48 research outputs found
Plant ER geometry and dynamics: biophysical and cytoskeletal control during growth and biotic response.
This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Springer via the DOI in this record.The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an intricate and dynamic network of membrane tubules and cisternae. In plant cells, the ER 'web' pervades the cortex and endoplasm and is continuous with adjacent cells as it passes through plasmodesmata. It is therefore the largest membranous organelle in plant cells. It performs essential functions including protein and lipid synthesis, and its morphology and movement are linked to cellular function. An emerging trend is that organelles can no longer be seen as discrete membrane-bound compartments, since they can physically interact and 'communicate' with one another. The ER may form a connecting central role in this process. This review tackles our current understanding and quantification of ER dynamics and how these change under a variety of biotic and developmental cues.IS, RW and CL are funded by a Leverhulme Trust
grant (RPG-2015-106) and CP by a Sainsbury studentship. LG is funded
by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation for the lattice light sheet
microscopy and by the Biology Department, Texas A&M University. L.
Griffing would like to thank John Heddleston and Teng-Leong Chew at
the Advanced Imaging Center in Janelia-HHMI Research Campus,
Ashburn VA, for images taken with the light sheet microscope
Genetic parameters for growth, wood density and pulp yield in Eucalyptus globulus
Genetic variation and co-variation among the key
pulpwood selection traits for Eucalyptus globulus were
estimated for a range of sites in Portugal, with the aim of
improving genetic parameters used to predict breeding
values and correlated response to selection. The trials
comprised clonally replicated full-sib families (eight trials)
and unrelated clones (17 trials), and exhibited varying
levels of pedigree connectivity. The traits studied were stem
diameter at breast height, Pilodyn penetration (an indirect
measure of wood basic density) and near infrared reflectance
predicted pulp yield. Univariate and multivariate
linear mixed models were fitted within and across sites, and estimates of additive genetic, total genetic, environmental
and phenotypic variances and covariances were obtained.
All traits studied exhibited significant levels of additive
genetic variation. The average estimated within-site narrowsense
heritability was 0.19±0.03 for diameter and 0.29±
0.03 for Pilodyn penetration, and the pooled estimate for
predicted pulp yield was 0.42±0.14. When they could be
tested, dominance and epistatic effects were generally not
statistically significant, although broad-sense heritability
estimates were slightly higher than narrow-sense heritability
estimates. Averaged across trials, positive additive
(0.64±0.08), total genetic (0.58±0.04), environmental
(0.38±0.03) and phenotypic (0.43±0.02) correlation estimates
were consistently obtained between diameter and
Pilodyn penetration. This data argues for at least some form
of pleiotropic relationship between these two traits and that
selection for fast growth will adversely affect wood density
in this population. Estimates of the across-site genetic
correlations for diameter and Pilodyn penetration were
high, indicating that the genotype by environment interaction
is low across the range of sites tested. This result
supports the use of single aggregated selection criteria for
growth and wood density across planting environments in
Portugal, as opposed to having to select for performance in
different environment