H2S biosynthesis and catabolism: new insights from molecular studies

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has profound biological effects within living organisms and is now increasingly being considered alongside other gaseous signalling molecules, such as nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). Conventional use of pharmacological and molecular approaches has spawned a rapidly growing research field that has identified H2S as playing a functional role in cell-signalling and post-translational modifications. Recently, a number of laboratories have reported the use of siRNA methodologies and genetic mouse models to mimic the loss of function of genes involved in the biosynthesis and degradation of H2S within tissues. Studies utilising these systems are revealing new insights into the biology of H2S within the cardiovascular system, inflammatory disease, and in cell signalling. In light of this work, the current review will describe recent advances in H2S research made possible by the use of molecular approaches and genetic mouse models with perturbed capacities to generate or detoxify physiological levels of H2S gas within tissue

Isolation and sequence of a tomato cDNA clone encoding subunit II of the photosystem I reaction center

We report here the isolation and nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone encoding a phtosystem I polypeptide that is recognized by a polyclonal antibody prepared against subunit II of the photosystem I reaction center. The transit peptide processing site was determined to occur after Met 50 by N terminal sequencing. The decuced sequence of this protein predicts that the polypeptide has a net positive charge (pI=9.6) and no membrane spanning regions are evident from the hydropathy plot. Based on these considerations and the fact that subunit II is solubilized by alkali treatment of thylakoids, we concluded that subunit II is an extrinsic membrane protein. The absence of hydrophobic regions characteristic of thylakoid transfer domains furthermore implies that subunit II is localized on the stromal side of the membrane.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/43419/1/11103_2004_Article_BF00014949.pd

Outcomes of cartilage repair techniques for chondral injury in the hip-a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE/PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to assess the options of treatment and their related outcomes for chondral injuries in the hip based on the available evidence whilst highlighting new and innovative techniques. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature from PubMed (Medline), EMBASE, Google Scholar, British Nursing Index (BNI), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED) was undertaken from their inception to March 2017 using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Clinical outcome studies, prospective/retrospective case series and case reports that described the outcome of cartilage repair technique for the chondral injury in the hip were included. Studies on total hip replacement, animal studies, basic studies, trial protocols and review articles were excluded. RESULTS: The systematic review found 21 relevant papers with 596 hips. Over 80% of the included studies were published in or after 2010. Most studies were case series or case reports (18 studies, 85.7%). Arthroscopy was used in 11 studies (52.4%). The minimum follow-up period was six months. Mean age of the participants was 37.2 years; 93.5% of patients had cartilage injuries of the acetabulum and 6.5% of them had injuries of the femoral head. Amongst the 11 techniques described in the systematic review, autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis, osteochondral autograft transplantation and microfracture were the three frequently reported techniques. CONCLUSION: Over ten different techniques are available for cartilage repair in the hip, and most of them have good short- to medium-term outcomes. However, there are no robust comparative studies to assess superiority of one technique over another, and further research is required in this arena

Analyse spectrale des composantes d'un champ d'onde électromagnétique se propageant dans un magnétoplasma par un modèle AR vectoriel

Le modèle AR vectoriel est utilisé pour l'estimation simultanée, à une fréquence donnée, de tous les éléments de la matrice spectrale 3 x 3 des 3 composantes magnétiques d'un champ d'onde électromagnétique se propageant dans un magnétoplasma. Des tests à postériori, basés sur les propriétés des caractéristiques de propagation d'une onde dans un magnétoplasma (degré de polarisation, ellipticité, directions de normale d'onde) sont proposés pour juger de la qualité de l'estimation des matrices spectrales. Une application sur l'analyse de signaux artificiels monochromatiques émis du sol et reçus à bord du satellite GEOS 1 est présentée. Nous montrons que les valeurs obtenues pour le degré de polarisation et l'ellipticité, à partir du modèle AR, sont beaucoup plus proches des valeurs théoriques que celles obtenues à partir d'une analyse spectrale classique. Nous montrons également que, dans le problème de la détermination de la fonction de distribution des ondes à partir des éléments de la matrice spectrale, l'erreur de prédiction est plus faible avec le modèle AR vectoriel

Le drainage agricole après la réforme de la PAC

Agricultural drainage boomed in France during the 80's : the annual construction rate remained higher than 100000 ha throughout this period. Since the beginning of the 90's this annual rate has dropped to a value of about 40000 ha. This decrease resulted in several difficulties for all professionals involved in land drainage. The evolution was investigated through a questionnaire sent to all these actors. The new CAP (Common Agricultural Policy) as well as the climatic conditions are among the main factors explaining the recent trends. The new situation of the land drainage market is analysed in detail. / Après une décennie 80 marquée par un taux d'équipement annuel supérieur à 100000 ha, le marché du drainage a brusquement chuté au début des années 90 pour se stabiliser depuis 1993 à un rythme proche de 40000 ha. Cette diminution a conduit à une désorganisation de la filière française et à la disparition ou à la reconversion de nombreuses entreprises et de nombreux bureaux d'études. Une enquête a été réalisée en 1994 sous les auspices du RNED Hydraulique Agricole, de l'AFEID et du SNED pour déterminer la répartition et les causes de cette chute. Pour les acteurs de la filière drainage, la nouvelle PAC et le climat des dernières années sont les principaux responsables. Des raisons confirmées par une analyse approfondie des tendances et de la nouvelle géographie du drainage présentées dans cet article