Hard Hydrogenated Carbon Films With Low Stress

Analysis of hard a-C:H films with low stress prepared by methane plasma decomposition is reported. Films with hardness as high as 14 GPa and stress as low as 0.5 GPa were obtained. These films have a high Raman Id/Ig ratio (∼1.0), and small Tauc's band gap (∼0.4 eV). This letter also supplies strong evidence that the subimplantation deposition model, used to explain the formation of ta-C and ta-C:H films, is also valid for a-C:H films deposited by methane plasma decomposition. It is proposed that the rigidity of the films is basically provided by a matrix of dispersed cross-linked sp2 sites, in addition to the contribution of the sp3 sites. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.735617619Franceschini, D.F., Achete, C.A., Freire Jr., F.L., (1992) Appl. Phys. Lett., 60, p. 3229Chhowalla, M., Yin, Y., Amaratunga, G.A.J., McKenzie, D.R., Frauenheim, T., (1996) Appl. Phys. Lett., 69, p. 2344Hoffman, R.W., (1996) Physics of Thin Films, 3. , in edited by G. Hass and R. E. Thun Academic, New YorkJiang, X., Reichelt, K., Stritzker, B., (1989) J. Appl. Phys., 66, p. 5805Lifshitz, Y., Kasi, S.R., Rabalais, J.W., (1989) Phys. Rev. Lett., 68, p. 620Lifshitz, Y., Kasi, S.R., Rabalais, J.W., (1990) Phys. Rev. B, 41, p. 10468McKenzie, D.R., Muller, D., Pailthorpe, B.A., (1991) Phys. Rev. Lett., 67, p. 773Fallon, P.J., Veerasamy, V.S., Davis, C.A., Robertson, J., Amaratunga, G.A.J., Milne, W.I., Koskinen, J., (1993) Phys. Rev. B, 48, p. 4777Weiler, M., Sattel, S., Jung, K., Ehrhardt, H., Veerasamy, V.S., Robertson, J., (1994) Appl. Phys. Lett., 64, p. 2797Robertson, J., (1993) Diamond Relat. Mater., 2, p. 984Davis, C.A., (1993) Thin Solid Films, 226, p. 30Kohler, K., Coburn, J.W., Horne, D.E., Kay, E., (1985) J. Appl. Phys., 57, p. 59Chapman, B., (1980) Glow Discharge Process, , Wiley, New YorkMoller, W., (1993) Appl. Phys. A: Solids Surf., 56, p. 527Kleber, R., Weiler, M., Kruger, A., Sattel, S., Kunz, G., Jung, K., Ehrbardt, H., (1993) Diamond Relat. Mater., 2, p. 246Robertson, J., (1992) Phys. Rev. Lett., 68, p. 220Tamor, M.A., Vassell, W.C., Carduner, K.R., (1991) Appl. Phys. Lett., 58, p. 592Walters, J.K., Honeybone, P.J.R., Huxley, D.W., Newport, R., Howells, W.S., (1994) Phys. Rev. B, 50, p. 831Stephan, U., Frauenheim, T., Blaudeck, P., Jungnickel, G., (1994) Phys. Rev. B, 49, p. 1489Robertson, J., (1996) J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 198-200, p. 614Robertson, J., (1997) Diamond Relat. Mater., 6, p. 212Schwan, J., Ulrich, S., Batori, V., Ehrhardt, H., Silva, S.R.P., (1996) J. Appl. Phys., 80, p. 440Tamor, M., Vassel, W., (1994) J. Appl. Phys., 76, p. 446Prawer, S., Nugent, K.W., Lifshitz, Y., Lampert, G.D., Grossman, E., Kulik, J., Kalish, R., (1996) Diamond Relat. Mater., 5, p. 433Robertson, J., (1994) Pure Appl. Chem., 66, p. 1789Robertson, J., (1992) Surf. Coat. Technol., 50, p. 185Kelires, P.C., (1994) Phys. Rev. Lett., 73, p. 2460Amaratunga, G.A.J., Chhowalla, M., Kiely, C.J., Alexandrou, I., Devenish, R.M., (1996) Nature (London), 383, p. 32

