La gestione degli autori di reati sessuali tra psicopatologia e rischio di recidiva, prospettive trattamentali

Sex crimes provoke alarm and strong reactions from the public to a greater extent than any other type of crimes; this occurs especially when the victims are perceived to be particularly weak subjects and/or the perpetrators are affected by psychiatric disease. For these reasons, over the last few years a growing attention has been paid to abusive sex behaviors in the medical and legal fields, leading to the introduction and development of legal procedures and alternative treatments to allow comprehensive management of the different aspects of the phenomenon. This paper analyzes the relationship between mental disorders and sex crimes. Moreover, we focus on the treatment programs offered to sex offenders in some European and North American countries and, in view of the reported results, evaluate their possible introduction in Italy. Such programs are currently in force in many countries, including the United States, Scandinavia, France, Germany, Poland and the United Kingdom. They include a first phase of evaluation of the level of risk posed by the perpetrator, followed by a treatment phase, that often includes psychiatric therapy and the use of drugs. To illustrate this type of approach, we describe the U.S. and the German experiences of subject evaluation and classification, as well as the treatments administered and the benefits observed. The data available on sex offenders show a strong risk of reiteration of the crime and therefore the need for a specific management of the problem. This has convinced certain countries to adopt specific treatment strategies, even mandatory ones, that raise ethical and legal issues, especially when they involve the mandatory use of drugs. We believe these issues warrant further in-depth analysis, as well as evaluation of the role that such programs could have in Italy

The "Bestie of Satana" murders

In recent years, satanic groups have been responsible for various types and degrees of crimes. We report the case of a number of murders committed in Italy by a group of young people calling themselves the “Bestie di Satana”. Forensic psychiatric assessment of the members of a satanic sect charged with the crime revealed that all the young people had a fragile, immature personality, a very low level of education and were socially disadvantaged. The trial of the members of the “Bestie di Satana” sect was concluded with the verdict of deliberate murder, and all the members were given long jail sentences. This report should lead us to explore social and cultural responses to juvenile satanism, statistically shown to be a relatively rare phenomenon but with a high criminal potential

Il satanismo acido. Alcune riflessioni su due recenti casi

Gli Autori si soffermano sul fenomeno del satanismo \u201cgiovanile\u201d o \u201cacido\u201d, termine con il quale si intendono di solito gruppi \u201corganizzati\u201d di giovani che celebrano riti satanisti, condividono luoghi, abbigliamento, simboli, gesti, musica e, soprattutto, sostanze stupefacenti. Spesso sotto l\u2019effetto di alcool e droghe i satanisti \u201cacidi\u201d commettono gesti dissacratori, e, talvolta, reati violenti fino ad arrivare a delitti efferati, come nei casi che qui si presentano. Si tratta di delitti commessi da gruppi che si davano una definizione di satanisti, ma che non coincidevano affatto con il fenomeno storico-culturale del satanismo, trattandosi piuttosto di giovani marginali e violenti.The authors dwell in particular on the phenomenon of "juvenile" or "acid Satanism". This term generally means "organized" groups of young people celebrating Satanic rites, having in common and sharing places, clothing, symbols, gestures, music, and most of all drugs. Often under the influence of alcohol and drugs the Acid Satanists often commit irreverent gestures, and sometimes, violent crimes or heinous crimes, as in the cases presented here. The murders were committed by groups of young people defining themself Satanists, having however no coincidence with the historical and cultural phenomenon of Satanism, being rather marginalized and violent young people

Qualitative analysis of the capacity to consent to treatment in patients with a chronic neurodegenerative disease. Alzheimer's Disease.

Objective: Informed consent is an essential element in doctor–patient relationship. In particular, obtaining valid informed consent from patients with neurocognitive diseases is a critical issue at present. For this reason, we decided to conduct research on elderly patients with Alzheimer’s disease (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) to assess their capacity to make treatment decisions. Methods: The experimental group comprised 70 Alzheimer patients who were admitted to the Neurodegenerative Disease Unit of the University of Bari. The control group consisted of 83 elderly patients without neurocognitive disorders who were hospitalized in the Geriatric Unit at the same university. After providing written consent to participate in the research, each subject underwent the following assessments: (a) assessment of comprehension sheet, (b) Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and Global Functioning Evaluation (GFE), (c) neurological evaluation, (d) neuropsychological assessment with a full battery of tests, (d) The MacArthur Treatment Competence Study (MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool for Treatment (MacCAT-T); understanding, appreciating, reasoning and expressing a choice) and (e) a semi-structured interview administered by the patient’s caregiver. Results/conclusion: The present survey was designed to analyze possible qualitative and quantitative correlations between cognitive functioning and capacity to consent in relation to different degrees of severity of the neurodegenerative disorder. A large portion of the patients in our experimental sample did not appear to have the capacity to provide a valid consent. The authors present initial results of this study and discuss their possible implications

