9 research outputs found

    Detonation in hydrogen–nitrous oxide–diluent mixtures: An experimental and numerical study

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    Knowledge of H_2–N_2O mixtures explosive properties is important to the safety of nuclear waste storage and semi-conductor manufacturing processes. The present study provides new experimental data on H_2–N_2O detonations, and proposes a thermochemical model which is used to numerically simulate detonation propagation. Detonation cell size has been measured in a variety of H_2–N_2O–Ar mixtures. Even at low initial pressure, these mixtures are very sensitive to detonation with cell size of few millimeters. Using a reduced version of a detailed reaction scheme, 2-D Euler simulations have been used to examine the features of detonation in H_2–N_2O–Diluent mixtures. A PLIF model has been applied to allow for direct comparison with experimental results. Statistical analysis of the cellular cycle dynamics has been performed

    Etude expérimentale de la transition forcée déflagration-détonation en phase gazeuse et en présence de spray

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    Les dispositifs permettant d obtenir une propulsion par onde de détonation et les systÚmes chimiques sont souvent conçus pour obtenir une transition forcée déflagration/détonation en partant d une faible énergie d allumage. Peu de solutions avaient été orientées vers le couplage des deux techniques : un ensemble d obstacles et des systÚmes d injection de gaz chauds synchronisée avec l arrivée du front de flamme ou d une onde de choc. L étude ici présentée concerne la réalisation de tels systÚmes. Un dispositif d accélération de flamme permettant de réaliser une transition déflagration détonation (TDD) et un systÚme permettant d obtenir une détonation avec un carburant liquide injecté sous forme de spray juste avant le passage de l onde de choc ou de détonation dans un milieu réactif gazeux n-heptane/oxygÚne/argon sont conçu à cet effet.En ce qui concerne la transition Déflagration Détonation forcée en phase gazeuse, deux cas ont été étudiés : l effet de l injection de gaz chauds derriÚre une onde de choc de faible intensité sur le couplage choc/réaction chimique d une part et l influence de l injection de gaz chauds sur une flamme accélérée par une spirale de Schelkin d autre part. Il a été montré que l ajout de gaz chauds et de gaz brûlés ainsi qu une inflammation en amont d une onde de choc peut avoir un effet promoteur sur la transition déflagration/détonation.ORLEANS-BU Sciences (452342104) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Comportement poro-mécanique de l'annulus fibrosus

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    Lorsque la colonne vertĂ©brale est soumise Ă  un chargement mĂ©canique, l'annulus fibrosus subis une tension circonfĂ©rentielle situĂ©e entre 3% et 10%. Pour rĂ©sister Ă  cette forte tension circonfĂ©rentielle, la structure biologique s'est structurĂ©e autour de fibres de collagĂšne tissĂ©es dans une matrice fortement hydratĂ©e. Cette structure tissĂ©e commence Ă  ĂȘtre cernĂ©e mais son rĂŽle dans le transport des nutriments n'a pour l'instant peu Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©. Lors de cycles journaliers, la mĂ©canique de transfert peut ĂȘtre perturbĂ©e par les Ă©coulements du fluide extracellulaire impliquĂ©s par les dĂ©formations mĂ©caniques ainsi que par des variations gĂ©omĂ©triques et directionnelles de la permĂ©abilitĂ© des plateaux cartilagineux. Dans un milieux poro-Ă©lastique dĂ©formable tel que l'annulus fibrosus, le taux de variation volumique du tissu joue un rĂŽle essentiel. Sa structuration tissulaire formĂ©e autour de fibres longues ayant une orientation privilĂ©giĂ©e, peut rĂ©vĂ©ler une variation volumique nĂ©gative et ainsi jouer un rĂŽle essentiel dans la prĂ©vision des pression intra-tissulaire qui conditionnent les flux de nutriment. Nous proposons d'effectuer des mesures expĂ©rimentales afin d'expliquer le comportement anisotrope de la macrostructure et d'Ă©valuer l'impact de l'organisation du tissu sur la pression intra-tissulaire

    Formulation reproducing the ignition delays simulated by a detailed mechanism: Application to n-heptane combustion

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    This article is part of the project to model the kinetics of high-temperature combustions, occurring behind shock waves and in detonation waves. The "conventional" semi-empirical correlations of ignition delays have been reformulated, by keeping the Arrhenius equation form. It is shown how it polynomial with 3(N) Coefficients (where N is an element of [1, 4] is the number of adjustable kinetic parameters, likely to be simultaneously chosen among the temperature T, the pressure P, the inert fraction X-Ar, and the equivalence ratio Phi) can reproduce the delays predicted by the Curran et al. [H.J. Curran, P. Gaffuri, W.J. Pitz. C.K. Westbrook, Combust. Flame 129 (2002) 253-280] detailed mechanism (565 species and 22538 reactions), over it wide range of conditions (comparable with the validity domain). The deviations between the simulated times and their fits (typically 1%) are definitely lower than the Uncertainties related to the mechanism (at least 25%). In addition. using, this new formalism to evaluate these durations is about 10(6) times faster than simulating them With SENKIN (CHEMKIN III package) and only 10 times slower than using the classical correlations. The adaptation of the traditional method for predicting delays is interesting, for modeling. because those performances are difficult to obtain simultaneously with Other reduction methods (either purely mathematical, chemical, or even mixed). After a physical and mathematical justification of the proposed formalism, some of its potentialities for n-heptane combustion are presented. In particular, the trends of simulated delays and activation energies are shown for T is an element of [1500 K, 1900 K], P is an element of [10 kPa, 1 MPa] X-Ar is an element of [0, 0, 7], and Phi is an element of [0.25, 4.0]. (C) 2008 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

    Chemistry induced by low-energy electrons in condensed multilayers of ammonia and carbon dioxide

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    International audienceWe have investigated by means of HREEL spectroscopy electron induced reactivity in a binary CO2 : NH3 ice mixture. It was shown that the interaction of low energy electrons (9-20 eV) with such mixtures induces the synthesis of neutral carbamic acid NH2COOH and that flashing the sample at 140 K induces the formation of ammonium carbamate. The products have been assigned by FTIR spectroscopy of a CO2 : NH3 mixture heated from 10 K to 240 K. A mechanism involving dissociation of NH3 molecules into NH2 and H radicals is proposed to explain the product formation

    Brain Cross‐Protection against SARS‐CoV‐2 Variants by a Lentiviral Vaccine in New Transgenic Mice

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    International audienceCOVID-19 vaccines already in use or in clinical development may have reduced efficacy against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. In addition, although the neurotropism of SARS-CoV-2 is well established, the vaccine strategies currently developed have not taken into account protection of the central nervous system. Here, we generated a transgenic mouse strain expressing the human Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2, and displaying unprecedented brain permissiveness to SARS-CoV-2 replication, in addition to high permissiveness levels in the lung. Using this stringent transgenic model, we demonstrated that a non-integrative lentiviral vector, encoding for the spike glycoprotein of the ancestral SARS-CoV-2, used in intramuscular prime and intranasal boost elicits sterilizing protection of lung and brain against both the ancestral virus, and the Gamma (P.1) variant of concern, which carries multiple vaccine escape mutations. Beyond induction of strong neutralizing antibodies, the mechanism underlying this broad protection spectrum involves a robust protective T-cell immunity, unaffected by the recent mutations accumulated in the emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants
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