Streaming media over the Internet: Flow based analysis in live access networks

Multimedia service delivery over the Internet is a success. The number of services available and the number of people accessing them is huge. In this paper, we investigate multimedia streaming services over the Internet. Our analysis is based on traffic measurement in live access fiber-to-the-home networks. We study parameters like traffic volume and flow characteristics for selected services. Especially the Swedish P2P video service Voddler and the Swedish P2P music service Spotify are studied. We show that indeed these services are widely used (20% of local hosts using Voddler, 65 % of local hosts using Spotify). We also show that they are different concerning the flow characteristics, with many short flows for Voddler and longer flows for Spotify. One thing that they have in common in our measurements is that the outbound, or uplink, traffic volume is larger than the inbound

Leveraging network and traffic measurements for content distribution and interpersonal communication services with sufficient quality

In this paper, we discuss research problems for enabling content distribution and supporting real-time interpersonal communication services (e.g. voice and video) over best effort networks with sufficient quality. We take a practical view of content distribution and quality, and this is the reason for the term “sufficient”. We argue that the understanding of quality as perceived by the user is a key factor in this context, but also that the understanding of context dependence is a key factor for delivering services which are “good enough” to make the user satisfied. We base our assumptions upon results from the Celtic TRAMMS project, and we describe how to leverage upon the framework for traffic measurements that was built up in that project. Moreover, we identify key technological components that are common for optimization of content delivery and real-time interpersonal communication services such as VoIP and videoconferencing. We also describe how the research problems stated will be tackled in the newly started IPNQSIS project

Power Consumption Analysis of FTTH Networks

With increasing usage of the Internet, energy consumption of network equipment has become a crucial challenge from both an economic and an environmental point of view. This paper combines users’ behavior of accessing the network with energy saving algorithms for energy-aware network equipment, and investigates potential energy savings in the access network. The study is based on a set of traffic data that collected from a real residential fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) network during three continuous months in 2013. The results show that on average every household link in the access network can potentially save at least 18% energy consumption with sleep-mode enabled equipment

Prefetching Schemes and Performance Analysis for TV on Demand Services

TV-on-Demand services have become one of the most popular Internet applications that continuously attracts high user interest. With rapidly increasing user demands, the existing network conditions may not be able to ensure a low start-up delay of video playback. Prefetching has been broadly investigated to cope with the start-up latency problem, which is also known as user perceived latency. In this paper, two datasets from different IPTV providers are used to analyse the TV program request patterns. According to the results, we propose a prefetching scheme at the user end to preload videos before user requests. For both datasets, our prefetching scheme significantly improves the cache hit ratio compared to passive caching and we note that there is a potential to further improve prefetching performance by customizing prefetching schemes for different video categories. We further present a cost model to determine the optimal number of videos to prefetch. We also discuss if there is enough time for prefetching. Finally, more factors, which may have an impact on optimizing prefetching performance, are further discussed, such as the jump patterns over different time in a day and the the distribution of each video’s viewing length

Vaikean atooppisen ekseeman nykyhoito

Vertaisarvioitu. English summary.• Vaikean atooppisen ekseeman tehokas hoito on tärkeää, koska sairauteen liittyy merkittävää elämänlaadun sekä työ- ja toimintakyvyn heikkenemistä. • Hoito etenee paikallishoitojen ja valohoitojen kautta systeemilääkkeisiin, joita ovat perinteiset ¬immuunisalpaajat sekä uudet biologiset lääkkeet ja JAK:n estäjät. • IL-4-reseptorivasta-aine dupilumabi, IL-13-vasta-aine tralokinumabi sekä JAK:n estäjät barisitinibi ja ¬upadasitinibi ovat uusia vaikean atooppisen ekseeman hoitoon tarkoitettuja lääkkeitä. • Kun vaikea atooppinen ekseema ei reagoi asianmukaisesti toteutettuun paikallishoitoon, ¬potilas tulee lähettää erikoislääkärille systeemihoidon arvioon.Peer reviewe

