Epidemiologia da doença de Chagas em quatro localidades rurais de Jaguaruana, Estado do Ceará: soroprevalência da infecção, parasitemia e aspectos clínicos Epidemiology of Chagas disease in four rural localities in Jaguaruana, State of Ceará: seroprevalence of infection, parasitemia and clinical characteristics

Um estudo transversal sobre a doença de Chagas realizado com o exame da população de quatro localidades (nº= 541 habitantes) do município de Jaguaruana, estado do Ceará, mostrou: a soroprevalência da infecção chagásica em 3,1%, avaliada pelos testes de imunofluorescência indireta, hemaglutinação indireta e ELISA, maior entre as pessoas com mais de 50 anos e sem diferença em relação ao sexo; a parasitemia positiva em 11,8% (2/17) soropositivos, determinada pelo xenodiagnóstico indireto e em 75% (9/12) pela reação em cadeia da polimerase (p<0,05); a cardiopatia em 41% (7/17) dos soropositivos e em 11,8% (2/17) dos controles soronegativos (p< 0,05), avaliada por anamnese, exame físico e eletrocardiograma de repouso. A análise desses resultados mostrou que as prevalências da parasitemia positiva e da cardiopatia chagásica crônica são semelhantes às da Caatinga do Piauí e maiores do que no Sertão da Paraíba, apesar de historicamente, todas essas áreas apresentarem o Triatoma brasiliensis e o Triatoma pseudomaculata como principais responsáveis pela transmissão da infecção chagásica.<br>A cross-sectional study on Chagas disease that examined the populations of four localities (nº = 541 inhabitants) in the municipality of Jaguaruana, State of Ceará, showed seroprevalence of Chagas infection of 3.1%, as assessed by indirect immunofluorescence, indirect hemagglutination and ELISA tests. The rate was higher among adults over 50 years old, without any difference in relation to sex. Positive parasitemia was found in 11.8% (2/17) of the seropositive individuals by means of indirect xenodiagnosis and in 75% (9/12) by means of the polymerase chain reaction (p < 0.05). Cardiopathy was found by means of anamnesis, physical examination and resting electrocardiogram in 41% (7/17) of the seropositive individuals and in 11.8% (2/17) of the seronegative controls (p < 0.05). Analysis of these results showed that the prevalences of positive parasitemia and chronic Chagas cardiopathy were similar to those in the Caatinga area of Piauí and greater than in the Sertão area of Paraíba, although all these areas historically presented Triatoma brasiliensis and Triatoma pseudomaculata as the primary vectors responsible for Chagas infection transmission

Effect of methylprednisolone on acute kidney injury in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with a cardiopulmonary bypass pump : a randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND: Perioperative corticosteroid use may reduce acute kidney injury. We sought to test whether methylprednisolone reduces the risk of acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery. METHODS: We conducted a prespecified substudy of a randomized controlled trial involving patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (2007-2014); patients were recruited from 79 centres in 18 countries. Eligibility criteria included a moderate-to-high risk of perioperative death based on a preoperative score of 6 or greater on the European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation I. Patients (n = 7286) were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive intravenous methylprednisolone (250 mg at anesthetic induction and 250 mg at initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass) or placebo. Patients, caregivers, data collectors and outcome adjudicators were unaware of the assigned intervention. The primary outcome was postoperative acute kidney injury, defined as an increase in the serum creatinine concentration (from the preoperative value) of 0.3 mg/dL or greater (>= 26.5 mu mol/L) or 50% or greater in the 14-day period after surgery, or use of dialysis within 30 days after surgery. RESULTS: Acute kidney injury occurred in 1479/3647 patients (40.6%) in the methylprednisolone group and in 1426/3639 patients (39.2%) in the placebo group (adjusted relative risk 1.04, 95% confidence interval 0.96 to 1.11). Results were consistent across several definitions of acute kidney injury and in patients with preoperative chronic kidney disease. INTERPRETATION: Intraoperative corticosteroid use did not reduce the risk of acute kidney injury in patients with a moderate-to-high risk of perioperative death who had cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Our results do not support the prophylactic use of steroids during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery