Relating pseudospin and spin symmetries through charge conjugation and chiral transformations: the case of the relativistic harmonic oscillator

We solve the generalized relativistic harmonic oscillator in 1+1 dimensions, i.e., including a linear pseudoscalar potential and quadratic scalar and vector potentials which have equal or opposite signs. We consider positive and negative quadratic potentials and discuss in detail their bound-state solutions for fermions and antifermions. The main features of these bound states are the same as the ones of the generalized three-dimensional relativistic harmonic oscillator bound states. The solutions found for zero pseudoscalar potential are related to the spin and pseudospin symmetry of the Dirac equation in 3+1 dimensions. We show how the charge conjugation and $\gamma^5$ chiral transformations relate the several spectra obtained and find that for massless particles the spin and pseudospin symmetry related problems have the same spectrum, but different spinor solutions. Finally, we establish a relation of the solutions found with single-particle states of nuclei described by relativistic mean-field theories with scalar, vector and isoscalar tensor interactions and discuss the conditions in which one may have both nucleon and antinucleon bound states.Comment: 33 pages, 10 figures, uses revtex macro

Pesos e rendimentos de carcaça de ovinos Santa Inês alimentados com farelo do fruto da manga em substituição ao farelo de milho.

O presente estudo objetivou avaliar as características quantitativas (pesos e rendimentos da carcaça) de ovinos Santa Inês alimentados com quatro níveis de substituição do farelo de milho pelo farelo do fruto da manga

Efeito do farelo do fruto da manga em substituição ao farelo de milho no rendimento de cortes de carcaça de ovinos Santa Inês.

Avaliaram-se as características quantitativas de pesos e rendimentos de carcaça de 24 ovinos Santa Inês, castrados, alimentados em baias individuais, com quatro níveis de substituição do farelo de milho pelo farelo do fruto da manga (0; 33; 66 ou 100%)

Phytosociology, diversity and floristic similarity of a Cerrado fragment on Southern Ceará state, Brazilian Semiarid.

There is a lack of studies on phytosociology of Cerrado fragments within the Caatinga biome, located in the Southern region of Ceará State, associated to the Brazilian Crystalline Shield geological formation. Thus, contributing to the diagnosis and knowledge of this plant community, a survey on the general flora and especially the structure of arboreal vegetation was made. Every individual with SND ≥ 3cm (total height), within 12 parcels with 12x30 m (0.432 ha) of area was sampled. The floristic similarity was calculated by the Jaccard index, in comparison with ten other Brazilian Cerrado areas. Fourty-six species distributed in 22 families were found, comprising a total of 906 individuals, with AD=2,097.22 ind.ha-1. The highest abundance was found within families Fabaceae (20.31%) and Vochysiaceae (19.98%). Qualea parviflora, Annona leptopetala, Hymenaea stignocarpa and Callisthene fasciculata had the highest IVI index species. The calculated biodiversity indexes were: alpha diversity of Shannon (H’) = 3.8 and equitability of Pielou (J’) = 0.83. The results obtained show the area as a vegetation relict, under threat due to the penetration of Caatinga species, climatic changes, insufficient conservation efforts and fast anthropic deforestation. As a result, this relict area tends to shrink to a fragment much smaller than it was in the past

Dinâmica espectro-temporal MODIS em plantios de paricá (Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (Huber ex. Ducke) Barneby) associada a diferentes condições hídricas do solo na Amazônia brasileira.

As características de absorção e reflectâncias nas faixas do vermelho e infravermelho próximo em dosséis, tanto de plantios como de vegetação natural, auxiliam na identificação de respostas espectrais em diversas condições de tempo e clima. Objetivou-se avaliar o comportamento espectral em plantios de paricá (Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (Huber ex Ducke) Barneby) nos períodos de maior e de menor oferta hídrica, em Dom Eliseu, Pa. Foram analisados dados meteorológicos, balanços hídricos (CAD=300 mm) e respostas em NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) extraídos do sensor MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer). As imagens-índice referentes aos meses de janeiro a dezembro foram processadas no software Envi 4.5 e retiradas amostras com base em dados de verdade terrestre. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente, aplicando-se teste de média e análise de perfil por meio de técnicas uni e multivariadas. Verificou-se que existe tendência no vigor do paricá, com decrescimento de 0,85 a 0,68, nos meses de maior deficiência hídrica, em nível de significância de 5 %. Conclui-se que o NDVI respondeu significativamente à condição hídrica do solo, em plantios de paricá, no Estado do Pará

Intensity-duration-frequency of maximum rainfall in Mato Grosso State.

