All-optical half-adder by using a single-stage optical parametric amplifier

33rd European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communication (ECOC 2007), Berlin, Germany, 16-20 September 2007An all-optical half-adder has been successfully demonstrated using cross gain modulation (XGM) and four-wave mixing (FWM) in an optical parametric amplifier (OPA) on a highly-nonlinear dispersion-shifted fiber. Power penalty of less than 2dB was achieved.published_or_final_version33rd European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communication (ECOC 2007), Berlin, Germany, 16-20 September 2007. In European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communication Proceedings, 2007, v. 4, p. 1024-102

Sir Patrick Manson: good medicine for the people of Hong Kong

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Picosecond all-optical logic gates (XOR, OR, NOT, and AND) in a fiber optical parametric amplifier

We demonstrate all-optical XOR, OR, NOT, and AND gates in a fiber optical parametric amplifier within the same experimental setup. Error-free operation was achieved for 10Gb/s RZ signals with pulsewidth suitable for 100Gb/s operation. © 2007 Optical Society of America.published_or_final_versio

Comparison of effects of sleeve gastrectomy, duodenal-jejunal bypass and ileal transposition for the treatment of type II diabetes

This journal suppl. entitled: 2014 DDW AbstractThe SSAT’s 55th Annual Meeting took place during Digestive Disease Week 2014SSAT Poster Session (8215) - Stomach: Basic (I)BACKGROUND: Sleeve gastrectomy (SG), duodenal jejunal bypass (DJB) and ileal transposition (IT) have been reported to be effective for the treatment of T2DM. It is unknown which procedure has a stronger anti-diabetic effect. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of these novel procedures METHODS: SG, DJB, IT and ...postprin

Pixel-to-pixel fiber-coupled emissive micro-light-emitting diode arrays

We report on an integrated fiber-coupled bi-linear micro-light-emitting diode array, serving as a portable microdisplay system. The fiber bundle transforms the bi-linearly arranged optical signals from the emissive array into a 6-by-8 pixel microdisplay, offering a crisp and clear optical output. The pixel-to-pixel coupling arrangement ensures optical coupling efficiency. Due to the narrow acceptance cones of optical fibers, individual pixels can be well resolved with minimal crosstalk. The performance and functionality of this optical system is fully evaluated. A model to determine the fiber-coupling efficiency was constructed; it was found that the simulated results compare well with the measured data.published_or_final_versio

Geometrical shaping of InGaN light-emitting diodes by laser micromachining

Geometrical shaping of InGaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) by laser micromachining is introduced. The sapphire substrate is shaped with inclined sidewalls at 50, serving as a prism favoring light redirection for out-coupling from the top window. Compared to conventional cuboid LEDs with a calculated light extraction efficiency next of 18.3%, these shaped LEDs offers a pronounced increase in next of up to 85.2%, verified by experimental results. © 2009 IEEE.published_or_final_versio

Gene Expression Profiling Identified High-mobility Group AT-hook (HMGA2) as Being Frequently Upregulated in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Background: Esophageal cancer is one of the most deadly malignancies worldwide and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most frequent type. Methods: We identified up-regulated genes from gene expression profiles of HKESC-4 cell line, its parental tumor tissues, non-tumoral esophageal epithelia and lymph nodes with metastatic carcinoma using Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 microarray. Results: Four genes [High-mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2), paternally expressed 10 (PEG10), SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 2 (SHANK2) and WNT1 inducible signaling pathway protein 3 (WISP3)] were selected for further validation with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in a panel of ESCC cell lines and clinical specimens. HMGA2 was found to be overexpressed in the panel of ESCC cell lines tested. By using immunohistochemistry, HMGA2 was found to be up-regulated in 70% of ESCC tissues (21 out of 30 cases). Conclusion: This study demonstrates successful use of gene microarray to identify and reveal HMGA2 as a novel and consistently overexpressed gene in ESCC cell lines and clinical samples.published_or_final_versio

Ultrafast quantitative time-stretch imaging flow cytometry of phytoplankton

Biomedical Spectroscopy, Microscopy, and Imaging: 9720 - High-Speed Biomedical Imaging and Spectroscopy: Toward Big Data Instrumentation and Management: Paper 9720-35Comprehensive quantification of phytoplankton abundance, sizes and other parameters, e.g. biomasses, has been an important, yet daunting task in aquatic sciences and biofuel research. It is primarily because of the lack of effective tool to image and thus accurately profile individual microalgae in a large population. The phytoplankton species are highly diversified and heterogeneous in terms of their sizes and the richness in morphological complexity. This fact makes time-stretch imaging, a new ultrafast real-time optical imaging technology, particularly suitable for ultralarge-scale taxonomic classification of phytoplankton together with quantitative image recognition and analysis. We here demonstrate quantitative imaging flow cytometry of single phytoplankton based on quantitative asymmetric-detection time-stretch optical microscopy (Q-ATOM) – a new time-stretch imaging modality for label-free quantitative phase imaging without interferometric implementations. Sharing the similar concept of Schlieren imaging, Q-ATOM accesses multiple phase-gradient contrasts of each single phytoplankton, from which the quantitative phase profile is computed. We employ such system to capture, at an imaging line-scan rate of 11.6 MHz, high-resolution images of two phytoplankton populations (scenedesmus and chlamydomonas) in ultrafast microfluidic flow (3 m/s). We further perform quantitative taxonomic screening analysis enabled by this technique. More importantly, the system can also generate quantitative phase images of single phytoplankton. This is especially useful for label-free quantification of biomasses (e.g. lipid droplets) of the particular species of interest – an important task adopted in biofuel applications. Combining machine learning for automated classification, Q-ATOM could be an attractive platform for continuous and real-time ultralarge-scale single-phytoplankton analysis.The 2016 SPIE Photonics West Conference, San Francisco, CA., 13-18 February 2016. In Conference Proceedings, 2016, v. 9720, paper no. 9720-3

Clinical correlation of nuclear survivin in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

To examine the correlation of survivin (both total and nuclear survivin) with clinicopathological parameters of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients. Tumors and non-tumor tissues near the proximal resection margins were resected from ESCC patients undergone esophagectomy. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed to detect survivin mRNA expression level in the 10 paired tumor and adjacent non-tumor tissues. To confirm with the clinical situation, survivin mRNA and protein expression were measured by qPCR and immunoblot, respectively, in 5 ESCC cell lines and a non-neoplastic esophageal epithelial cell line. Immunohistochemistry was employed to reveal the cellular localization of survivin in tumor tissues isolated from the 64 ESCC patients undergone surgery alone. Up-regulation of survivin mRNA and protein was found in 5 ESCC lines (HKESC-1, HKESC-2, HKESC-3, HKESC-4, and SLMT-1) when compared to a non-neoplastic esophageal epithelial cell line NE-1. In particular, HKESC-3, HKESC-4, and SLMT-1 cells demonstrated ~50-fold increase in survivin mRNA. High level of survivin mRNA in tumor tissues when compared to non-tumor tissues was found in 70 % (7 of 10) of clinical cases. The increase in expression ranged from ~twofold to ~16-fold. Immunohistochemistry results showed that survivin was found at the cell nuclei in all specimens examined. Nuclear expression of survivin was inversely associated with the likelihood of developing nodal metastasis (p = 0.021) and significantly associated with early-stage ESCC (p = 0.039). Nuclear survivin could serve as a marker for indicating disease status in ESCC patients. © 2012 The Author(s).published_or_final_versio