A Linear Model For Moving Measurements Estimation In Urban Climate Studies

Problem statement: Several methods can be adopted to study the variations in urban climate. The mobile measurement method is one of them, involving information provided by moving measurements of air temperature, that are taken in points defined along pre-established routes and also data from fixed-point temperature recording stations. Because moving measurements are made in different times along the measurement process, adjustments must be made in order to adequately analyze the air temperature measurements. Approach: Mobile measurements were taken in an urban area and contextualized in the domain of some fixed-point temperature recording stations. Therefore, a linear model proposed to investigate and represent the variables that influence moving measurements estimation in the urban context. Results: All proposed variables in the linear model were considered relevant, because all coefficients of the determined model were non null. Also, the identified model presents a good fit to the field data, as indicated by the resulting coefficient of determination (R2) that is 90.3%. Conclusion/Recommendations: The linear model described in this work is easy to apply, requiring few input variables. It is important to emphasize that the model was developed to estimate moving measurements as a function of fixed measurements and presents the potential to identify new input variables based on moving measurements, as shown by the fit among fixed and moving temperature measurements, in order to provide insight about other possible models of late time adjustment.© 2011 Science Publications.87685690Beeson, C., Blumberg, D., Brazel, A., Shashuabar, L., Combined Methods of Thermal Remote Sensing and Mobile Climate Transects In Beer Sheva, Israel (2005) Proceedings of the ISPRS joint conference, pp. 21-26. , http://www.isprs.org/proceedings/XXXVI/8-W27, Editors: M. Moeller and E. Wentz, ISPRS WG VIII/1 "Human Settlements and Impact Analysis, Mar. 14-16, Tempe, AZ, USACharabi, Y., Bakhit, A., Assessment of the canopy urban heat island of a coastal arid tropical city: The case of Muscat, Oman (2011) Atmospheric Res, 101, pp. 215-227. , DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2011.02.010(2011) Urban Development and Environment, , http://2009.campinas.sp.gov.br/seplama/deplan/deplan.htm, City Secretariat of PlanningDanazumi, S., Shamsudin, S., Aris, A., Modeling the distribution of rainfall intensity using hourly data (2010) Am. J. Environ. Sci, 6, pp. 238-243. , DOI: 10.3844/ajessp.2010.238.243El-Nesr, M.N., Abu-Zreig, M.M., Alazba, A.A., Temperature trends and distribution in the Arabian peninsula (2010) Am. J. Environ. Sci, 6, pp. 191-203. , DOI: 10.3844/ajessp.2010.191.203Kaiser, I.M., Faria, J.R.G., Validation of Transects For Air Temperature and Moisture Profiles Measurements In Urban Areas Under High Diurnal Air Temperatures Variation (2001) Proceedings of the 18 th Conference On Passive and Low Energy Architecture, pp. 