Alterations in Progesterone Receptor Isoform Balance in Normal and Neoplastic Breast Cells Modulates the Stem Cell Population

To investigate the role of PR isoforms on the homeostasis of stem cells in the normal and neoplastic mammary gland, we used PRA and PRB transgenic mice and the T47D human breast cancer cell line and its derivatives, T47D YA and YB (manipulated to express only PRA or PRB, respectively). Flow cytometry and mammosphere assays revealed that in murine breast, overexpression of PRB leads to an increase in luminal and basal progenitor/stem cells. Ovariectomy had a negative impact on the luminal compartment and induced an increase in mammosphere-forming capacity in cells derived from WT and PRA mice only. Treatment with ICI 182,780 augmented the mammosphere-forming capacity of cells isolated from WT and PRA mice, whilst those from PRB remained unaltered. T47D YB cells showed an increase in the CD44+/CD24Low/- subpopulation; however, the number of tumorspheres did not vary relative to T47D and YA, even though they were larger, more irregular, and had increased clonogenic capacity. T47D and YA tumorspheres were modulated by estrogen/antiestrogens, whereas YB spheres remained unchanged in size and number. Our results show that alterations in PR isoform balance have an impact on normal and tumorigenic breast progenitor/stem cells and suggest a key role for the B isoform, with implications in response to antiestrogens.Fil: Recouvreux, María Sol. University of California at Los Angeles. School of Medicine; Estados Unidos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Oncología "Ángel H. Roffo"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Díaz Bessone, María Inés. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Oncología "Ángel H. Roffo"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín; ArgentinaFil: Taruselli, María Agustina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Oncología "Ángel H. Roffo"; ArgentinaFil: Todaro, Laura Beatriz. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Oncología "Ángel H. Roffo"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Lago Huvelle, María Amparo. Universidad Nacional de San Martín; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Sampayo, Rocío Guadalupe. University of California at Berkeley; Estados Unidos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Bissell, Mina J.. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Estados UnidosFil: Simian, Marina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Oncología "Ángel H. Roffo"; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín; Argentin

IRGD-guided tamoxifen polymersomes inhibit estrogen receptor transcriptional activity and decrease the number of breast cancer cells with self-renewing capacity

Background: Tamoxifen (Tam) is the most frequent treatment for estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer. We recently showed that fibronectin (FN) leads to Tam resistance and selection of breast cancer stem cells. With the aim of developing a nanoformulation that would simultaneously tackle ER and FN/β1 integrin interactions, we designed polyethylene glycol-polycaprolactone polymersomes polymersomes (PS) that carry Tam and are functionalized with the tumor-penetrating iRGD peptide (iRGD-PS-Tam). Results: Polyethylene glycol-polycaprolactone PS were assembled and loaded with Tam using the hydration film method. The loading of encapsulated Tam, measured by UPLC, was 2.4 ± 0.5 mol Tam/mol polymer. Physicochemical characterization of the PS demonstrated that iRGD functionalization had no effect on morphology, and a minimal effect on the PS size and polydispersity (176 nm and Pdi 0.37 for iRGD-TAM-PS and 171 nm and Pdi 0.36 for TAM-PS). iRGD-PS-Tam were taken up by ER+ breast carcinoma cells in 2D-culture and exhibited increased penetration of 3D-spheroids. Treatment with iRGD-PS-Tam inhibited proliferation and sensitized cells cultured on FN to Tam. Mechanistically, treatment with iRGD-PS-Tam resulted in inhibition ER transcriptional activity as evaluated by a luciferase reporter assay. iRGD-PS-Tam reduced the number of cells with self-renewing capacity, a characteristic of breast cancer stem cells. In vivo, systemic iRGD-PS-Tam showed selective accumulation at the tumor site. Conclusions: Our study suggests iRGD-guided delivery of PS-Tam as a potential novel therapeutic strategy for the management of breast tumors that express high levels of FN. Future studies in pre-clinical in vivo models are warranted.Fil: Díaz Bessone, María Inés. Universidad Nacional de San Martin. Instituto de Nanosistemas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Simón Gracia, Lorena. University of Tartu; EstoniaFil: Scodeller, Pablo. University of Tartu; EstoniaFil: Ramirez, Maria de Los Angeles. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martin. Instituto de Nanosistemas; ArgentinaFil: Lago Huvelle, María Amparo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martin. Instituto de Nanosistemas; ArgentinaFil: Soler Illia, Galo Juan de Avila Arturo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martin. Instituto de Nanosistemas; ArgentinaFil: Simian, Marina. Universidad Nacional de San Martin. Instituto de Nanosistemas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Glypican-3 induces a mesenchymal to epithelial transition in human breast cancer cells

