Pilot study EP comparison. Comparison of components by experts: Comparison of the EP requirements among Member States

In the EU project ASIEPI, a comparison method has been developed to compare the energy performance (EP) requirement levels among Europe. This method contains various assumptions related to the efficiencies of boiler and power of fans. This report compares the efficiencies for the various boilers and fans used in the comparison study

Detection and Control Problems for Non-Linear Distributed-Parameter Systems With Delays

First, we consider non-linear discrete-time and continuous-time systems with unknown inputs. The problem of reconstructing an input using the information given by an output equation is investigated. Then we examine a control problem for non-linear discrete-time hereditary systems, i.e. the problem of finding a control which drives the state of the system from its initial value to a given desired final state. The methods used to solve these problems are based on the state-space technique and fixed-point theorems. To illustrate the outlined ideas, various numerical simulation results are presented

Pyrolysis of wood at high temperature: The influence of experimental parameters on gaseous products

International audienceThe pyrolysis of wood was carried out in an Entrained Flow Reactor at high temperature (650 to 950 °C) and under rapid heating conditions (N 10 3 K s − 1). The influence of the diameter and initial moisture of the particle, reactor temperature, residence time and the nature of the gaseous atmosphere on the composition of the gaseous products has been characterised. Particle size, between 80–125 and 160–200 μm, did not show any impact. Pyrolysis and tar cracking essentially happen in very short time period: less than 0.6 s; the products yields are only slightly modified after 0.6 s in the short residence times (several seconds) of our experiments. Higher temperatures improve hydrogen yield in the gaseous product while CO yield decreases. Under nitrogen atmosphere, after 2 s at 950 °C, 76% (daf) of the mass of wood is recovered as gases: CO, CO 2 , H 2 , CH 4 , C 2 H 2 , C 2 H 4 and H 2 O. Tests performed under steam partial pressure showed that hydrogen production is slightly enhanced

Assessment of innovative systems in the context of EPBD regulations

As the Energy Performance of Buildings (EPB) regulations cannot cover all possible kind of new technologies, Member States have to develop principle of equivalence procedures, in order to allow the assessment of systems not covered by the standard calculation procedures. This information paper discusses the overall context and describes the approaches used in several countries