Psychopathy in sex offender: A study on a sample of apulian prisoners

Objective. To identify the possible presence and degree of psychopathy, in a sample of detained sex offender and to further evaluate the possible effect of traumatic experiences. Materials and methods. As part of a larger national project, sex offenders of Puglia were selected among the prisoners at the Bari prison and in the detached section of Altamura. Psychopathy levels were measured through PCLR. Item 8 of HCR-20 v.3 was used to evaluate history of traumatic experiences and victimization episodes. Furthermore, criminological information was collected. Results. Recruited detainees had received convictions for child sexual acts in 70% of cases. The levels of psychopathy that emerged, were in line with those found in other prisoner populations and generally in the medium-low range of PCL-R scores. Prisoners with a history of traumatic experiences had higher levels of psychopathy, as measured by the total PCL-R score and factor 1 (“interpersonal/affective”). Conclusions. The results emerged, deriving from a numerically limited sample, suggest a possible effect of early traumatic experiences in the qualitative and quantitative levels of psychopathy in sex offender

ADHD and illegal conduct: a survey in Juvenile Justice Services in Puglia

Obiettivo. Obiettivo del nostro studio è stato quello di individuare possibili fattori psicopatologici correlati alla messa in atto di condotte antigiuridiche da parte di minori al loro primo reato, nonché eventuali altre variabili individuali, familiari, economiche e socioculturali correlate al fenomeno indagato. Materiali e metodi. È stato condotto uno studio longitudinale su minori della Regione Puglia (Distretto della Corte di Appello di Bari e Lecce) al loro primo reato. Lo studio ha comportato l’acquisizione di una serie di informazioni anagrafiche, familiari, scolastiche, comportamentali e cliniche dei minori arruolati lungo un arco di tempo di oltre un anno e seguiti in follow-up per 18 mesi. Per le sue finalità lo studio prevedeva l’utilizzo di due scale cliniche standardizzate (Youth Self-Report e Conners Adolescent Self Report Scale). Risultati. L’indagine ha fatto emergere alcune variabili psicologiche e psicopatologiche correlate alle condotte antisociali di minori al loro primo contatto con l’Autorità Giudiziaria, nonché altre familiari, sociali e scolastiche. Conclusioni. I risultati ottenuti confermano la necessità di una prevenzione primaria e secondaria su minori a rischio, attraverso interventi multidisciplinari, precoci, selettivi

La terrazza proibita: dalla violazione alla ricostruzione della relazione genitoriale “infranta”

A deep understanding of the characteristics of sex offenders may serve to improve clinical prevention and treat- ment programs. Mostly, however, this knowledge can aid in the creation of better re-education and rehabilitation programs as well as criminological treatment. In prison systems outside of Italy, the use of treatment programs specifically designed for sex offenders is commonplace, whereas in Italy, there is only sporadic experimentation in this field which is aimed at evalu- ating adults. If this is true for adults, it is even more so for the minors who commit this type of crime that gives rise to worry and a great sense of alarm. The aim of this work is to show the preliminary results of an empirical study that explores the men- tal representations of the parents of minors who commit acts of sexual violence towards other. This study is an ongoing in col- laboration with the Juvenile Justice Center (Centro Giustizia Minorile) of the Region of Apulia, whose first data on 10 juve- nile perpetrators of such specific crimes are presented here

Violence and intimacy-seeking in a female adolescent stalker: specific characteristics as compared to adult stalkers. A brief review of the literature

The case of an adolescent female stalker came to our observation when the Juvenile Court of Justice commissioned an expert opinion. This case led us to reflect on the characteristics of juvenile stalking as compared to the adult phenomenon. The literature demonstrates that there are substantial differences between adult and adolescent stalkers. The data in literature were not sufficient to distinguish a single category in which to classify the case we observed, obliging us to explore further and examine the correlation between stalking and attachment style. We claim that the case presented could be interpreted as a form of protest against the loss of the attachment figure. The authors believe that to gain a better understanding of the harassment adopted in juvenile stalking it is important to explore the psychological, psychopathological, family, and social factors