Cetaceans in the Mediterranean Sea. Encounter rate, dominant species, and diversity hotspots

We investigated the presence and diversity of cetaceans in the Mediterranean Sea, analysing the data collected by 32 different research units, over a period of 15 years (2004–2018), and shared on the common web-GIS platform named Intercet. We used the encounter rate, the species prevalence, and the Shannon diversity index as parameters for data analysis. The results show that cetacean diversity, in the context of the Mediterranean basin, is generally quite low when compared with the eastern Atlantic, as few species, namely the striped dolphin, the bottlenose dolphin, the fin whale, and the sperm whale, dominate over all the others. However, some areas, such as the Alboran Sea or the north-western Mediterranean Sea, which includes the Pelagos Sanctuary (the Specially Protected Area of Mediterranean Interest located in the northern portion of the western basin), show higher levels of diversity and should be considered hotspots to be preserved. Primary production and seabed profile seem to be the two main drivers influencing the presence and distribution of cetaceans, with the highest levels of diversity observed in areas characterized by high levels of primary production and high bathymetric variability and gradient. This collective work underlines the importance of data sharing to deepen our knowledge on marine fauna at the scale of the whole Mediterranean Sea and encourages greater efforts in the networking process, also to accomplish the requirements of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive, with particular reference to Descriptor 1: biological diversity is maintained

ПРИНЦИПИ УКЛАДАННЯ ПЕРЕКЛАДНИХ СЛОВНИКІВ ЗІ СФЕРИ НАДЗВИЧАЙНИХ СИТУАЦІЙ

In modern technical terminology actively occurring essential processes of creation of terms and the sphere of civil protection, which is a separate and independent branch of vocational training has not yet adapted terminology system both in scientific and practical sense. The article examines the problem of compiling of the Ukrainian-Russian and Russian-Ukrainian Dictionaries from the sphere of emergency situations, and describes the sequence and principles of their compiling. We also consider their practical need for students, teachers and all who work on translations of professional texts of these areas.У сучасній технічній термінології активно відбуваються суттєві процеси термінотворення, і сфера цивільного захисту, яка як окрема і самостійна галузь професійної підготовки, має ще недостатньо опрацьовану терміносистему як у науковому, так і практичному сенсі. У статті порушено проблему укладання українсько-російського та російсько-українського словників зі сфери надзвичайних ситуацій, а також описано послідовність та принципи їх укладання. Розглянуто також їх практичну необхідність для студентів, курсантів, викладачів та усіх, хто працюватиме над перекладами професійних текстів згаданої сфери

Problems of Compiling Translation Dictionaries in the Sphere of Emergency Situations

In modern technical terminology actively occurring essential processes of creation of terms and the sphere of civil protection, which is a separate and independent branch of vocational training has not yet adapted terminology system both in scientific and practical sense. The article examines the problem of compiling of the Ukrainian-Russian and Russian-Ukrainian Dictionaries from the sphere of emergency situations, and describes the sequence and principles of their compiling. We also consider their practical need for students, teachers and all who work on translations of professional texts of these areas

Cellular distribution and linkage of D-(-)-3-hydroxy fatty acids in Bacteroides species.

Two strains of Bacteroides asaccharolyticus and two strains of Bacteroides fragilis were analyzed for total fatty acid, total lipid fatty acid, and total bound fatty acid profiles. Extracted lipids and defatted cell residues were subjected to sequential alkaline and acid methanolyses to distinguish ester- and amide-linked fatty acids in each fraction. In the lipid fractions, all the ester-linked fatty acids were nonhydroxylated, whereas all of the amide-linked fatty acids were hydroxylated. In the nonextractable fractions, both hydroxy and nonhydroxy fatty acids were found in both ester and amide linkage, although hydroxy acids predominated. The fatty acid profiles of the bound fractions differed widely from those of the lipid fractions. Bound fatty acid represented approximately 10% of the total cellular fatty acids