Distribuição espaço-temporal e fatores relacionados à sífilis congênita no nordeste brasileiro

Aim: To analyze the spatiotemporal dynamics and socioeconomic factors associated with the incidence of congenital syphilis in the Brazilian Northeast from 2008 to 2018. Method: An ecological study conducted on cases of congenital syphilis in the Northeast and notified in the Information System of Notifiable Diseases. Methods of temporal and spatial analysis were applied to identify trends and clusters of the disease as well as a model of linear regression to point out indicators related to congenital syphilis with a 5% significance level. Results: The incidence of congenital syphilis has significantly increased in all states of the Northeast (p<0.001), with higher indexes and clusters mostly in municipalities of the coast region. The variables associated with the incidence of congenital syphilis in the Northeast were: percentage of alive newborns with low birth weight (p<0.001), Human Development Index (p<0.001), income per capita (p<0.001), percentage of poor people (p<0.001), percentage of people with 18 years or more with complete basic education (p<0.001), and illiteracy rate (p<0.001). Conclusion: it was verified that incidence of congenital syphilis during the period analyzed and high indexes clusters in the coast of the Northeast coast.Objetivo: Analizar la dinámica espacio temporal y los factores socioeconómicos asociados a la incidencia de sífilis congénita en el Nordeste en el periodo de 2008 a 2018. Método: Estudio ecológico desarrollado con casos de sífilis congénita ocurridos en el Nordeste y notificados en el Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Notificación. Se utilizaron métodos de análisis espacial y temporal para identificar tendencias y conglomerados de la enfermedad, así como un modelo de regresión lineal para señalar indicadores relacionados con la sífilis congénita, utilizando una significación del 5%. Resultados: La incidencia de sífilis congénita mostró un aumento significativo en todos los estados nordestinos ((p<0,001), con las mayores tasas y conglomerados localizados principalmente en los municipios del litoral de la región. Las variables asociadas a la incidencia de sífilis congénita en el Nordeste fueron: porcentaje de nacidos vivos con bajo peso al nacer (p<0,001), porcentaje de nacidos vivos con al menos siete consultas prenatales (p<;0,001), Índice de Desarrollo Humano (IDHM) (p<0,001), ingreso per cápita (p<0,001), porcentaje de pobres (p<0,001), porcentaje de personas de 18 años o más con educación primaria completa (p = 0,02) y tasa de analfabetismo (p<0,001). Conclusión: Hubo un aumento en la incidencia de sífilis congénita durante el período analizado y conglomerados de tasas altas en la costa de los estados nordestinos.Objetivo: Analisar a dinâmica espaço-temporal e os fatores socioeconômicos associados à incidência de sífilis congênita no Nordeste no período de 2008 a 2018. Método: Estudo ecológico desenvolvido com casos de sífilis congênita ocorridos no Nordeste e notificados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. Foram empregados métodos de análises espacial e temporal para identificar a tendências e clusters da doença, bem como modelo de regressão linear para apontar indicadores relacionados à sífilis congênita empregando-se significância de 5%. Resultados: A incidência de sífilis congênita apresentou crescimento significativo em todos os estados nordestinos (p<0,001), com as maiores taxas e clusters localizados prioritariamente em municípios ao longo do litoral da região. As variáveis associadas à incidência de sífilis congênita no Nordeste foram: percentual de nascidos vivos com baixo peso ao nascer (p<0,001), percentual de nascidos vivos com pelo menos sete consultas de pré-natal (p<0,001), Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDHM)(p<0,001), renda per capita (p<0,001), percentual de pessoas pobres (p<0,001), percentual de pessoas de 18 anos ou mais de idade com ensino fundamental completo (p = 0,02) e taxa de analfabetismo (p<0,001). Conclusão: Verificou-se um crescimento na incidência de sífilis congênita ao longo do período analisado e clusters de altas taxas no litoral dos estados nordestinos

Anatomia e ultraestrutura foliar de Ocimum gratissimum sob diferentes níveis de radiação luminosa

