Aplikasi Teknologi Radiasi Panas Pada Pengolahan Sawit Terpadu. (APPLICATION OF HEAT RADIATION TECHNOLOGY IN THE INTEGRATED PALM OIL PROCESSING)

 This article review application of heat radiation technology in the integtated palm oil processing, which has been developed by Ishenny and Noor (2015,Ishenny) . This technology named as Palm Oil Mill Heat Radiation Technology uses direct heat radiation (with palm fruit buch waste as the fuel), instead of heat from steam boilers, as in the conventional technology. Temperature and pressure of the cooking chamber are designed at 150° C and 1 atm. Compared to the conventional technology, this new technology is more profitable because it could process all parts of the palm fruits to produce red oil, fatty oil, kernel oil (three with higher qualities), biochar, liquid smoke, and cake, releases relatively no waste, and could operate even at a low capacity. In addition, this new technology could be implemented to modify the conventional technology used at present in the palm oil plants. Estimated investment required for processing 45 ton per hour of palm fruits is IDR 300 billions. Net profit a year is estimated IDR 230 billions with ROI of 1.94 year.Keywords : Innovation of palm oil factory, palm oil, red oil, kernel oil, fatty oil, 7 MW electricity, liquid smoke, kernel cake and biocharAbstrak. Artikel ini mengulas aplikasi teknologi radiasi panas pada pengolahan sawit terpadu yang telah dikembangkan oleh Ishenny dan Noor  (2015, Ishenny).  Teknologi ini yang dinamai Palm Oil Mill Heat Radiation Technology menggunakan panas radiasi langsung (dengan bahan bakar limbah tandan buah kosong), tidak seperti pada teknologi konvensional yang menggunakan panas dari ketel uap. Suhu dan tekanan pada panci masak dirancang sebesar 150° C dan 1 atm. Dibandingkan dengan teknologi minyak sawit konvensional, teknologi baru ini lebih menguntungkan, karena dapat memproduksi minyak merah, minyak lemak,  kernel oil (ketiganya dengan mutu yang lebih tinggi), biochar, asap cair, dan bungkil, relatif tanpa limbah, dan dapat beroperasi pada kapasitas yang kecil. Disamping itu, teknologi ini dapat diaplikasikan untuk memodifikasi teknologi konvensional yang saat ini digunakan oleh pabrik minyak sawit. Estimasi investasi yang diperlukan untuk mengolah 45 ton per jam buah sawit segar adalah Rp. 300 milyar, dengan estimasi keuntungan Rp. 230 milyar per tahun dan ROI 1,94 tahun.Kata Kunci : Inovasi pabrik kelapa sawit, minyak sawit, minyak merah, minyak inti, minyak lemak, li strik 7 MW, asap cair,   kernel dan bokar

PERUBAHAN KANDUNGAN POLIFENOL DAN KEASAMAN BIJI KAKAO YANG DIFERMENTASI DENGAN PENAMBAHAN ENZIM KASAR POLIFENOL OKSIDASE DARI PULP KULIT BUAH KAKAO

The aims of this research is to investigate changes in polyphenol contents and acidity of cocoabeans which were fermented by adding rough polyphenol oxidase enzymes, and dried by sun-dryingmethod. Enriched with nutrient, the rough enzymes was prepared from cocoa pod husk pulp. Fermentationtimes were varied at 16, 20, 24, 32, 36, 40, 44, and 48 hours, 2whereas the incubation periods of therough enzyme were varied at 24, 36, and 48 hours. Control treatment was also conducted by spontaneousfermentation for five days. Variables studied include polyphenol content, acidity, and reducing sugarcontent of the dried- cocoa beans. Results showed that fermentation by adding the rough polyphenoloxidase enzymes in the fermentation process could reduce polyphenol oxidation and acidification of thecocoa beans, compared to the spontaneous fermentation. This is indicated by the polyphenol contents(2.88-3.88 %), acidity (pH=5.25-6.50), and reducing sugar contents (0.60- 1.12%) of the dried cocoabeans in the fermentation by polyphenol oxidase enzyme addition for the six fermentation times, whilepolyphenol content, acidity (pH), and reducing sugar content of the dried beans were 0.98%, 52, and0.59%, respectively in the spontaneous fermentation.Keywords: cocoa beans, fermentation, polyphenol oksidase, polyphenol content, acidity. reducing sugarconten

Perubahan Kandungan Polifenol dan Keasaman Biji Kakao yang Difermentasi dengan Penambahan Enzim Kasar Polifenol Oksidase dari Pulp Kulit Buah Kakao

The aims of this research is to investigate changes in polyphenol contents and acidity of cocoabeans which were fermented by adding rough polyphenol oxidase enzymes, and dried by sun-dryingmethod. Enriched with nutrient, the rough enzymes was prepared from cocoa pod husk pulp. Fermentationtimes were varied at 16, 20, 24, 32, 36, 40, 44, and 48 hours, 2whereas the incubation periods of therough enzyme were varied at 24, 36, and 48 hours. Control treatment was also conducted by spontaneousfermentation for five days. Variables studied include polyphenol content, acidity, and reducing sugarcontent of the dried- cocoa beans. Results showed that fermentation by adding the rough polyphenoloxidase enzymes in the fermentation process could reduce polyphenol oxidation and acidification of thecocoa beans, compared to the spontaneous fermentation. This is indicated by the polyphenol contents(2.88-3.88 %), acidity (pH=5.25-6.50), and reducing sugar contents (0.60- 1.12%) of the dried cocoabeans in the fermentation by polyphenol oxidase enzyme addition for the six fermentation times, whilepolyphenol content, acidity (pH), and reducing sugar content of the dried beans were 0.98%, 52, and0.59%, respectively in the spontaneous fermentation

ANALISIS FINANSIAL PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT MENJADI BIOKAR UNTUK MEDIA TANAM

Abstrak, Pemanfaatan limbah tanda kosong kelapa sawit sebesar 22-23 % menjadi biokar untuk media tanam mampu meningkatkan   kandungan karbon tanah menjadi 2 %  dari 0,4 – 0,7 % /Ha, kualitas fisik dan kimia tanah, daya simpan air tanah,  daya simpan pupuk untuk kebutuhan tanaman, kandungan oksigen dalam tanah, aktivitas fertility mikroorganisme tanah, nutrisi tanah . Biokar yang  dihasilkan dari limbah PPKS untuk media tanam memberikan hasil 10 ton / ha padi hitam, pemakaian pada kebun sawit  di kota Langsa menghasilkan TBS:20-40kg / tandan. Media tanam meningkatkan pendapatan sebesar Rp .1.100.000, perjam untuk pabrik pengolahan sawit kapasitas 100 ton / jam TBS, dalam sehari operasi selama 24 jam ada peluang bagi pabrik menghasilkan Rp. 26.400.000,-. ROI 78%/years, B/C ratio 1,71.Kata Kunci : Tanda buah segar, limbah tandan kosong kelapa sawit, biokar, media tanam, karbon, aktivitas mikroorganisma tanah, nutrisi tanah dan padi hita