571-575. , http://www.arct.cam.ac.uk/PLEA/Conference.aspx?p=9&ix=10&pid=2&prcid=33&ppid=522, Organizing Committee of PLEA'2001, Brazil Florianópolis Nov. 7-9Kudish, A.I., Evseev, E.G., The assessment of four different correction models applied to the diffuse radiation measured with a shadow ring using global and normal beam radiation measurements for Beer Sheva, Israel (2007) Solar Energy, 82, pp. 144-156. , DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2007.06.006Lee, E., Sharples, S., An Analysis of the Urban Heat Island of Sheffield- the Impact of a Changing Climate (2008) Proceedings of the 25th Conference On Passive and Low Energy Architecture, p. 396. , http://architecture.ucd.ie/Paul/PLEA2008/content/index.html, Oct. 22-24, University College Dublin, Dublin, SessionMirzaei, P.A., Haghighat, F., Approaches tostudy Urban Heat Island-Abilities and limitations (2010) Buil. Environ, 45, pp. 2192-2201. , DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2010.04.001Mota, A.A., Mota, L.T.M., Pezzuto, C.C., Object oriented modeling of thermostatically controlled devices for cold load pick-up (2011) J. Comput. Sci, 7, pp. 262-269. , DOI:10.3844/jcssp.2011.262.269Murphy, D.J., Hall, M.H., Hall, C.A.S., Heisler, G.M., Stehman, S.V., The relationship between land cover and the urban heat island in northeastern Puerto Rico (2011) Int. J. Climatol, 31, pp. 1099-1256. , DOI: 10.1002/joc.2145Nagara, K., Shimoda, Y., Mizuno, M., Evaluation of the thermal environment in an outdoor pedestrian space (1996) Atmospheric Environ, 30, pp. 497-505. , DOI: 10.1016/1352-2310(94)00354-8Oke, T.R., (2006) Initial Guidance to Obtain Representative Meteorological Observations At Urban Sites, p. 1250. , http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/IMOP/publications/IOM-81/IOM-81-UrbanMetObs.pdf, World Meteorological Organization. Instruments and Observing Methods Report No 81 WMO/TD-N°Pezzuto, C.C., Labaki, L.C., Filho, L.L.F., Urban Environment Analysis Through Mobile Measurements and City Maps: Example In Campinas, Brazil (2006) Proceedings of the 6 th International Conference On Urban Climate, International Association For Urban Climate (IAUC), pp. 505-508. , http://www.urbanclimate.org/, June 12-16, World Meteorological Organization and Goteborg University, Goteborg Sweden, ppRahnama-Rad, J., Bavali, M.Y., Derakhshani, R., Optimization of hydraulic parameters of iranshahr alluvial aquifer (2010) Am. J. Environ. Sci, 6, pp. 477-483. , DOI: 10.3844/ajessp.2010.477.483Sun, C.Y., Brazel, A.J., Chow, W.T.L., Hedquist, B.C., Prashad, L., Desert heat island study in winter by mobile transect and remote sensing techniques (2009) Theoretical Applied Climatol, 98, pp. 323-335. , DOI: 10.1007/s00704-009-0120-2Thongwan, T., Kangrang, A., Homwuttiwong, S., An estimation of rainfall using fuzzy setgenetic algorithms model (2011) Am. J. Eng. Applied Sci, 4, pp. 77-81. , DOI:10.3844/ajeassp.2011.77.81Vicente-Serrano, S.M., Cuadrat-Prats, J., Saz-Sanchez, M., Spatial patterns of the urban heat island in Zaragoza (Spain) (2005) Climate Res, 30, pp. 61-69. , DOI: 10.3354/cr03006

