Comparison Of Two Hydrological Models (Lumped And Distributed) Over A Pilot Area Of The Issen Watershed In The Souss Basin, Morocco

The present study aims to develop a hydrological model of flood forecasting to arid environment in the Issen basin (sub-chatchement of Aguenza basin) through a comparison between two conceptual hydrological models (HEC HMS) and ATHYS which is a conceptual distributed model rarely used in the Moroccan context. The aim is to measure the degree of adaptability of these models to the study area in order to generalize the selected model to the entire watershed. The obtained results from the validation phase of the two models were satisfactory, the two models were able to reproduce the hydrological behavior of the Aguenza watershed during flooding periods. Besides, this study has shown that a good distributed model can provide improvements over a global model for flood forecasting and particularly in terms of volume as in the present study case

ESTIMATE OF THE METALLIC CONTAMINATION OF THE URBAN EFFLUENTS BY THE EFFLUENTS OF THE MOHAMED V HOSPITAL OF MEKNES

The Mohamed V hospital of Meknes is one of the most important establishments for public health in the entire region of Meknes-Tafilalet; it is also one of the biggest sanitary structures of Morocco. According to the classification of the American Hospital Association (American Hospital Association [AHA], 1986) based on the number of active beds, this hospital belongs to class 7, with a real bed capacity of 531 beds among which 416 are functional, hence this has led to the importance of the study of the impacts of its effluents on the environment. Wastewaters of this hospital contain pollutions of microbiological, chemical, organic, mineral and metallic nature. They are rejected in the sewer system of the city without any preliminary treatment and has a loosened open-air at the level of Aïn Choubbik district where they are reused by the local residents for the irrigation of truck farm, cereal and tree-dwelling farm. Moreover, the major part of these wastewaters is poured into Bourouh river, in particular during pluvial period. Consequently, we may note direct harmful impacts on the health of Man as well as on the environment with its diverse compartments, water (Surface Water and subsoil water), ground and air. Thus, we will try using this present study to evaluate the pollution rate by elements in state of trace, taking a case of heavy metals effluents of the Mohamed V hospital of Meknes and the consequences it could have on the environment and as well as the proposed solutions. So, we are also going to estimate the pollution rate by these elements at the levels of urban wastewaters of the Ain Choubbik district receptacles of the hospital effluents

ETUDE DU RÉGIME HYDROLOGIQUE DU FLEUVE INAOUÈNE, MAROC SEPTENTRIONAL

The analysis of the Inaouene river hydrologic behavior has shown a mediterranean typical regime, characterized by the abundance of rain with high winter flow rates, therefore, heavy flooding, and on the other hand, by a strong dry season, thus, low flow. The annual module, as well as the different coefficients, highlights the hydroclimatic fluctuations, in relationship with a semi-arid climate. The hydrological balance highlighted the importance of water volumes routed upstream and downstream, confirming the morphometric parameters of the basin and the lithologic nature which involves two major different units (formations essentially karstic carbonate in the Middle Atlas at the Southern part of the basin and, a marly impermeable substratum in the Prerif; northern part of the basin). The frequency study of extreme high flow rates showed that they are not governed by a specific law

Etude De La Contamination Par Les Métaux Lourds Des Eaux Et Des Sédiments Au Voisinage De La Mine De Tighza (Maroc Central Oriental)

The analyses performed on four stations upstream and eight downstream of the Tighzamine (Jebel Aouam) were carried out to assess the contamination degree from tailings discharges. From the standpoint of water and soil qualities, concentrations of trace and major elements (TME), including Cd, Mn, Pb and Zn which concentrations (µgL-1 ) reach respectively 82, 49918, 669, 36858 in water samples and 443, 161, 23607, 19459 in sediments, exceed greatly, in the vicinity of the mine, the international standards. Depending on the TME analyzes, all downstream stations shows different degrees of contamination, whereas it is less or absent at the upstream stations. Downstream stations thus require water and soil treatment, since the contents TME are quite large and clearly present a danger not only in the surrounding environment for population, fauna and flora, but also over long distances especially as the waters of Tighza river flow into the oued Bouregreg and thus reach the Sidi Mohammed ben Abdellah Dam (Rabat) which is used as drinking water for urban consumption. It is therefore imperative to treat these waters, so that they become drinkable and avoid bad impacts to the population

EFFET DE L’ÉPURATION PAR ÉLECTROCOAGULATION SUR LA POLLUTION DES EFFLUENTS DE L’HÔPITAL MOHAMED V DE MEKNÈS

The effluents of the Mohamed V hospital of Meknes include strong polluting factors harmful to environment and to human health, notably important bacterial load. This hospital has not a pretreatment station so it rejects its effluents in the urban sewer system without any preliminary treatment. The urban effluents are cleared open air at the level of the Aïn Choubbik district and poured into Bourouh river notably during pluvial period; consequently they cause a physicochemical and biological deterioration of the aquatic ecosystem. To reduce their negative impacts, several treatment techniques are operated. The chemical coagulation and the biological treatments are techniques used particularly for the treatment of various types of effluents. Their inconveniences it is because they cause an acidification of treated water and a production of important quantities of muck. The electrocoagulation is a very interesting alternative to these techniques. The present job registers as part of research works which have as objective to study the effects of this technique on wastewaters of the Mohamed V hospital of Meknes. This is the way how we studied experimentally the treatment of the hospital effluents by the means of the electrocoagulation by using iron electrodes. To determine the optimal conditions of treatment of these effluents, we made several experiments by varying every time the intensity of current and time of retention. The obtained rates of reduction are very important, they reached 79,21 % for COD, 93,76 for suspended matter and 97,33 % for the fecal coliformes