Vaikean atooppisen ekseeman nykyhoito

Vaikean atooppisen ekseeman tehokas hoito on tärkeää, koska sairauteen liittyy merkittävää elämänlaadun sekä työ- ja toimintakyvyn heikkenemistä.Hoito etenee paikallishoitojen ja valohoitojen kautta systeemilääkkeisiin, joita ovat perinteiset ­immuunisalpaajat sekä uudet biologiset lääkkeet ja JAK:n estäjät.IL-4-reseptorivasta-aine dupilumabi, IL-13-vasta-aine tralokinumabi sekä JAK:n estäjät barisitinibi ja ­upadasitinibi ovat uusia vaikean atooppisen ekseeman hoitoon tarkoitettuja lääkkeitä.Kun vaikea atooppinen ekseema ei reagoi asianmukaisesti toteutettuun paikallishoitoon, ­potilas tulee lähettää erikoislääkärille systeemihoidon arvioon.</div

Vaikean atooppisen ekseeman nykyhoito

• Vaikean atooppisen ekseeman tehokas hoito on tärkeää, koska sairauteen liittyy merkittävää elämänlaadun sekä työ- ja toimintakyvyn heikkenemistä. • Hoito etenee paikallishoitojen ja valohoitojen kautta systeemilääkkeisiin, joita ovat perinteiset ­immuunisalpaajat sekä uudet biologiset lääkkeet ja JAK:n estäjät. • IL-4-reseptorivasta-aine dupilumabi, IL-13-vasta-aine tralokinumabi sekä JAK:n estäjät barisitinibi ja ­upadasitinibi ovat uusia vaikean atooppisen ekseeman hoitoon tarkoitettuja lääkkeitä. • Kun vaikea atooppinen ekseema ei reagoi asianmukaisesti toteutettuun paikallishoitoon, ­potilas tulee lähettää erikoislääkärille systeemihoidon arvioon.publishedVersionPeer reviewe

Structural determinants in ApoA-I amyloidogenic variants explain improved cholesterol metabolism despite low HDL levels.

Twenty Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) variants are responsible for a systemic hereditary amyloidosis in which protein fibrils can accumulate in different organs, leading to their failure. Several ApoA-I amyloidogenic mutations are also associated with hypoalphalipoproteinemia, low ApoA-I and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol plasma levels; however, subjects affected by ApoA-I-related amyloidosis do not show a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The structural features, the lipid binding properties and the functionality of four ApoA-I amyloidogenic variants were therefore inspected in order to clarify the paradox observed in the clinical phenotype of the affected subjects. Our results show that ApoA-I amyloidogenic variants are characterized by a different oligomerization pattern and that the position of the mutation in the ApoA-I sequence affects the molecular structure of the formed HDL particles. Although lipidation increases ApoA-I proteins stability, all the amyloidogenic variants analyzed show a lower affinity for lipids, both in vitro and in ex vivo mouse serum. Interestingly, the lower efficiency at forming HDL particles is compensated by a higher efficiency at catalysing cholesterol efflux from macrophages. The decreased affinity of ApoA-I amyloidogenic variants for lipids, together with the increased efficiency in the cholesterol efflux process, could explain why, despite the unfavourable lipid profile, patients affected by ApoA-I related amyloidosis do not show a higher CVD risk

Tumor cell-specific Serpin A1 expression in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma

PurposeThe two main etiological factors for vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (vSCC) are the vulvar dermatosis lichen sclerosus (LS) and high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV). Serpin A1 (α1-antitrypsin) is a serine protease inhibitor, which plays a role in the tumorigenesis of various cancer types. The aim of the study was to evaluate the expressions of Serpin A1 in LS, premalignant vulvar lesions, and vSCC using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and serum analysis, and to compare Serpin A1 stainings to the tumor markers p53 and p16.MethodsIn total, 120 samples from 74 patients were studied with IHC for Serpin A1, p53 and p16: 18 normal vulvar skin, 53 LS, 9 premalignant vulvar lesions (dVIN/HSIL) and 40 vSCC samples. Serum concentrations of Serpin A1 were analyzed from 30 LS, 44 vSCC and 10 control patients. Expressions were compared to clinical data.ResultsTumor cell-specific Serpin A1 overexpression was detected in 88% of vSCC samples, independent of the etiology. The intensity of Serpin A1 expression was significantly higher in vSCC than in healthy vulvar skin, LS, or premalignant vulvar lesions. Serpin A1 showed an association with p53 positivity. No difference in overall survival was found between Serpin A1-, p53-, or p16-positive vSCC patients. Serum concentrations of Serpin A1 were equal in the LS, vSCC, and control groups.ConclusionTumor cell-specific Serpin A1 overexpression is a potential biomarker in vSCC.</div