Eliciting values for environmental attributes of a private good using a real choice experiment

Markets for environmentally friendly products have been expanding during the last decade. These products provide both private benefits to the consumer and environmental – public – benefits. The demand for environmentally friendly products has consequently received a growing interest. Our study aims at studying consumers' choices for a non-food product, i.e. roses, with different environmental attributes. We combine a choice experiment with a laboratory experiment to provide real economic incentives.Choice experiment, environmental attributes, real economic incentives, Environmental Economics and Policy,

When a precedent of donation favors defection in the Prisoner's dilemma

In this paper we examine the question of wether a collective activity can influence cooperation in a subsequent repeated one shot prisoner's dilemma (PD) game. We conduct two series of experiments. The first consists of control experiments in which 30 periods of a PD game are played, with a random re-matching of the pairs in every period. In a second series of experiments, subjects first play a donation game and then the PD game. In the donation game they collectively discuss the amount of a donation to a given charity, before putting the question to an individual and anonymous vote. Cooperation levels in the PD games preceded by the donation game are signficantly lower than those observed in the control experiment.DONATION;COOPERATION;DEFECTION;REPEATED ONE SHOT PRISONER'S DILEMMA;EXPERIMENT

Choice of an ordering strategy taking into account of risks about customer service levels and on-hands inventories

This paper investigates the foundations of cooperative identity and how it is constructed by the organisation. More specifically, our research focuses on a financial cooperative in the simultaneously emerging and consolidating cultural sector. The originality of this paper lies in the methodology used—textual analysis. We use the Economies of Worth model developed by Boltanski & Thévenot (2006), which accounts for a plurality of legitimate forms of evaluation used in the processes of critique and justification.GAME THEORY;SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT;DEICSION ANALYSIS;RISK ANALYSIS;SIMULATION

Willingness to pay for environmental attributes of non-food agricultural products: a real choice experiment

This paper investigates consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) a price premium for two environmental attributes of a non-food agricultural product. We study individual preferences for roses associated with an eco-label and a carbon footprint using an economic experiment combining discrete choice questions and real economic incentives involving real purchases of roses against cash. The data are analyzed with a mixed logit model and reveal significant premiums for both environmental attributes of the product.WILLINGNESS TO PAY;ENVIRONMENTAL ATTRIBUTES;NON-FOOD PRODUCT;REAL CHOICE EXPERIMENT;MIXED LOGIT

Des billets verts pour des entreprises agricoles vertes ?

Il est de coutume d'associer à la protection de l'environnement l'idée que l'intervention des pouvoirs publics représente uniquement des coûts supplémentaires pour les agriculteurs. Cependant, depuis quelques années, ce paradigme est remis en cause par de nombreuses études. Par exemple, Porter et van der Linde (Porter, 1991; Porter and van der Linde, 1995) considèrent que la pollution est souvent associée à une sous utilisation des ressources (matière première, énergie, etc.) et que l'existence de politiques environnementales plus strictes peut stimuler l'innovation et, par là même, aboutir à une compensation des coûts supportés par les entreprises régulées. En réalité, il existe de multiples canaux par lesquels une amélioration de la performance environnementale des exploitations agricoles peut aboutir à de meilleures performances économiques, ou en tout cas pas nécessairement à un accroissement des coûts d'exploitation. Pour être systématique, il faut examiner les impacts de la performance environnementale non seulement en termes de revenus additionnels, mais également en termes de réduction des coûts. En suivant le cadre d'analyse proposé par Reinhardt (2000), Lankoski (2000, 2006) et Lanoie et Ambec (2007), nous pouvons tout d'abord constater qu'une amélioration des performances environnementales peut induire un accroissement des recettes via trois canaux : i) l'accès à de nouveaux marchés,; ii) la possibilité de différencier les produits et iii) la possibilité de vendre des technologies environnementales. Par ailleurs, une meilleure performance environnementale peut également se traduire par une réduction des coûts dans les catégories suivantes : iv) coûts réglementaires; v) coûts des matières premières, des intrants et de l?énergie; vi) coût du capital et vii) coût du travail. L'objectif de cet article est d'appliquer ce cadre d'analyse au secteur agricole. Plus précisément, à l'aide d'illustration et d'études de cas, nous analysons pour chacun des sept points présentés ci-dessus les relations qui peuvent exister entre la performance environnementale des exploitations agricoles et leur performance économique. Si certains auteurs ont déjà étudié la rentabilité de différentes mesures ou techniques agro-environnementales, il n'existe pas à notre connaissance d'études systématiques. De plus, les exemples concrets d'expériences menées en France et au Québec montrent que la question de l'impact des pratiques environnementales sur la rentabilité des entreprises reste d'actualité, et que les approches proposées peuvent être une source d?inspiration pour les agriculteurs en réflexion quant à leur décision d?investir ou non en matière de protection de l'environnement.ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY;INNOVATION;ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE;BUSINESS PERFORMANCE;POLITIQUE DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT;POLLUTION;