Effects Of Stress On Electron Emission From Nanostructured Carbon Materials

The electron field emission from a graphite like amorphous carbon film was investigated. Threshold fields as low as 8 V/νm were observed at an assisting energy of 400eV. The field emission characteristics of the films were explained in terms of the high sp2 concentration, and the high intrinsic compressive stress modifying the electronic band structure of the film/graphitic nanostructures.21417101714McKenzie, D.R., Muller, D., Pailthope, B.A., (1991) Phys. Rev. Lett., 67, p. 773Schwan, J., Ulrich, S., Theel, T., Roth, H., Ehrhardt, H., Becker, P., Silva, S.R.P., (1997) J. Appl. Phys., 82, p. 6024Lifshitz, Y., Kasi, S.R., Rabalais, J.W., Eckstein, W., (1990) Phys. Rev. B, 41, p. 10468Robertson, J., (1993) Diamond Relat. Mater., 2, p. 984Lacerda, R.G., Hammer, P., Lepienski, C.M., Alvarez, F., Marques, F.C., (2001) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A, 19, p. 971Bhattacharyya, S., Subramanyam, S.V., (1997) Appl. Phys. Lett., 71, p. 632Kilic, C., Mehrez, H., Ciraci, S., (1998) Phys. Rev. B, 58, p. 7872Uher, C., Hockey, R.L., Ben-Jacob, E., (1987) Phys. Rev. B, 35, p. 4483Satyanarayana, B.S., Hart, A., Milne, W.I., Robertson, J., (1997) Appl. Phys. Lett., 71, p. 1430Carey, J.D., Forrest, R.D., Silva, S.R.P., (2001) Appl. Phys. Lett., 78, p. 2339Illie, A., Ferrari, C., Yagi, T., Robertson, J., (2000) Appl. Phys. Lett., 76, p. 2627De Lima M.M., Jr., Lacerda, R.G., Vilcarromero, J., Marques, F.C., (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 86, p. 4936Hoffman, R.W., (1966) Physics of Thin Films, 3, pp. 211-273. , edited by G. Hass and R. E. Thun (Academic, New YorkCarey, J.D., Silva, S.R.P., (2001) Appl. Phys. Lett., 78, p. 347Hammer, P., Victoria, N.M., Alvarez, F., (2000) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A, 18, p. 2277Lifshitz, Y., Lempert, G.D., Grossman, E., Avigal, L., Uzan-Saguy, C., Kalish, R., Khlik, J., Rabalais, J.W., (1995) Diamond Relat. Mater., 4, p. 318Fallon, P.J., Veerasamy, V.S., Davis, C.A., Robertson, J., Amaratunga, G.A.J., Milne, W.I., Koskinen, J., (1993) Phys. Rev. B, 48, p. 4777Ahuja, R., Auluck, S., Trygg, J., Wills, J.M., Eriksson, O., Johansson, B., (1995) Phys. Rev. B, 51, p. 4813Reynolds, W.N., Goggin, P.R., (1960) Philos. Mag., 5, p. 1049Lynch, R.W., Drickamer, H.G., (1966) J. Chem. Phys., 44, p. 181Chaumet, P.C., Dufour, J.P., (1998) J. Electrost., 43, p. 145Hryd, R., Charlier, A., McRae, E., (1997) Phys. Rev. B, 55, p. 682

The Kuiper Belt and Other Debris Disks

We discuss the current knowledge of the Solar system, focusing on bodies in the outer regions, on the information they provide concerning Solar system formation, and on the possible relationships that may exist between our system and the debris disks of other stars. Beyond the domains of the Terrestrial and giant planets, the comets in the Kuiper belt and the Oort cloud preserve some of our most pristine materials. The Kuiper belt, in particular, is a collisional dust source and a scientific bridge to the dusty "debris disks" observed around many nearby main-sequence stars. Study of the Solar system provides a level of detail that we cannot discern in the distant disks while observations of the disks may help to set the Solar system in proper context.Comment: 50 pages, 25 Figures. To appear in conference proceedings book "Astrophysics in the Next Decade