Evaporative Cooling In Tropical Climate: Case Study Of Campinas, Brazil

In Brazil, a country with great territorial extension, a major extension of the territory is in tropical climate. So the challenge for researchers and designers is to achieve comfortable indoor temperatures and to contribute to energy saving. The objective of this paper is to present a discussion about the results obtained in a case study accomplished in cell-tests with roof evaporative cooling in Campinas, SP. Comparative monitoring of surface internal temperature of roof tiles, simultaneously with and without water spraying at different time intervals, as well as attic air temperatures of corresponding cell-tests are presented. The technique allowed verifying a significant difference in the tile surface internal temperature, even when water spraying occurred in small time intervals. Results show that evaporative cooling in fiber-cement tiles for heat attenuation with reduced time intervals of water spraying, even in season with high relative humidity could be a passive cooling technique for low-income housing, for which those tiles are frequently the only roof component.II887II891http://waste.ideal.es/pationazari.htmhttp://www.libanoshow.com/home/cultura_arabe/iberica.htmhttp://www.vitruvius.com.br/arquitextos/arq000/esp, 327.aspCook, J., (2002) Passive Cooling, , Cambridge: The Mit Press, 3rd printingGivoni, B., (1994) Passive and Low Energy Cooling of Buildings, , New York: Van Nostrand ReinholdGivoni, B., Performance of the shower cooling tower in different climates (1997) Renewable Energy, 10 (2-3), pp. 173-178Yajima, S., Givoni, B., Experimental performance of the shower cooling tower in Japan (1997) Renewable Energy, 10 (2-3), pp. 179-1983Tang, R., Etzion, E., Erell, E., Experimental studies on a novel roof pond configuration for the cooling of buildings (2003) Renewable Energy, 28, pp. 1513-1522Nahar, N.M., Sharma, P., Purohit, M.M., Performance of different passive techniques for cooling of buildings in arid regions (2003) Building and Environment, (38), pp. 109-116(2005) Norma Técnica 15220-3, , ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE NORMAS TÉCNICAS - ABNT Desempenho Térmico de Edificações. Parte 3 Zoneamento bioclimático brasileiro e diretrizes construtivas para habitações unifamiliares de interesse socia