Assessment of the Potential Flood Hazard of the Larbaâ Wadi, Rural Center of Sebt Boukellal, Taza, Morocco

Flood risk management often requires the use of geomorphological features to identify flood zones, and the use of hydraulic models to predict inundation dynamics and related impacts on the surrounding area. In this study, we used a hydraulic river simulation model to identify potential flood-prone zones on a small scale. It concentrated on a 2.5-kilometer section of the Larbaâ Wadi, which crosses the rural center of Sebt Boukellal. For estimating the peak discharge that occurs in the return periods of 10, 20, 50, and 100 years of the drainage area, we used the Rational method. Standard tables to estimate Manning’s coefficient and direct field measurements to feed the model. Model simulation has shown stability of the steady state, which witnesses the accuracy of the estimated and measured characteristics of the river system. During the calibration phase, we compared the model outputs to the observed floods and made adjustments to align the simulation with the field observations. Indeed, the 50-year flood remarkably matched the extent of the flood that occurred on September 27, 2000. The obtained results have shown that even for a 10year return period, the overflow affects properties within the floodplain. The 100-year flood exceeded the river’s capacity, causing water to spill onto the rural center’s streets and cultivated fields. The water level reached an elevation of 552.14 meters at Sebt Boukellal’s marketplace. These results were consistent with recent floods and confirm previous observations, indicating that the model precisely predicted the river’s behavior. The findings have shown that floods spanned large regions and suggested urgent intervention to protect lives and properties

Monitoring and characterization of meteorological and hydrological drought in the high Ziz watershed

The understanding of the characteristics and the effects of drought is essential for an effective drought assessment and management in all regions of the globe. The south-east of Morocco is characterized by an arid and semi-arid climate, and the High Ziz watershed, which is part of this region of Morocco, is the area in that this study was conducted, consisting of the evaluation and characterization of the meteorological and the hydrological drought, respectively, through the application of the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), and the standardized Streamflow Index (SSI) indices on the time scales of 3, 6 and 12 months. The analysis of the indices shows that the study area has experienced several drought events with different characteristics depending on the time scale of calculation. In addition, this analysis has enabled the behavior of meteorological and hydrological drought

INTEGRATION OF GIS AND HEC-RAS IN FLOODS MODELING OF THE OUERGHA RIVER, NORTHERN MOROCCO

In recent years, hydrological hazards continue to worsen due to climate changes affecting the whole world. In Morocco, after a long period of severe drought that has ravaged the country since the eighties, the last years were exceptionally rainy. Records have been exceeded in terms of rainfall and flooding that affected many parts of the country. The Ouergha River, contributing with 50% of total water yield of the Sebou basin which is one of the most important watersheds in Northern Morocco, broke all records in 2009/2010 providing an exceptional amount of water of 7,4 109 m3. In this study, one-dimensional hydraulic modeling with HEC-RAS®, allowed to calculate the water flow profiles for some flood events that occurred downstream of Al Wahda dam. The exploitation of obtained results led to establish flood extension maps for each calculated profile, which made it possible to evaluate the management of the dam by the Sebou hydraulic Basin Agency. This type of results acquired from the hydraulic simulation and geographic information system, can significantly contribute in flood management interventions against overflows that persist despite the existence of a large dam (Al Wahda), because of extreme climatic and hydrologic events observed in recent years

Prediction of Flood Events from the Nekor River Discharge Using the Flood Frequential Analysis Method

This work aims to analyze the yearly most extreme release of the Nekor River monitoring station Tamellaht between 1973 and 2011 and to predict possible future events using the Flood Frequency Analysis Method (FFA). We use the four most estimated distributions that are accessible for prediction of hydrological risk: the three Log Normal, LogPerson Type III, Weibull and GAMMA distributions, and conclude that the Weibull distribution is the suitable statistical model that describe well into our data series, even though the other distributions show data adjustment. Given the Weibull dispersion, the upsides of 580.3 m3/s, 1339 m3/s and 2146.7 m3/s are for the time of return of 10, 50 and 100 years, individually, still high relying upon the semi-dry environment that wins around this region. In fact, the period of extreme returns of the 10th period which can cause dangerous flooding especially considering the mountainous characteristics of the region. The magnitude of the floods is greater because the return period is greater, which explains the semi-arid climate of this region. In addition, a simple statistical description shows that the maximum flow trend has declined over the years, reflecting a possible impact of climate change phenomena

Characterization of sludge from the Fez wastewater treatment plant

The Fès wastewater treatment plant is of the activated sludge type. It has been in service since 2014, and receives 155,400 cubic meters per day of domestic wastewater from numerous urban and rural communities: Fès, Ras El Ma, Oulad Tayeb and Ain Chkef. On the one hand, this WWTP generates clean, purified water which is discharged into the receiving environment without any harm to the environment, and on the other, it produces huge quantities of residual sludge, i.e. 5,100 t/year. The aim of this study is to characterize the sludge from the Fez wastewater treatment plant, following sludge treatability tests by monitoring the various analytical parameters. To be able to choose the right technique for the type of sludge to be treated. In our case, for sludge from the Fez wastewater treatment plant, physico-chemical characteristics were carried out for COD, BOD5, TSS, total nitrogen and phosphorus, showing the sludge’s richness in nutrients. The characterization of the sludge from the Fez wastewater treatment plant showed the potential of this product to be valorized