Autoantibodies against type I IFNs in patients with critical influenza pneumonia

In an international cohort of 279 patients with hypoxemic influenza pneumonia, we identified 13 patients (4.6%) with autoantibodies neutralizing IFN-alpha and/or -omega, which were previously reported to underlie 15% cases of life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia and one third of severe adverse reactions to live-attenuated yellow fever vaccine. Autoantibodies neutralizing type I interferons (IFNs) can underlie critical COVID-19 pneumonia and yellow fever vaccine disease. We report here on 13 patients harboring autoantibodies neutralizing IFN-alpha 2 alone (five patients) or with IFN-omega (eight patients) from a cohort of 279 patients (4.7%) aged 6-73 yr with critical influenza pneumonia. Nine and four patients had antibodies neutralizing high and low concentrations, respectively, of IFN-alpha 2, and six and two patients had antibodies neutralizing high and low concentrations, respectively, of IFN-omega. The patients' autoantibodies increased influenza A virus replication in both A549 cells and reconstituted human airway epithelia. The prevalence of these antibodies was significantly higher than that in the general population for patients 70 yr of age (3.1 vs. 4.4%, P = 0.68). The risk of critical influenza was highest in patients with antibodies neutralizing high concentrations of both IFN-alpha 2 and IFN-omega (OR = 11.7, P = 1.3 x 10(-5)), especially those <70 yr old (OR = 139.9, P = 3.1 x 10(-10)). We also identified 10 patients in additional influenza patient cohorts. Autoantibodies neutralizing type I IFNs account for similar to 5% of cases of life-threatening influenza pneumonia in patients <70 yr old

Le synchrotron rapidement pulsé du complexe EURISOL/Beta-Beam

Afin de répondre aus demandes des physiciens, plusieurs complexes de production de faisceaux de neutrinos purs, intenses, bien collimatés et dont le spectre en énergie est bien connu sont en cours d'étude. L'un d'eux, le projet Beta-Beam, est basé sur la production de neutrinos via la décroissance d'ions radioactifs préalablement accélérés. La thèse porte sur l'étude d'un des étages de ce complexe, à savoir l'anneau accumulateur-injecteur placé entre le linac de post accélération du complexe délivrant les faisceaux d'ions radioactifs (EURISOL) et le PS du CERN. Après avoir décrit les complexes EURISOL et Beta-Beam au début de ce mémoire, le formalisme lié au transport et à l'accélération des particules chargées dans un accélérateur circulaire est exposé. Dans la deuxième partie, les études portant sur la définition et l'optimisation de l'anneau accumulateur-injecteur sont exposées, en commençant par la structure optique de l'anneau puis les différentes simulations concernant la dynamique des faisceaux, à savoir l'injection multi-tours, l'accélération synchrone avec la localisation et l'intensité des pertes, l'extraction rapide, la correction de la chromaticité et des effets des courants de Foucault ainsi que les effets de charge d'espace. Enfin pour conclure ce mémoire une première définition des aimants principaux de l'accélérateur est proposée.In order to ask for physicians requests, some neutrinos facilities are under studies to produce pure, intense, well collimated neutrinos beams with a well determined energy spectrum. One of them, the Beta-Beam project, is based on neutrinos production by radioactive ion beams decay after acceleration. The thesis is focused on one step of the complex, namely the low energy ring required for accumulation and injection of ion beams between the post-acceleration linac of the EURISOL complex (dedicated complex for radioactive ion beam production) and the CERN PS. After the description of the EURISOL complex and the Beta-Beam complex, a description of charged particles beams transport formalism is given. Then, in the second part, studies on the definition and the optimisation of the ring are given, starting by optical structure then different simulations concerning beam dynamics, ie multiturn injection, synchronous acceleration with beam losses localization and intensity, fast extraction, chromaticity with eddy currents correction and space charge effects. Finally, a preliminary technical design of the RCS main magnets is proposed.STRASBOURG-Bib.Central Recherche (674822133) / SudocORSAY-PARIS 11-BU Sciences (914712101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Study of transverse beam splitting for multi-turn extraction for the CERN PS2 ring

In this paper a layout for the elements needed to split transversely the beam for a multi-turn extraction system in the PS2 ring is proposed and discussed. Additional sextupoles and octupoles are installed in one of the straight sections to generate the stable islands in the horizontal phase space. Scans over various beam dynamics quantities were performed to provide hints for an optimisation of the scheme. The results are presented and discussed in details