Humidity-dependent Structural Changes In Native Collagen Studied By X-ray Diffractometry.

1. X-ray diffractometry was used in this work to study structural modifications of powdered native collagen submitted to repeated cycles of gradual drying and hydration. 2. Hysteresis effects known to exist in water sorption isotherms of this fibrous protein were detected in the plots of relative humidity vs integrated intensity of the wide angle X-ray reflections which constitute the main features of the diffraction pattern. 3. A gradual loss of structured material was observed after each drying and rehydration process. An increase in the amorphous regions of the fibrils could also be inferred from the diffraction data. 4. Drying the samples up to a critical degree of hydration (0.12 g H2O per g protein) did not produce a hysteresis loop in the plots of the parameters studied. 5. One-step drying-rehydration cycles did not seem to affect the order of the samples since they repeatedly recovered their original structure. The difference between these results and those of the gradual hydration processes may be attributed to the kinetic properties of biopolymer hydration. The rate of water removal seems to be an important factor in the structural modifications produced by the hydration (dehydration) process.24111512

Studies Of Thermal Behaviour Of Radiant Cooling In Tropical Climate

This paper presents studies about the performance of the built environment according to application of radiant cooling in roofing systems for the city of Campinas, SP. Studies involving the local architecture, constructive techniques, materials and climatic conditions are of increasing importance, indicating that the roof as construction element, is the most exposed to the climatic conditions in a building. The radiant cooling systems (sticking aluminum film - RCF) were applied to metallic and PVC pressured membrane covering. Results are expected to contribute in adapting projects to the local climatic characteristics, transferring knowledge to the designers and providing energy saving.1407411Olgyay, V., (2002) Arquitectura y Clima: Manual de Diseño Bioclimático Para Arquitectos y Urbanistas, Translated from the Original Design with Climate, , Gustavo Gilli, BarcelonaGivoni, B., Comfort, climate analysis and building design guidelines (1992) Energy and Buildings, 18(1998) Desempenho Térmico de Edificações, Parte 3: Zoneamento Bioclimático Brasileiro e Diretrizes Construtivas Para Habitações Unifamiliares de Interesse Social, , http://labee.ufsc.br/conforto/index.html, Projeto de norma 02:135.07.001, Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas, The Norm is alsoCook, J., Cooling, P., (2002) Series: Solar Heat Technologies, 8. , CambridgeBretz, S.E., Akbari, H., Long-term performance of high-albedo roof coatings (1997) Energy and Buildings, 25Prado, R.T.A., Ferreira, F.L., Measurement of albedo and analysis of its influence the surface temperature of building roof materials (2005) Energy and Buildings, 3

The Use Of Cfd Applied To Studies Of Ventilation In Urban Areas In Campinas, Brazil

