Feeding Records of Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) From Wisconsin, Supplement

Basic to our understanding of any animal and its habitat requirements is knowing what it eats. Reported here are observations of feeding by 24 species of aphids encountered in Wisconsin over 2002-2010

Midwest Suction Trap Network

The Midwest Suction Trap Network was described in some detail in an earlier report from the Iowa State University Northeast Research and Demonstration Farm. This report is available online at: http://www.ag.iastate.edu/farms/10reports/Northeast/SuctionTrapNetwork.pdf. The Network has continued through the 2014 growing season with support from the North Central Soybean Research Program and soybean research programs from most of the Midwestern states. Currently, there is no funding to continue operating this network of suction traps, although a proposal to keep it operating for another three years has been submitted

Survivorship of soybean aphid biotypes (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on winter hosts, common and glossy buckthorn

The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a major pest of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., both in Asia where it is native, and in the USA where it is adventive. The rapid spread and establishment of the soybean aphid in the USA since its discovery in 2000 was successful because of extensive soybean production in the Midwest and the wide distribution of common buckthorn, Rhamnus cathartica (L.), its preferred primary winter host. The survivorship of four soybean aphid biotypes on com­mon and glossy buckthorn, Frangula alnus Mill., were compared. Our study showed that nymph oviparae of soybean aphid biotypes 1, 2, 3 and 4 reached adulthood and produced eggs on glossy buckthorn. When com­paring morphs between the hosts, greater numbers were recorded on common than glossy buckthorn, with one exception where the number of eggs per bud for soybean aphid biotype 2 was not different between the hosts. We found for the first-time soybean aphid biotypes 2 and 3 apterous males produced on common and glossy buckthorn. Morphological descriptions of live and mounted alate and apterous males are presented

New records of invasive aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on garlic mustard in the USA

Lipaphis alliariae Müller (Hemiptera: Aphididae) was identified from specimens collected in Lake County, Ohio, on the invasive garlic mustard, Alliaria petiolata (Bieb.) Cavara & Grande (Brassicaceae). The identification was performed on apterous viviparae using morphological and molecular data. Body color and shape of the cauda discriminated L. alliariae and L. pseudobrassicae Davis. Measurements of morphological characters of both species were similar, but they have distinct characters distinguishing them from L. erysimi Kaltenbach. Neighbor-joining analysis of cytochrome oxidase 1 (Cox1) barcoding indicated a close relation­ship of the aphids that feed on Brassicaceae, and the range of pair-wise distances for Cox1 barcoding of these species was 0.3–0.9%. Garlic mustard, Alliaria petiolata (Bieb.) Cavara & Grande (Brassicaceae) is a highly invasive weed species in the United States. It was brought from Europe in the 1800s for herbal uses and erosion control (Munger 2001; USDA 2022). Records of aphids that feed on garlic mustard include Aphis gossypii Glover, Brevicoryne brassicae Linnaeus, Lipaphis alliariae Müller, L. erysimi Kaltenbach, Myzus ascalonicus Doncaster, M. ornatus Laing, M. persicae (Sulzer), and Rhopalosiphoninus latysiphon Davidson (Blackman and Eastop 2022). Out of this list L. alliariae and L. erysimi were not included in the list of aphid species adventive to North America north of Mexico (Foottit et al. 2006; Skvarla et al. 2017). Our article presents new records of aphids on garlic mustard in the USA

New records of invasive aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on garlic mustard in the USA

Lipaphis alliariae Müller (Hemiptera: Aphididae) was identified from specimens collected in Lake County, Ohio, on the invasive garlic mustard, Alliaria petiolata (Bieb.) Cavara & Grande (Brassicaceae). The identification was performed on apterous viviparae using morphological and molecular data. Body color and shape of the cauda discriminated L. alliariae and L. pseudobrassicae Davis. Measurements of morphological characters of both species were similar, but they have distinct characters distinguishing them from L. erysimi Kaltenbach. Neighbor-joining analysis of cytochrome oxidase 1 (Cox1) barcoding indicated a close relation­ship of the aphids that feed on Brassicaceae, and the range of pair-wise distances for Cox1 barcoding of these species was 0.3–0.9%. Garlic mustard, Alliaria petiolata (Bieb.) Cavara & Grande (Brassicaceae) is a highly invasive weed species in the United States. It was brought from Europe in the 1800s for herbal uses and erosion control (Munger 2001; USDA 2022). Records of aphids that feed on garlic mustard include Aphis gossypii Glover, Brevicoryne brassicae Linnaeus, Lipaphis alliariae Müller, L. erysimi Kaltenbach, Myzus ascalonicus Doncaster, M. ornatus Laing, M. persicae (Sulzer), and Rhopalosiphoninus latysiphon Davidson (Blackman and Eastop 2022). Out of this list L. alliariae and L. erysimi were not included in the list of aphid species adventive to North America north of Mexico (Foottit et al. 2006; Skvarla et al. 2017). Our article presents new records of aphids on garlic mustard in the USA

