Chemical Evaluation, Antioxidant, Antiproliferative, Anti-Inflammatory and Antibacterial Activities of Organic Extract and Semi-Purified Fractions of the Adriatic Sea Fan, Eunicella cavolini

Due to sedentary lifestyle and harsh environmental conditions, gorgonian coral extracts are recognized as a rich source of novel compounds with various biological activities, of interest to the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. The presented study aimed to perform chemical screening of organic extracts and semi-purified fractions obtained from the common Adriatic gorgonian, sea fan, Eunicella cavolini (Koch, 1887) and explore its abilities to exert different biological effects in vitro. Qualitative chemical evaluation revealed the presence of several classes of secondary metabolites extended with mass spectrometry analysis and tentative dereplication by using Global Natural Product Social Molecular Networking online platform (GNPS). Furthermore, fractions F4 and F3 showed the highest phenolic (3.28 ± 0.04 mg GAE/g sample) and carotene (23.11 ± 2.48 mg β-CA/g sample) content, respectively. The fraction F3 inhibited 50% of DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl- hydrazyl-hydrate) and ABTS (2, 2′-azino-bis (3- ethylbenzthiazolin-6-yl) sulfonic acid) radicals at the concentrations of 767.09 ± 11.57 and 157.16 ± 10.83 µg/mL, respectively. The highest anti-inflammatory potential was exhibited by F2 (IC50 = 198.70 ± 28.77 µg/mL) regarding the inhibition of albumin denaturation and F1 (IC50 = 254.49 ± 49.17 µg/mL) in terms of soybean lipoxygenase inhibition. In addition, the most pronounced antiproliferative effects were observed for all samples (IC50 ranging from 0.82 ± 0.14–231.18 ± 46.13 µg/mL) against several carcinoma cell lines, but also towards non-transformed human fibroblasts pointing to a generally cytotoxic effect. In addition, the antibacterial activity was tested by broth microdilution assay against three human pathogenic bacteria: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. The latter was the most affected by fractions F2 and F3. Finally, further purification, isolation and characterization of pure compounds from the most active fractions are under investigation

Glycochemical Applications of Diels-Alder Reaction

International audienceCarbohydrates and their analogs are key molecules with a wide range of biological activities. These bioactive compounds are usually synthesized through derivatization of naturally occurring carbohydrates. Nevertheless, this strategy suffers from a limited range of naturally available monosaccharide building blocks and the necessity of laborious steps of protection and deprotection. Consequently new methods began to emerge and Diels-Alder reaction appeared to be a method of choice for their de novo production. The synthesis of carbohydrates and their analogs by means of cycloaddition reactions will be reviewed here. Moreover the potentiality of the use of monosaccharides to induce chirality in Diels-Alder reaction will be presented. Efficient methods for the synthesis of di- and trisaccharides using the developments shown previously will be also introduced

Construction of Polypropionate Fragments in Natural Product Synthesis

Emphasizing synthetic strategy and practice, Stereoselective Synthesis of Drugs and Natural Products features experimental procedures for stereoselective synthetic reactions applicable to drug targets and natural products. Compiling material from leading contributors into one cohesive resource, this practical resource on synthetic methodology, reaction mechanisms, and applications for medicinal chemistry and drug discovery explores strategy and interdisciplinary work, laboratory synthesis for natural products, the preparative aspects of stereoselective synthesis for drugs, natural products, and potential biologically active compounds. The text also features experimental procedures for the different reaction methods covered

Amide Synthesis by Transamidation of Primary Carboxamides

International audienceThe amide functionality is one of the most important and widely used groups in nature and in medicinal and industrial chemistry. Because of its importance and as the actual synthetic methods suffer from major drawbacks, such as the use of a stoichiometric amount of an activating agent, epimerization and low atom economy, the development of new and efficient amide bond forming reactions is needed. A number of greener and more effective strategies have been studied and developed. The transamidation of primary amides is particularly attractive in terms of atom economy and as ammonia is the single byproduct. This review summarizes the advancements in metal-catalyzed and organocatalyzed transamidation methods. Lewis and Bronsted acid transamidation catalysts are reviewed as a separate group. The activation of primary amides by promoter, as well as catalyst- and promoter-free protocols, are also described. The proposed mechanisms and key intermediates of the depicted transamidation reactions are shown

Total Synthesis and Determination of the Absolute Configuration of (−)-Dolabriferol

A reaction cascade combining sulfur dioxide with a 1-oxy-1,3-diene and (E)-silyl enol ether formed the basis of a short total synthesis of (−)-dolabriferol. The absolute configuration of this natural product, which was first extracted from a gastropod mollusc in 1996, was established unequivocally

Synthesis of (E,Z)-1-Alkoxy-3-acyloxy-2-methylpenta-1,3-dienes via Danishefsky-Type Dienes or O-Acylation of Enones

1-Alkoxy-2-methyl-3-acyloxy-(E,E)-penta-1,3-dienes have been prepared applying among others a modified Danishefsky's general method, including chiral, racemic, and achiral derivatives

Total Asymmetric Syntheses of β-Hydroxy-δ-lactones via Umpolung with Sulfur Dioxide

Cyclic stereotriads and stereotetrads of the β-hydroxy-δ-lactone type, e.g. prelactones B and E, common in polyketides and polypropionates, are prepared via SO2-induced oxyallylations of enoxysilanes with (1E,3Z)-1-(1-phenylethoxy)penta-1,3-dien-3-yl carboxylates. Using (Z)- or (E)-enoxysilanes both 4,5-cis- or 4,5-trans-δ-lactones are obtained. Depending on the reduction method applied to the obtained aldol intermediates 5,6-trans or 5,6-cis-derivatives are formed. The δ-lactones can be prepared in both their enantiomeric forms depending on the (1R)- or (1S)-configuration of the starting 1-(1-phenylethoxy)penta-1,3-dienes

Total Asymmetric Syntheses of beta-Hydroxy-delta-lactones via Umpolung with Sulfur Dioxide

Cyclic stereotriads and stereotetrads of the beta-hydroxy-delta-lactone type, e.g. prelactones B and E, common in polyketides and polypropionates, are prepared via SO2-induced oxyallylations of enoxysilanes with (1E,3Z)-1-(1-phenylethoxy)penta-1,3-dien-3-yl carboxylates. Using (Z)- or (E)-enoxysilanes both 4,5-cis- or 4,5-trans-delta-lactones are obtained. Depending on the reduction method applied to the obtained aldol intermediates 5,6-trans or 5,6-cis-derivatives are formed. The delta-lactones can be prepared in both their enantiomeric forms depending on the (1R)- or (1S)-configuration of the starting 1-(1-phenylethoxy)penta-1,3-dienes