The aim of this work is to discuss the effect of urban block and lot design in natural ventilation of selfbuilt houses in the city of Campinas, Brazil. The research was carried out with CFD simulation, using the software PHOENICS to calculate air velocities in the external regions of the residences. The case study was a surrounding in the city, the settlement Sao Jose FB; which was urbanized by the public organs having in mind low-income self-builders. The houses were analyzed through results of two surveys: one in the years 2000, which characterized the self-built houses, and the second one in 2005, to verify the modifications and their consequences in the environmental performance of the houses. Results show that poor natural ventilation is due to the lack of information about the prevailing winds, orientation problems and the modifications carried out by the self-builders.19301934Chen, Y.S., Ekim, S.W., (1987) Computation of Turbulent Flows An Extend K-ε, Turbulence Closure Model, , NASA: s/eFerziger, J.H., Peric, M., (2002) Computational Methods For Fluid Dynamics, p. 400. , Springer- VerlagLudwig, J.C., (2004) Phoenics 3.6.0 Hard-copy Documentation, , PHOENICS-VR reference guide. London: CHAMOliveira, M.C.A., Labaki, L.C., Monteiro, E.Z., Kowaltowski, D.C., Ventilation in self-built houses in Brazil: Desirable but undervalued thermal comfort element (2005) Proceedings of PLEA 2005 Conference, , BeirutWang, Al, Modeling Airflow In Urban Open Space, , Available in: Z:\atalhos\Modelling Airflow in Urban Open Space.mht: Accessed in: Jan. de 200

Warm-humid Climate: Methodology To Study The Distribution Of Air Temperature

This paper presents partial results of a research about urban space in a warm-humid climate at the Northeast region of Brazil. The objective is to verify the air temperature distribution in the city through fixed measurements of environmental variables. Results of measurements for a summer period, in February 2006, are presented. The fixed points were defined using 20 mobile phones base stations in the city of Natal, RN, distributed along the four administrative zones. Measurements were carried out for 07 days, registering air temperature and relative humidity at intervals of 30 minutes. Statistical analysis with previous experiments shows that the mobile phone equipment, that emits microwaves and waves in radiofrequency do not interfere in the measurements. Results show a temperature variation among the fixed points from 24,8°C to 37,4°C (average 28,8°C), and from 39% to 94% relative humidity (average 71%). Obtained data were associated to satellite images to define the land use at each point, so correlating the density of occupation with the results of measurements. In fact, in some dense areas the highest temperatures and the lesser humidity values were found. The proposed methodology of measurements in fixed points using mobile phones base stations is original, provides safety to equipment and exposure standardization.I523I526Araújo, E.H.S., Martins, T.L.F., Araújo, V.M.D., (1998) Dias Típicos para o Projeto Térmico de Edificaç ões Em Natal - RN, , EDUFRN. Natal(1994) Plano Diretor de Natal: Lei Complementar no 07 de 05 de Agosto de 1994, , PREFEITURA MUNICIPAL DO NATAL NatalDe Faria, J.R.G., O uso de imagens de satélite em estimativas de temperaturas do ar na camada intra-urbana (2005) Anais do VIII Encontro Nacional Sobre Conforto no Ambiente Construído e IV Encontro Latino-Americano Sobre Conforto no Ambiente Construído, , ENCAC-ENLACAC. Maceió, 2005Givoni, B., (1989) Urban Design in Different Climates, , Geneve: WCAP-10, World Meteorological Organisation - WMO/TD n. 346Mizuno, M., Effects of land use on urban horizontal atmospheric temperature distributions (1990) Energy and Buildings, (15-16), pp. 165-176Katzschner, L., Urban climate studies as tools for urban planning and architecture (1997) Encontro Nacional de Conforto no Ambiente Construído, pp. 49-58. , 4, Salvador, 1997. Anais⋯ Salvador: FAUFBA, ANTACDuarte, D.S., (2000) Padrões de Ocupação do Solo e Microclimas Urbanos na Região de Clima Tropical Continental, , São Paulo (Tese de doutorado) - Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade de São PauloBarbirato, G.M., Aplicação do Modelo de Balanço de Energia na Análise do Ambiente Térmico Urbano de Maceió, , AL. São Carlos: 1998 (Tese de doutorado) - Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos da Universidade de São PauloLuxmoore, D.A., Jayasinghe, M.T.R., Mahendran, M., Mitigating temperature increases in high lot density sub-tropical residential developments (2005) Energy and Buildings, 37, pp. 1212-122

