitation may be the only and most expensive option left. In order to monitor the evolution of damage and its severity in pavement structures, a novel data compression approach based on cumulative measurements from a piezoelectric sensor is presented in this paper. Specifically, the piezoelectric sensor uses a thin film of polyvinylidene fluoride to sense the energy produced by the micro deformation generated due to the application of traffic loads. Epoxy solution has been used to encapsulate the membrane providing hardness and flexibility to withstand the high-loads and the high-temperatures during construction of the asphalt layer. The piezoelectric sensors have been exposed to three months of loading (approximately 1.0 million loads of 65 kN) at the French Institute of Science and Technology for Transport, Development and Networks (IFSTTAR) fatigue carrousel. Notably, the sensors survived the construction and testing. Reference measurements were made with a commercial conventional strain gauge specifically designed for measurements in hot mix asphalt layers. Results from the carrousel successfully demonstrate that the novel approach can be considered as a good indicator of damage progression, thus alleviating the need to measure strains in pavement for the purpose of damage tracking

Data Compression Approach for Long-Term Monitoring of Pavement Structures

Pavement structures are designed to withstand continuous damage during their design life. Damage starts as soon as the pavement is open to traffic and increases with time. If maintenance activities are not considered in the initial design or considered but not applied during the service life, damage will grow to a point where rehabilitation may be the only and most expensive option left. In order to monitor the evolution of damage and its severity in pavement structures, a novel data compression approach based on cumulative measurements from a piezoelectric sensor is presented in this paper. Specifically, the piezoelectric sensor uses a thin film of polyvinylidene fluoride to sense the energy produced by the micro deformation generated due to the application of traffic loads. Epoxy solution has been used to encapsulate the membrane providing hardness and flexibility to withstand the high-loads and the high-temperatures during construction of the asphalt layer. The piezoelectric sensors have been exposed to three months of loading (approximately 1.0 million loads of 65 kN) at the French Institute of Science and Technology for Transport, Development and Networks (IFSTTAR) fatigue carrousel. Notably, the sensors survived the construction and testing. Reference measurements were made with a commercial conventional strain gauge specifically designed for measurements in hot mix asphalt layers. Results from the carrousel successfully demonstrate that the novel approach can be considered as a good indicator of damage progression, thus alleviating the need to measure strains in pavement for the purpose of damage tracking