Breast cancer is the disease with the highest impact on global health, beingmetastasis the main cause of death. To metastasize, carcinoma cells must reactivate a latent program called epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), through which epithelial cancer cells acquire mesenchymal-like traits.Glypican-3 (GPC3), a proteoglycan involved in the regulation of proliferationand survival, has been associated with cancer. In this study we observed thatthe expression of GPC3 is opposite to the invasive/metastatic ability of Hs578T,MDA-MB231, ZR-75-1 and MCF-7 human breast cancer cell lines. GPC3 silencingactivated growth, cell death resistance, migration, and invasive/metastatic capacity of MCF-7 cancer cells, while GPC3 overexpression inhibited these properties in MDA-MB231 tumor cell line. Moreover, silencing of GPC3 deepened the MCF-7 breast cancer cells mesenchymal characteristics, decreasing the expression of the epithelial marker E-Cadherin. On the other side, GPC3 overexpression induced the mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) of MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells, which re-expressed E-Cadherin and reduced the expression of vimentin and N-Cadherin.While GPC3 inhibited the canonical Wnt/β-Catenin pathway in the breast cancer cells, this inhibition did not have effect on E-Cadherin expression. We demonstrated that the transcriptional repressor of E-Cadherin - ZEB1 - is upregulated in GPC3 silenced MCF-7 cells, while it is downregulated when GPC3 was overexpressed in MDA-MB231 cells.We presented experimental evidences showing that GPC3 induces the E-Cadherinre-expression in MDA-MB231 cells through the downregulation of ZEB1.Our data indicate that GPC3 is an important regulator of EMT in breast cancer,and a potential target for procedures against breast cancer metastasisFil: Castillo, Lilian Fedra. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Oncología ; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Tascón, Rocío Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Oncología ; ArgentinaFil: Lago Huvelle, María Amparo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Novack, Gisela Vanina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Oncología ; ArgentinaFil: Llorens de Los Ríos, María Candelaria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; ArgentinaFil: Ferreira Dos Santos, Ancély. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Shortrede, Jorge Eduardo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Oncología ; ArgentinaFil: Cabanillas, Ana Maria de Los A.. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología; ArgentinaFil: Bal, Elisa Dora. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Oncología ; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Labriola, Leticia. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Peters, María Giselle. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Oncología ; Argentin

Toxicity assessment of nanomaterials

In the last decades, nanoscience had a spectacular evolution providing new, versatile engineered nanomaterials and nanotools with a plethora of applications in very diverse fields ranging from energy storage to medicine. Among the palette of nanomaterials, magnetic nanoparticles (in particular iron oxide-based) present unique physicochemical properties that are actively being exploited in the biomedical field. Currently, they are used for induced magnetic hyperthermia cancer treatments, as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging, as cell tracking elements, and for drug delivery modalities. In parallel to the growth of nanoscience and the everincreasing applications of nanomaterials, concerns regarding the safety and toxicity of nanoparticles have arisen, both during and post-administration. In this chapter, we review key concepts related to nanotoxicology and to the fate of nanomaterials in the human body. A detailed description about the most accepted and practiced in vitro and in vivo methods used to evaluate the toxicity of nanomaterials is provided, with emphasis in magnetic nanomaterials for nanomedicine applications.Fil: Tasso, Mariana Patricia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas; ArgentinaFil: Lago Huvelle, María Amparo. Universidad Nacional de San Martín; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Díaz Bessone, María Inés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín; ArgentinaFil: Picco, Agustin Silvio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas; Argentin