Diffusion Patterns Of Formation Of The Phase Fe17nd2nx At 400°c

Samples of Fe17Nd2Nx have been prepared for x=0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.1 nitrogen atoms per formula unit, at 400°C. They were analysed by metallography, thermomagnetic analysis, electron microprobe and X-ray diffraction. The measurements show that all the samples contained the pure Fe17Nd2 phase alongside the saturated Fe17Nd2N2.3 phase. The measurements also show that the diffusion mainly proceeds along extended defects as grain and phase boundaries, dislocations and dislocations arrays. The expected shell-core diffusion model is not observed. Heavily nitrided samples shows the presence of striae depicting fast diffusion paths from the exterior to the interior of the powder particles. © 1993.12501/02/15161168Mukai, Fujimoto, (1992) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 103, p. 165Uchida, Uchida, Yanagisawa, Kaneko, Koike, Kamada, Matsumura, Kurino, Pressure-composition-temperature relation of the Sm2Fe17N system (1992) Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 184, p. L5J.M.D. Coey and R. Skomski, Intermag'92, St Louis, MO, USAColucci, Gama, Labaki, Ribeiro, (1992) J. Alloys and Compounds, 189, p. 45C.C. Colucci, S. Gama and F.A.O. Cabral, Intermag'92, St Louis, MO, USAKubaschewski, (1982) Iron Binary Phase Diagrams, , Springer-Verlag, BerlinSinnecker, Gama, Ribeiro, (1991) J. Appl. Phys., 70, p. 6480Darken, Gurry, (1953) Physical Chemistry of Metals, p. 311. , McGraw-Hill, New YorkCoey, Lawler, Sun, Allan, (1991) J. Appl. Phys., 69, p. 3007van Loo, Rieck, (1973) Acta Metallogr., 21, p. 61. , parts I and I

Ventilation In Self-built Houses In Brazil: Desirable But Undervalued Thermal Comfort Element

The design of self-built houses in the city of Campinas, Southwest of Brazil, is discussed in relation to the value given to comfort elements. Considering that a large percentage of the Brazilian housing production is self-built, the impact of this construction activity is considerable. It affects the comfort of the occupants of such houses and on a larger scale the micro-climate. Due to specific local Brazilian economic and social structures, as well as urban growth patterns, self-built houses, houses built by owner families, make up a substantial percentage of Brazilian housing production, around 60%. Due mainly to low-quality design solutions, self-built houses present on the whole a low environmental comfort standard. Ventilation as design strategy for thermal comfort is very important in the city with hot-humid climate in summer. Cross-ventilation refers to conditions where a given space is connected by apertures to both pressure and suction areas of the exterior. Sometimes the expression is loosely used whenever the space has more than one access to the outside. This may be misleading, for when all the openings of a space are facing zones at similar air pressures there will be very little internal air flow. Air flow in a building is determined by three basic factors, size and location of openings, their orientation in relation to prevailing wind and the presence of barriers and other constructive elements near the openings and windows. A survey carried out in five self-built settlements in Campinas shows that only 25% of the houses are suitable for natural ventilation. By applying Givoni's results considering inlet and outlet openings, it is shown that only 40% in average of air flow is related to the analysed ambient. Besides that, lot perimeters are walled, creating wind barriers. Most houses respect the street front setback of 4 meters stipulated by local building codes. Side setbacks are however, even if present in the first stage of building, often incorporated into the house for increased indoor space. From all houses analysed, it can be seen that scarcely 1 % could obtain the desired air velocity and direction to provide thermal comfort for their inhabitants. Site planning with regard to wind direction is therefore a real necessity for the self-builders in the city.1269274Labaki, L.C., Kowaltowski, D.C.C.K., Bioclimatic and vernacular design in urban settlements of Brazil (1998) Building and Environment, 33 (1), pp. 63-77. , PII S0360132397000243Kowaltowski, D.C.C.K., Labaki, L.C., Pina, S.A.M., Bertoli, S.R., Ruschel, R.C., Favero, E., Francisco, L., Gomes, V.S., (2003) Analise de Parâmetros de Implantação de Conjuntos Habitacionais de Interesse Social: Ênfase Nos Aspectos de Sustentabilidade Ambiental e da Qualidade de Vida, , relatório parcial de projeto de pesquisa FINEPDesempenho Térmico de Edificações - Parte 3: Zoneamento Bioclimático Brasileiro e Diretrizes Construtivas Para Habitações Unifamiliares de Interesse Social, , NBR15220-3, 04/2005Givoni, B., (1998) Passive and Low Energy Cooling of Buildings, , Van Nostrand Reinhold, new York, NYBoutet, T.S., (1987) Controlling Air Movement: A Manual for Architects and Builders, , Mac-Graw Hill, New YorkBittencourt, L., (2004) Introdução A Ventilação Natural Nas Edificações, , UFA

