Metrology data modeling and data handling:capturing a domain model of ASML metrology in a software framework

During recent years, ASML metrology functionality has grown intensely. However, the software design principles (such as single responsibility, interface segregation, or open/closed principle) have sometimes been left unattended in favor of time to market. This hampers the implementation of functional design. This report describes the design and im-plementation of the metrology domain model. The domain model expresses core metrology entities, their attributes, behavior, and relationships. The Onion architecture model and domain-driven design (DDD) characterize the approach towards building the domain mod-el. Since this approach relies heavily on the dependency injection principle, the model be-comes a technology-independent core of the software implementation. The results of the project show how the metrology software can look in the future. With the isolated and ex-plicit domain model, software maintainability increases. Moreover, the domain model es-tablishes a ubiquitous language for different engineers, hence bringing the functional design closer to the software design

Precision luminosity measurement at ILC

In these proceedings a novel approach to deal with the beam-induced effects in luminosity measurement is presented. Based on the relativistic kinematics of the collision frame of the Bhabha process, the beam-beam related uncertainties can be reduced to the permille level independently of a precision with which the beam parameters are known. Specific event selection combined with the corrective methods we introduce, leads to the systematic uncertainty from the beam-induced effects to be at a few permille level in the peak region above the 80% of the nominal centre-of-mass energies at ILC.Comment: Talk presented on behalf of the FCAL Collaboration at the International Workshop on Future Linear Colliders (LCWS13) Tokyo, Japan, 11-15 November 201

Strong universality and algebraic scaling in two-dimensional Ising spin glasses

At zero temperature, two-dimensional Ising spin glasses are known to fall into several universality classes. Here we consider the scaling at low but non-zero temperature and provide numerical evidence that $\eta \approx 0$ and $\nu \approx 3.5$ in all cases, suggesting a unique universality class. This algebraic (as opposed to exponential) scaling holds in particular for the $\pm J$ model, with or without dilutions and for the plaquette diluted model. Such a picture, associated with an exceptional behavior at T=0, is consistent with a real space renormalization group approach. We also explain how the scaling of the specific heat is compatible with the hyperscaling prediction

Technical product risk assessment: Standards, integration in the erm model and uncertainty modeling

European Union has accomplished, through introducing New Approach to technical harmonization and standardization, a breakthrough in the field of technical products safety and in assessing their conformity, in such a manner that it integrated products safety requirements into the process of products development. This is achieved by quantifying risk levels with the aim of determining the scope of the required safety measures and systems. The theory of probability is used as a tool for modeling uncertainties in the assessment of that risk. In the last forty years are developed new mathematical theories have proven to be better at modeling uncertainty when we have not enough data about uncertainty events which is usually the case in product development. Bayesian networks based on modeling of subjective probability and Evidence networks based on Dempster-Shafer theory of belief functions proved to be an excellent tool for modeling uncertainty when we do not have enough information about all events aspect

Robust design of inspection schedules by means of probability boxes for structural systems prone to damage accumulation

The design of inspection schedules is a complex optimization problem that requires the reliability to be assessed. The solution to this problem can be found balancing the costs associated to inspection/repair activities against the benefits related to the faultless operation of the infrastructure. The optimization aims at minimizing the total cost, obtained as the combination of maintenance and failure costs, by tuning some design parameters, such as the number, time and quality of inspections. The reliability is assessed making use of probability boxes, i.e. by accounting for both variability and imprecision. The use of probability boxes relaxes the assumption of exact input probability distributions, which is always too strong given that these distributions are very often estimated within a degree of confidence, or elicited from a finite set of experimental data. The optimization problem is formulated as a time-dependent reliability-based optimization problem, where both objective and constraint functions require the evaluation of upper and lower reliability bounds. The solution to this problem represents a real technological challenge, as the reliability assessment by means of p-boxes is a computationally intensive task, which may take up to few days to be completed on last generation processors. In this paper, an efficient and generally applicable numerical technique, which is capable of producing a solution in a very short amount of time (≤1 hour), is proposed. The technique combines a forced Monte Carlo simulation method with an optimization strategy, which makes the interval reliability assessment particularly efficient. The efficiency and accuracy of the proposed technique is shown by means of a literature example involving a fatigue-prone weld in a bridge girder

MicroRNA-551b expression profile in low and high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the expression of microRNA (miR)-551b in patients with low and high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and to find an association with high-risk Human Papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection-related prognostic biomarkers. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The expression level of miR-551b was determined in 50 paraffin-embedded cervical specimens (10 normal squamous epithelium, 18 condylomas, 8 CIN1, and 14 CIN2-3) using quantitative Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). χ2-test compared miR-551b expression in different diagnosis groups. An Ordered Logistic Regression and a Probit correlation were made to correlate miR-551b expression levels with the cervical tissue histological findings. The immunohistochemical distribution of p16 and Ki-67 according to histopathological findings was also assessed. RESULTS: The distribution of the miR-551b expression profile was significantly lower in CIN1-3 samples compared to other histological diagnosis groups (condyloma and negative). The expression levels were inversely correlated to the cervical pathological grade, from negative to CIN2-3. A 1% increase in miR-551b expression level produced an increase of 19% to the probability of a minor histological grade diagnosis in a range from negative to CIN2-3 and an increase of 13% to the probability of a negative histological grade diagnosis. Among the cases with miR-551b expression < 0.02 (considered as cut-off value) a significant statistical correlation was found between p16 and Ki-67 expression and the diagnosis of CIN2-3. CONCLUSIONS: O ur d ata s howed a s ignificant inverse correlation between miR-551b expression and the histological grading of the lesions, suggesting a tumor suppressive function in the different stages of cervical dysplasia

Critical thermodynamics of the two-dimensional +/-J Ising spin glass

We compute the exact partition function of 2d Ising spin glasses with binary couplings. In these systems, the ground state is highly degenerate and is separated from the first excited state by a gap of size 4J. Nevertheless, we find that the low temperature specific heat density scales as exp(-2J/T), corresponding to an ``effective'' gap of size 2J; in addition, an associated cross-over length scale grows as exp(J/T). We justify these scalings via the degeneracy of the low-lying excitations and by the way low energy domain walls proliferate in this model

Domain wall entropy of the bimodal two-dimensional Ising spin glass

We report calculations of the domain wall entropy for the bimodal two-dimensional Ising spin glass in the critical ground state. The L * L system sizes are large with L up to 256. We find that it is possible to fit the variance of the domain wall entropy to a power function of L. However, the quality of the data distributions are unsatisfactory with large L > 96. Consequently, it is not possible to reliably determine the fractal dimension of the domain walls.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, submitted to PR