A heterotypic tridimensional model to study the interaction of macrophages and glioblastoma in vitro

Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most frequent and aggressive primary brain tumor, and macrophages account for 30–40% of its composition. Most of these macrophages derive from bone marrow monocytes playing a crucial role in tumor progression. Unraveling the mechanisms of macrophages-GBM crosstalk in an appropriate model will contribute to the development of specific and more successful therapies. We investigated the interaction of U87MG human GBM cells with primary human CD14+ monocytes or the THP-1 cell line with the aim of establishing a physiologically relevant heterotypic culture model. Methods: primary monocytes and THP-1 cells were cultured in the presence of U87MG conditioned media or co-cultured together with previously formed GBM spheroids. Monocyte differentiation was determined by flow cytometry. Results: primary monocytes differentiate to M2 macrophages when incubated with U87MG conditioned media in 2-dimensional culture, as determined by the increased percentage of CD14+CD206+ and CD64+CD206+ populations in CD11b+ cells. Moreover, the mitochondrial protein p32/gC1qR is expressed in monocytes exposed to U87MG conditioned media. When primary CD14+ monocytes or THP-1 cells are added to previously formed GBM spheroids, both invade and establish within them. However, only primary monocytes differentiate and acquire a clear M2 phenotype characterized by the upregulation of CD206, CD163, and MERTK surface markers on the CD11b+CD14+ population and induce alterations in the sphericity of the cell cultures. Conclusion: our results present a new physiologically relevant model to study GBM/macrophage interactions in a human setting and suggest that both soluble GBM factors, as well as cell-contact dependent signals, are strong inducers of anti-inflammatory macrophages within the tumor niche.Fil: Gattas, María José. Universidad Nacional de San Martin. Instituto de Nanosistemas; ArgentinaFil: Estecho, Ivana Gisele. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Farmacología; ArgentinaFil: Lago Huvelle, María Amparo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martin. Instituto de Nanosistemas; ArgentinaFil: Errasti, Andrea Emilse. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Farmacología; Argentina. Instituto Superior de Formacion Docente y Tecnica Numero 24 Doctor Bernardo Houssay.; ArgentinaFil: Carrera Silva, Eugenio Antonio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Simian, Marina. Universidad Nacional de San Martin. Instituto de Nanosistemas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Signaling network involved in the GPC3-induced inhibition of breast cancer progression: role of canonical Wnt pathway

Purpose: We have shown that GPC3 overexpression in breast cancer cells inhibits in vivo tumor progression, by acting as a metastatic suppressor. GPC3-overexpressing cells are less clonogenic, viable and motile, while their homotypic adhesion is increased. We have presented evidences indicating that GPC3 inhibits canonical Wnt and Akt pathways, while non-canonical Wnt and p38MAPK cascades are activated. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether GPC3-induced Wnt signaling inhibition modulates breast cancer cell properties as well as to describe the interactions among pathways modulated by GPC3. Methods: Fluorescence microscopy, qRT-PCR microarray, gene reporter assay and Western blotting were performed to determine gene expression levels, signaling pathway activities and molecule localization. Lithium was employed to activate canonical Wnt pathway and treated LM3-GPC3 cell viability, migration, cytoskeleton organization and homotypic adhesion were assessed using MTS, wound healing, phalloidin staining and suspension growth assays, respectively. Results: We provide new data demonstrating that GPC3 blocks—also at a transcriptional level—both autocrine and paracrine canonical Wnt activities, and that this inhibition is required for GPC3 to modulate migration and homotypic adhesion. Our results indicate that GPC3 is secreted into the extracellular media, suggesting that secreted GPC3 competes with Wnt factors or interacts with them and thus prevents Wnt binding to Fz receptors. We also describe the complex network of interactions among GPC3-modulated signaling pathways. Conclusion: GPC3 is operating through an intricate molecular signaling network. From the balance of these interactions, the inhibition of breast metastatic spread induced by GPC3 emerges.Fil: Fernández, Dolores. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Oncología; ArgentinaFil: Guereño, Macarena. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Oncología; ArgentinaFil: Lago Huvelle, María Amparo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Oncología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Cercato, Magalí Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Oncología; ArgentinaFil: Peters, María Giselle. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Oncología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Recognition of saccharides in the NIR region with a novel fluorogenic boronolectin: in vitro and live cell labeling