Implementing Building Energy Simulation Into The Design Process: A Teaching Experience In Brazil

For many reasons building simulation programs are still not recognised as useful design support tools to the same extent as Computer-Aided Design (CAD) or cost-estimating software. There is a strong perception that simulations are time consuming, costly, slow and require expensive or specialised equipment and knowledge that increase design costs. Additionally, simplifications applied to model description, algorithm inaccuracy, or deviations inherent to weather data treatment methods result in poor matches between measurements and predictions, which decrease confidence in obtained results. Finally, complex tools and interfaces raise doubts among potential users. In general terms, energy efficiency is a recent concern in Brazil, but has clearly come to the discussion forefront among all construction sector stakeholders. In architectural design teaching at the undergraduate level in Brazil, environmental comfort and energy efficiency have been traditionally kept as separate knowledge domains. To overcome these problems a new discipline has been introduced at the University of Campinas, UNICAMP in Brazil following a bioclimatic design studio, to consolidate the acquired knowledge and test concepts on student's designs. To evaluate this course an experimental follow-up research is currently underway. This paper discusses the contextual framework that motivated and founded the approach for the introduction of simulation as both a decision support tool and a design teaching resource. The bioclimatic design studio given in 2005 provided students a contact with simulation tools and was used to assess the suitability of the chosen tool for such experience.II755II760(1993) Energy Statistics of OECD Countries, , Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) OECD Publications, 2, Paris Cedex 16Rousseau, P.G., Mathews, E.H., Needs and trends in integrated building and HVAC thermal design tools Building and Environment, 28 (4), pp. 1993439-52Hasegawa, T., Sustainable buildings (2002) OECD Observer, 233Office of energy efficiency and renewable energy (2005) 2004 Buildings Energy Databook, 116p. , US Department of EnergyLamberts, R., Ghisi, E., Papst, A.L., (2000) Desempenho Térmico Em Edificações, 152p. , Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SCMendes, N., Lamberts, R., Neto, C., Buiding simulation in Brazil (2001) Proc. of 7 th Building Simulation, , Rio de Janeiro, 2001Rosa, L.P., A crise de energia: uma reputação empírica do modelo econômico neoliberal (2001) O Brasil À Luz do Apagão, , Rio de Janeiro: Palavra e ImagemBevington, R., Rosenfeld, A.H., Energy for buildings and homes (1990) Scien. Amer., pp. 39-45Clarke, J.A., Maver, T.W., Advanced design tools for energy conscious building design: Development and dissemination (1991) Bldg Envir, 26, pp. 25-34Morbitzer, C., Integartion of bulding simulation into the design process of an architecture practice (2001) Proc 7 Building Simulation, pp. 697-704. , Rio de JaneiroHand, J.W., (1998) Removing Barriers to the use of Simulation Design Professions, , A thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Energy Systems Research Unit Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UKDunovska, T., Drkal, F., Hensen, J., Barries and solutions to the use of building simulation in the czech republic (1999) Proc 6 th Building Simulation, , KyotoMathews, E.H., Richards, P.G., An efficient tool for future building design (1993) Building and Environment, 28 (4), pp. 409-417Pedrini, A., Szolkolay, S., Uma ferramenta de diagnóstico do consumo de energia orientada para as primeiras fases do projeto arquitetônico em clima quente (2003) Proc. of Curitiba: Antac, pp. 881-888Amor, R., Horsking, J., Donn, M., Integrating design tools for total building evaluation (1993) Building and Environment, 28 (4), pp. 475-482Brahme, R.A., Complex building performance analysis in early stages of design: A solution based on differential modeling, homology-based mapping, and generative design agents (2001) Proc 7 th Building Simulation, pp. 661-668. , Rio de JaneiroDe Wilde, P., Augenbroe, G., Van Der Voorden, M., A strategy to provide computational support for selection of energy saving building components (2001) Proc. of 7 th Building Simulation, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 653-660Batholomeu, D., An application manual for building energy an environmental modelling (1997) Proc. 5 th Building Simulation, , PragueCithertel, S., Hand, J., Assessing energy, lighting, room acoustics, occupant comfort and environmental impacts performance of building with a single simulation program (2002) Building and Environment, 37, pp. 845-856Balcomb, J.D., The coming revolution in building design (1998) Proc. Passive and Low-energy Architecture (PLEA '98), , Lisbon, June 1-3Crawley, D.B., Hand, W.J., Lawrie, L.K., Improving the weather information available to simulation programs (1999) Proc. of 6 th Building Simulation, , KyotoGoulart, S., Lamberts, R., Dados climáticos de 14 cidades brasileiras para projeto e avaliação de sistemas de ar condicionado Florianópolis: Núcleo de Pesquisa Em Construçã o UFSC, 283, p. 1997Sato, S.A., Labaki, L.C., Da Silva, V.G., (2001) Avaliação de Software Simplificado para Simulaç ão Energética Em Edificações, , Campinas: UNICAMPEnergy Plus Energy Simulation Software, , http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/energyplus/weatherdata.html, United States Department of Energy Website last update: 25 Apr 2005, accessed in 29apr2005Salama, A., (1997) New Trends in Architectural Education: Designing the Design Studio, , Cairo, Egypt, The Anglo-Egyptian BookstoreNasar, J., The shaping of design values: Case studies on the trade magazines: The cost of not knowing (1986) Proceedings of the 17th. Annual Conference of the Environmental Design Research Association, , Atlanta, GeorgiaKowaltowski, D.C.C.K., Labaki, L.C., Pina, S.M.G., Gutierres, G.C.R., Da Silva, V.G., The challenges of teaching bioclimatic architectural design (2005) Proc. of Passive and Low Energy Cooling for the Built Environment (PALENC 2005), , AIVC/INIVE/ISES/UIA: Santorini, Greece, May 19 th-21 st (to be published)Kowaltowski, D.C.C., Labaki, L.C., Pina, S.M.G., Bertolli, S.R., A Visualização do Conforto Ambiental no Projeto Arquitetônico (1998) Proc. of 7th Encontro de Tecnologia do Ambiente Construído e Qualidade no Processo Construtivo, pp. 371-379. , Florianópolis, SCBianchi, G., Da Silva, V.G., (2002) Avaliação do Software Energy Plus para Integraç ão de Simulação Energética no Ensino de Arquitetura, , Campinas: UNICAM