Design of low energy ring(s)

During the last two years, several upgrades of the initial baseline scenario were studied with the aim of increasing the average intensity of ion beams in the accelerator chain of the Beta Beam complex. This is the reason why the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) specifications were reconsidered many times [1], [2], [3].General considerations on the optical design were presented at the Beta Beam Task Meetings held at CERN and at Saclay in 2005 [4]. More detailed beam optics studies were performed during the next months. Lattices, RF system parameters, multi-turn injection scheme, fast extraction, closed orbit correction and chromaticity correction systems were proposed for different versions of the RCS [5], [6], [7].Finally, the RCS specifications have stabilized in November 2006 after the fourth Beta Beam Task Meeting when it was decided to fix the maximum magnetic rigidity of ion beams to 14.47 T.m (3.5 GeV equivalent proton energy) and to adopt a ring physical radius of 40 m in order to facilitate injection in the CERN PS.The present report describes this RCS new design which is based on the results of the previous studies and which fulfils all updated requirements

Speciation and reaction equilibrium constant modelling of aqueous hydrometallurgical systems at elevated temperatures: A review

Encrustation occurs in many processing fluids where high levels of dissolved solids are present, especially in processes that use heat transfer equipment. The deposition of these scales in the interior surfaces of an autoclave can cause major issues in the operation of industrial processes such as hydrometallurgy. The knowledge of the minerals' chemistry, distribution of the chemical forms of these minerals in the autoclave, and their solubility product can assist to inhibit these solid deposits. To model such systems, it is necessary to know the reactions involved and by extension their equilibrium constants. These electrolytic systems being strongly non-ideal, models of activity coefficients are necessary to deduce the concentration of each species. This review presents and compares various models for the calculation of activity coefficients and the thermodynamic equilibrium constants at temperatures above 25 °C. For model validity and comparison purposes, a case study on the speciation of the aqueous binary systems of H2SO4-Al2(SO4)3 and H2SO4−MgSO4 is presented and compared with experimental data. From the results obtained and in the framework presented above, the Density equilibrium constant model coupled with the Truesdell-Jones activity coefficient model gave the best fit with experimental data at the studied temperatures of 235, 250, 270, and 300 °C

GPU4S: Major project outcomes, lessons learnt and way forward

Embedded GPUs have been identified from both private and government space agencies as promising hardware technologies to satisfy the increased needs of payload processing. The GPU4S (GPU for Space) project funded from the European Space Agency (ESA) has explored in detail the feasibility and the benefit of using them for space workloads. Currently at the closing phases of the project, in this paper we describe the main project outcomes and explain the lessons we learnt. In addition, we provide some guidelines for the next steps towards their adoption in space.This work is funded by ESA under the GPU4S (GPU for Space) project (ITT AO/1-9010/17/NL/AF). It is also partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) under grants PID2019-107255GB and FJCI-2017-34095 and HiPEAC.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Conceptual Design Report for a Beta-Beam Facility

The Beta-Beam is a concept of large-scale facility that aims at providing pure electronic neutrino and antineutrino beams for the measurement of electron and muon neutrino oscillations. Beta-decaying nuclides are produced in large amounts in a facility of the scale of EURISOL, and are then post-accelerated and stored at large gamma in a racetrack decay ring. We present here a conceptual design of the accelerator chain of a Beta-Beam based at CERN

Beam dynamics issues in the FCC

International audienceThe international Future Circular Collider (FCC) study is designing hadron, lepton and lepton-hadron colliders based on a new 100 km tunnel in the Geneva region. The main focus and ultimate goal of the study are high-luminosity proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 100 TeV, using 16 T Nb3Sn dipole magnets. Specific FCC beam dynamics issues are related to the large circumference, the high brightness - made available by radiation damping -, the small geometric emittance, unprecedented collision energy and luminosity, the huge amount of energy stored in the beam, large synchrotron radiation power, plus the injection scenarios. In addition to the FCC-hh proper, also a High-Energy LHC (HE-LHC) is being explored, using the FCC-hh magnet technology in the existing LHC tunnel, which can yield a centre-of-mass energy around 25 TeV