This work describes a novel mono-boronic acid derivative of a tricarbocyanine. The probe is a genuine near-infrared fluorescence emitter with improved properties such as a large Stokes shift, excellent water solubility and sensitive fluorogenicity upon binding to carbohydrates under physiological conditions.Fil: Samaniego Lopez, Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono; ArgentinaFil: Lago Huvelle, María Amparo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Uhrig, Maria Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono; ArgentinaFil: Coluccio Leskow, Federico. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Spagnuolo, Carla Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono; Argentin

Toxicity Assessment of Nanomaterials

In the last decades, nanoscience had a spectacular evolution providing new, versatile engineered nanomaterials and nanotools with a plethora of applications in very diverse fields ranging from energy storage to medicine. Among the palette of nanomaterials, magnetic nanoparticles (in particular iron oxide-based) present unique physicochemical properties that are actively being exploited in the biomedical field. Currently, they are used for induced magnetic hyperthermia cancer treatments, as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging, as cell tracking elements, and for drug delivery modalities. In parallel to the growth of nanoscience and the ever-increasing applications of nanomaterials, concerns regarding the safety and toxicity of nanoparticles have arisen, both during and post-administration. In this chapter, we review key concepts related to nanotoxicology and to the fate of nanomaterials in the human body. A detailed description about the most accepted and practiced in vitro and in vivo methods used to evaluate the toxicity of nanomaterials is provided, with emphasis in magnetic nanomaterials for nanomedicine applications.Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicada

Copper upcycling by hierarchical porous silica spheres functionalized with branched polyethylenimine: Antimicrobial and catalytic applications

The increment of environmental pollution from heavy metals released by industrial or urban sources drives the development of new smart adsorbents. In particular, copper pollution is a rising concern due to its presence in industrial streams and electronic wastes. Mesoporous silica is a useful adsorbent for copper uptake but it requires the incorporation of specific functionalities to enhance the uptake and selectivity. Branched polyethylenimine (PEI) is a specific copper chelate agent but its bulky structure hinders the loading on mesoporous supports. In this work, the incorporation of PEI on a hierarchical porous silica with wrinkled meso/macroporosity (w-SiO2) resulted in a smart adsorbent with higher copper adsorption capacity. After the uptake, the annealing of the adsorbed PEI-copper complex leads to a w-SiO2/CuO nanocomposite with outstanding antimicrobial properties and catalytic activity due to the enhanced copper bioavailability. The minimum inhibitory concentration of supported copper oxide on silica for E. coli in LB broth medium was 825.5 μg Cu/ml. Oxidation of the electron donor molecule ABTS in the presence of this nanocomposite and H2O2 is a first demonstrator of the potential application as a peroxidase-like nanozyme. The use of adsorbents with hierarchical porosity to support bulky functionalities with high selectivity is a novel strategy for heavy metals upcycling.Fil: Fuentes Flores, Keyla Mayerlin. Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados; México. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Onna, Diego Ariel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martin. Instituto de Nanosistemas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Rioual, Thibault. Sorbonne University. Faculty Of Science & Engineering.; FranciaFil: Lago Huvelle, María Amparo. Universidad Nacional de San Martin. Instituto de Nanosistemas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Britto, Fiona Macarena. Universidad Nacional de San Martin. Instituto de Nanosistemas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Simian, Marina. Universidad Nacional de San Martin. Instituto de Nanosistemas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Sánchez Domínguez, Margarita. Centro de Investigación En Materiales Avanzados; MéxicoFil: Soler Illia, Galo Juan de Avila Arturo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martin. Instituto de Nanosistemas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Aldabe Bilmes, Sara. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química, Física de los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energía. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química, Física de los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energía; Argentin