Espécies vegetais são capazes de ajustar suas características fisiológicas, anatômicas e ultraestruturais aos fatores ambientais, como, por exemplo, a disponibilidade de radiação luminosa incidente. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência de diferentes níveis de radiação luminosa na anatomia e ultraestrutura foliar de Ocimum gratissimum L. (Lamiaceae). As plantas foram cultivadas por 93 dias em quatro níveis de radiação fotossinteticamente ativa (20, 11, 7 e 4mol m-2 d-1). O incremento da intensidade de luz proporcionou aumento no espessamento dos parênquimas paliçádico e esponjoso e do limbo foliar, entretanto, a espessura da epiderme não foi alterada. Em relação aos aspectos ultraestruturais, verificou-se aumento no tamanho dos cloroplastos e grãos de amido e um aumento do empilhamento dos tilacoides com a redução da intensidade de luz. As variações anatômicas e ultraestruturais verificadas confirmam a plasticidade fenotípica dessa espécie em função da intensidade de radiação luminosa

The importance of entomo-virological investigation of Yellow Fever Virus to strengthen surveillance in Brazil

Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), grant numbers 314522/2021-2 to A.C.R.C., 166720/2017-8 and 106256/2018-1, to L.H.A.H, and 310295/2021-1, to P.F.d.C.V. Funding was also provided by National Institute of Science and Technology for Emerging and Reemerging Viruses in partnership with CNPq, grant number 406360/2022-7, to P.F.d.C.V.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil / Pará State University. Center for Biological and Health Sciences. Belém, PA, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil / Pará State University. Center for Biological and Health Sciences. Belém, PA, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil / Pará State University. Center for Biological and Health Sciences. Belém, PA, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil / Pará State University. Center for Biological and Health Sciences. Belém, PA, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil / Federal University of Pará. Institute of Biological Sciences. Belém, PA, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Goiás Public Health Laboratory. Goiânia, GO, Brazil.Goiás Public Health Laboratory. Goiânia, GO, Brazil.Ministry of Health. Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat. Brasília, DF, Brazil.World Health Organization. Pan American Health Organization. Public Health Emergency Department. Brasília, DF, Brazil.Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. René Rachou Institute. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. René Rachou Institute. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.The largest outbreak of sylvatic yellow fever virus (YFV) in eight decades was recorded in Brazil between 2016–2018. Besides human and NHP surveillance, the entomo-virological approach is considered as a complementary tool. For this study, a total of 2904 mosquitoes of the Aedes, Haemagogus and Sabethes genera were collected from six Brazilian states (Bahia, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, and Tocantins) and grouped into 246 pools, which were tested for YFV using RT-qPCR. We detected 20 positive pools from Minas Gerais, 5 from Goiás, and 1 from Bahia, including 12 of Hg. janthinomys and 5 of Ae. albopictus. This is the first description of natural YFV infection in this species and warns of the likelihood of urban YFV re-emergence with Ae. albopictus as a potential bridge vector. Three YFV sequences from Hg. janthinomys from Goiás and one from Minas Gerais, as well as one from Ae. albopictus from Minas Gerais were clustered within the 2016–2018 outbreak clade, indicating YFV spread from Midwest and its infection in a main and likely novel bridging vector species. Entomo-virological surveillance is critical for YFV monitoring in Brazil, which could highlight the need to strengthen YFV surveillance, vaccination coverage, and vector control measures

The Importance of Entomo-Virological Investigation of Yellow Fever Virus to Strengthen Surveillance in Brazil

The largest outbreak of sylvatic yellow fever virus (YFV) in eight decades was recorded in Brazil between 2016–2018. Besides human and NHP surveillance, the entomo-virological approach is considered as a complementary tool. For this study, a total of 2904 mosquitoes of the Aedes, Haemagogus and Sabethes genera were collected from six Brazilian states (Bahia, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, and Tocantins) and grouped into 246 pools, which were tested for YFV using RT-qPCR. We detected 20 positive pools from Minas Gerais, 5 from Goiás, and 1 from Bahia, including 12 of Hg. janthinomys and 5 of Ae. albopictus. This is the first description of natural YFV infection in this species and warns of the likelihood of urban YFV re-emergence with Ae. albopictus as a potential bridge vector. Three YFV sequences from Hg. janthinomys from Goiás and one from Minas Gerais, as well as one from Ae. albopictus from Minas Gerais were clustered within the 2016–2018 outbreak clade, indicating YFV spread from Midwest and its infection in a main and likely novel bridging vector species. Entomo-virological surveillance is critical for YFV monitoring in Brazil, which could highlight the need to strengthen YFV surveillance, vaccination coverage, and vector control measures

Neotropical freshwater fisheries : A dataset of occurrence and abundance of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics

The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data