Feeding Records of Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) From Wisconsin, Supplement

Basic to our understanding of any animal and its habitat requirements is knowing what it eats. Reported here are observations of feeding by 24 species of aphids encountered in Wisconsin over 2002-2010

New Records of aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Industrial Hemp in the US Midwest

Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) production in the USA is increasing, and with it the list of insects colonizing the crop. In this article, we report new records of Aphis craccivora Koch 1854, Aphis fabae Scopoli, Aphis gossypiiGlover 1763, Aphis spiraecola Patch 1914 and Myzus persicae (Sulzer 1776) on industrial hemp in East Lansing, Michigan in fall 2020. In addition, between 2017 and 2020, the number of suction trap sites detecting P. cannabisincreased, and as well as the number of sites with multiple weeks of detections. The timing of detection changed, from only late season (fall migrants) in 2017, to catches spanning spring, summer, and fall in 2019 and 2020. These changes likely reflect the increase in industrial hemp production in the landscape in the Midwestern US

Revision of the taxonomic status of \u3ci\u3eAphis floridanae\u3c/i\u3e Tissot (Hemiptera: Aphididae) using morphological and molecular insight

Morphological and cytochrome oxidase 1 (Cox1) data show that Aphis floridanae Tissot (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is not synonymous with A. nasturtii Kaltenbach. Instead, A. floridanae matches the morphological characters of A. impatientis Thomas. Additionally, the range of cytochrome oxidase 1 (Cox1) pair-wise distance of the multiple collections of A. impatientis on Cornus spp., Impatiens spp. and Erechtites hieraciifolius (L.) Raf. ex DC. is 0–0.39%. Therefore, we conclude that A. floridanae Tissot, 1933 is a junior synonym of A. impatientis Thomas, 1878, new synonymy. In addition, A. impatientis is re-described, including first descriptions of the ovipara and alate male of that species

Potential Winter Hosts of Soybean Aphid

Species and cultivars of the genus Rhamnus and related genera in the Rhamnaceae were tested for their suitability as overwintering hosts of the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae). The tests were carried out in outdoor cages during the fall through spring of 2002–2003 and 2003–2004. Response of the aphid to the hosts varied from successful overwintering on three Rhamnus hosts to complete rejection of all species in other genera. Fall migrants (gynoparae), egg layers (oviparae), males and eggs were found on the exotic Rhamnus cathartica (L.), and native Rhamnus alnifolia L’Héritier and Rhamnus lanceolata Pursh. In the spring eggs hatched, colonies developed and spring migrants were produced on these hosts. Other Rhamnusspp. were accepted by fall migrants and some level of colony development occurred, but no overwintering eggs were deposited on them. The phenology of the production of the various morphs, egg deposition, and egg hatch are documented on the suitable hosts. The implications of our findings on soybean aphid ecology and management are discussed

Soybean aphid biotype 1 genome: Insights into the invasive biology and adaptive evolution of a major agricultural pest

The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a serious pest of the soybean plant, Glycine max, a major world-wide agricultural crop. We assembled a de novo genome sequence of Ap. glycines Biotype 1, from a culture established shortly after this species invaded North America. 20.4% of the Ap. glycines proteome is duplicated. These in-paralogs are enriched with Gene Ontology (GO) categories mostly related to apoptosis, a possible adaptation to plant chemistry and other environmental stressors. Approximately one-third of these genes show parallel duplication in other aphids. But Ap. gossypii, its closest related species, has the lowest number of these duplicated genes. An Illumina GoldenGate assay of 2380 SNPs was used to determine the world-wide population structure of Ap. Glycines. China and South Korean aphids are the closest to those in North America. China is the likely origin of other Asian aphid populations. The most distantly related aphids to those in North America are from Australia. The diversity of Ap. glycines in North America has decreased over time since its arrival. The genetic diversity of Ap. glycines North American population sampled shortly after its first detection in 2001 up to 2012 does not appear to correlate with geography. However, aphids collected on soybean Rag experimental varieties in Minnesota (MN), Iowa (IA), and Wisconsin (WI), closer to high density Rhamnus cathartica stands, appear to have higher capacity to colonize resistant soybean plants than aphids sampled in Ohio (OH), North Dakota (ND), and South Dakota (SD). Samples from the former states have SNP alleles with high FST values and frequencies, that overlap with genes involved in iron metabolism, a crucial metabolic pathway that may be affected by the Rag-associated soybean plant response. The Ap. glycines Biotype 1 genome will provide needed information for future analyses of mechanisms of aphid virulence and pesticide resistance as well as facilitate comparative analyses between aphids with differing natural history and host plant range