Rigidez Salarial, Precios Relativos y Ajuste Estructural: Una Interpretación del Desempleo en Uruguay

La evolución macroeconómica uruguaya en los últimos quince años ha sido satisfactoria, tomando como referencia el desempeño que había caracterizado a este país desde mediados de los cincuenta. El crecimiento económico ha sido sostenido desde que Uruguay salió de la crisis cambiaria y financiera. Este estudio presenta una percepción del desempleo en Uruguay

The Economic Effects of Unions in Latin America: Their Impact on Wages and the Economic Performance of Firms in Uruguay

This study examines the impact of unionization and the level of centralization in bargaining, at the level of the industry or the firm, on wages and on the economic performance of firms within the manufacturing sector in Uruguay, using a panel of establishments for the period 1988 to 1995. The main findings suggest that unionization increases wages and employment and promotes investment due to firms substituting labor by capital. Unions tend to organize in those plants with highest rates of profits, but promote increases in productivity and prevent profitability increases. Given the negative effect of unionization at the industry level on the rate of growth of profitability of firms, results also suggest that unions tended to organize and to be stronger in those sectors in which extra rents were higher due to monopoly power.

Labor market flexibility and unemployment in Chile and Uruguay

This study compares evidence on wage rigidity in Chile and Uruguay to determine whether differences in labor market flexibility could have had an impact on the very different patterns of unemployment observed in the two countries. Phillips curve estimates show that wages in Uruguay were highly flexible at the aggregate level during the period when the military government was in power, but became more rigid with the return of democracy and collective bargaining. Rising minimum wages and indexation arrangements are plausible explanations of some of the high unemployment in Chile in the late 1970s and early 1980s. At the micro level, we find much more relative wage adjustment across industries in Chile than Uruguay and that labor in Chile is drawn toward sectors with rising relative wages.Wage rigidity, unemployment, Uruguay.

Instituciones de asistencia médica colectiva en el Uruguay: regulación y desempeño

Incluye BibliografíaEl proyecto, cuyos resultados se recogen en esta publicación, examinó la organización y desempeño de las instituciones de asistencia médica colectiva que constituyen el componente más importante del sector privado de salud en el país, realizando un estudio histórico y descriptivo del sector, de sus recursos, marco regulatorio, formas de financiamiento y de la evolución de los tipos organizacionales que lo han caracterizado. Además, se ha estudiado qué factores incidieron en el crecimiento y desaparición de estas instituciones en el período 1982-1990

What Difference Do Unions Make?: Their Impact on Productivity and Wages in Latin America

The subject of labor unions in Latin America provokes a variety of diverse and strongly held views. While some see unions as a way to protect workers' rights and ensure an equitable distribution of income, others see unions as a drain of productivity or an intrusion of politics into the workplace. In spite of these strong opinions, the effects of unions in Latin America have received little empirical attention. This book represents one of the first attempts to obtain evidence on union effects in the region. Following an examination of union density across countries, the studies in this volume evaluate the impact of unions on private-sector firm performance, agricultural productivity, and educational outcomes in public school systems. Unions' effects are considered in detail for Argentina, Brazil, Peru and Uruguay, as well as the less-studied case of Guatemala. Some of the findings are surprising and may help provide a basis for policies that better address the concerns of workers, employers and the public at large

What Difference Do Unions Make?: Their Impact on Productivity and Wages in Latin America

The subject of labor unions in Latin America provokes a variety of diverse and strongly held views. While some see unions as a way to protect workers' rights and ensure an equitable distribution of income, others see unions as a drain of productivity or an intrusion of politics into the workplace. In spite of these strong opinions, the effects of unions in Latin America have received little empirical attention. This book represents one of the first attempts to obtain evidence on union effects in the region. Following an examination of union density across countries, the studies in this volume evaluate the impact of unions on private-sector firm performance, agricultural productivity, and educational outcomes in public school systems. Unions' effects are considered in detail for Argentina, Brazil, Peru and Uruguay, as well as the less-studied case of Guatemala. Some of the findings are surprising and may help provide a basis for policies that better address the concerns of workers, employers and the public at large