A tribute to José María ("Chema") Cantú

José María ("Chema") Cantú (1938-2007), nacido en México, fue un líder pionero, amado y respetado en genética médica y humana y bioética en América Latina. Se graduó como médico en México y luego se formó en genética médica y humana en Francia y los Estados Unidos. Fue instrumental en el desarrollo de un programa de investigación, capacitación y genética de primera categoría en genética médica y humana en Guadalajara, en el noroeste de México. Actuó enérgicamente a nivel nacional, regional e internacional para promover el desarrollo científico a través de la colaboración y la educación en ciencias y humanidades, al mismo tiempo que se esforzaba por la justicia, la paz, el amor y los derechos humanos. Él alcanzó algunos de los honores más altos que un científico y un humanista podían aspirar así como el reconocimiento de las comunidades que él sirvió. Cientos de discípulos de América Latina y del mundo se han inspirado en su visión de un mundo mejor a través de la conjunción de la ciencia, el respeto a la humanidad, la ética y el amor.José María (“Chema”) Cantú (1938-2007), born in Mexico, was a pioneering, loved and respected leader in medical and human genetics and bioethics in Latin America. He graduated as a physician in Mexico and then trained in medical and human genetics in France and the United States. He was instrumental in developing a first-rate research, training and genetic services program in medical and human genetics in Guadalajara, in northwestern Mexico. He acted forcefully at national, regional and international levels to promote scientific development through collaboration and education in science and humanities, while he simultaneously strived for justice, peace, love and human rights. He attained some of the highest honors a scientist and humanist could aspire to as well as the recognition of the communities he served. Hundreds of disciples throughout Latin America and the world have been inspired by his vision of a better world through the conjunction of science, respect for humankind, ethics and love

The Role of Chronic Liver Diseases in the Emergence and Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An Omics Perspective.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) typically develops from a background of cirrhosis resulting from chronic inflammation. This inflammation is frequently associated with chronic liver diseases (CLD). The advent of next generation sequencing has enabled extensive analyses of molecular aberrations in HCC. However, less attention has been directed to the chronically inflamed background of the liver, prior to HCC emergence and during recurrence following surgery. Hepatocytes within chronically inflamed liver tissues present highly activated inflammatory signaling pathways and accumulation of a complex mutational landscape. In this altered environment, cells may transform in a stepwise manner toward tumorigenesis. Similarly, the chronically inflamed environment which persists after resection may impact the timing of HCC recurrence. Advances in research are allowing an extensive epigenomic, transcriptomic and proteomic characterization of CLD which define the emergence of HCC or its recurrence. The amount of data generated will enable the understanding of oncogenic mechanisms in HCC from the CLD perspective and provide the possibility to identify robust biomarkers or novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of primary and recurrent HCC. Importantly, biomarkers defined by the analysis of CLD tissue may permit the early detection or prevention of HCC emergence and recurrence. In this review, we compile the current omics based evidence of the contribution of CLD tissues to the emergence and recurrence of HCC

Insights into the reionization epoch from cosmic-noon-CIV emitters in the VANDELS survey

Recently, intense emission from nebular C III] and C IV emission lines have been observed in galaxies in the epoch of reionization ($z>6$) and have been proposed as the prime way of measuring their redshift and studying their stellar populations. These galaxies might represent the best examples of cosmic reionizers, as suggested by recent low-z observations of Lyman Continuum emitting galaxies, but it is hard to directly study the production and escape of ionizing photons at such high redshifts. The ESO spectroscopic public survey VANDELS offers the unique opportunity to find rare examples of such galaxies at cosmic noon ($z\sim 3$), thanks to the ultra deep observations available. We have selected a sample of 39 galaxies showing C IV emission, whose origin (after a careful comparison to photoionization models) can be ascribed to star formation and not to AGN. By using a multi-wavelength approach, we determine their physical properties including metallicity and ionization parameter and compare them to the properties of the parent population to understand what are the ingredients that could characterize the analogs of the cosmic reionizers. We find that C IV emitters are galaxies with high photons production efficiency and there are strong indications that they might have also large escape fraction: given the visibility of C IV in the epoch of reionization this could become the best tool to pinpoint the cosmic reioinzers.Comment: 15 pages, 10 figures, resubmitted to A&A after addressing the referee comment

Insights into the reionization epoch from cosmic-noon-Civ emitters in the VANDELS survey

Recently, intense emission from nebular CaIII and CIV emission lines have been observed in galaxies in the epoch of reionization (z>6) and have been proposed as the prime way of measuring their redshift and studying their stellar populations. These galaxies might represent the best examples of cosmic reionizers, as suggested by recent low-z observations of Lyman continuum emitting galaxies, but it is hard to directly study the production and escape of ionizing photons at such high redshifts. The ESO spectroscopic public survey VANDELS offers the unique opportunity to find rare examples of such galaxies at cosmic noon (z~3), thanks to the ultra deep observations available. We have selected a sample of 39 galaxies showing CIV emission, whose origin (after a careful comparison to photoionization models) can be ascribed to star formation and not to active galactic nuclei. By using a multiwavelength approach, we determined their physical properties including metallicity and the ionization parameter and compared them to the properties of the parent population to understand what the ingredients are that could characterize the analogs of the cosmic reionizers. We find that CIV emitters are galaxies with high photon production efficiency and there are strong indications that they might also have a large escape fraction: given the visibility of CIV in the epoch of reionization, this could become the best tool to pinpoint the cosmic reioinzers