EN-US: Intensive rainfall is an important meteorological variable that is of technical interest in hydraulic projects. This study therefore generated Intensity-Duration-Frequency equations (IDF) for 14 weather stations in Mato Grosso State, based on pluviograph analysis. Annual maximum rainfall data regarding 10-to-1440-minute long rainfall events were collected from digitized daily pluviographs. Data adherence to the generalized extreme value distribution (GEV) was checked through the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test at a 20% significance level. Next, the maximum probable rainfall for return periods such as 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 50 and 100 years was calculated and the IDF equations were adjusted. The performance of the IDF equations was evaluated based on mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), bias, Willmott's concordance index and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency index (ENS). Adjusting the IDF equations was only possible for rainfall durations ranging from 10 to 360 min at each station due to the low frequency of longer rainfalls. High variation was present in parameters of the IDF equation and in maximum rainfall intensity between stations. The satisfactory performance of the models, as attested to by statistical indices, allows using IDF equations adjusted for rainfall durations from 10 to 360 min, and return periods from 2 to 100 years, in the regions of the Mato Grosso weather stations. | PT-BR: A chuva intensa é uma importante variável meteorológica que apresenta interesse técnico em projetos hidráulicos. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo obter equações intensidade-duração-frequência (IDF), obtidas por análise de pluviógrafos, para 14 estações no Estado do Mato Grosso. As séries anuais de intensidade máximas de chuva com duração de 10 a 1440 min foram obtidas de Pluviogramas diários digitalizados. Verificada a aderência das séries à distribuição generalizada de valores extremos, pelo teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov à 20% de significância, calculou-se as chuvas máximas prováveis para os tempos de retorno de 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 50 e 100 anos e, ajustaram-se as equações IDF. O desempenho das equações IDF foi avaliado pelo erro absoluto médio (MAE), erro quadrático médio (RMSE), bias, índice de concordância de Willmott e índice de eficiência de Nash-Sutcliffe (ENS). Em todas as estações foi possível ajustar apenas equações IDF para chuvas com duração de 10 a 360 min, devido à baixa frequência de chuvas com duração superior. Houve grande variação na intensidade máxima da chuva e dos parâmetros da equação IDF entre as estações estudadas. O bom desempenho dos modelos, conforme atestados por índices estatísticos, permitem a utilização das equações IDF para as durações de 10 a 360 min e tempo de retorno de 2 a 100 anos, nas regiões das estações do Mato Grosso

Glyphosate plus carboxylic compounds boost activity of free radical-scavenging enzymes in sugarcane.

Abstract: Drought, heat, and salinity, as well as pests, are stressing agents, which have impressively declined the productivity and quality of sugarcane crop in harsh environments. Our study aimed to examine the effect of various chemical ripeners as alternatives to enhancing the reactiveness of the enzymatic antioxidant system of sugarcane crop. The field experiment consisted of spraying the ingredients, ethephon, ethyl-trinexapac, glyphosate, carboxylic compounds (MTD) and methyl-sulfumeturon on the Brazilian commercial varieties, SP80-1842 and SP80-3280, before flowering stage. The enzymatic assay comprised the monitoring of the rate of degradation of free radical by ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the extract from leaves of 11-month-old plants. Spraying glyphosate at 0.15 L ha-1 with MTD at 1.00 L ha-1 provided the highest activity of CAT, 0.65 µmol H2O2 min-1 mg-1 protein, in variety SP80-1842 Spraying glyphosate at 0.15 L ha-1 with ethephon at 0.33 L ha-1 caused the highest activity of APX, 1.70 nmol ascorbate min-1 mg-1 protein, in variety SP80-3280. The conclusion is, therefore, that mixtures of glyphosate with the insecticide/acaricide, MTD, and with the synthetic ethylene-releasing product, ethephon could help sugarcane crop grow adequately under uncontrollable or unpredictable agroecosystems like marginal lands

Ocorrência de populações de palmeiras do gênero Oenocarpus associada às condições topoclimáticas de Terra Santa, Pará.

O objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar a ocorrência de populações do gênero Oenocarpus associada às condições topoclimáticas do Munícipio de Terra Santa, PA, para subsidiar estratégias de manejo sustentável das palmeiras e de sua cadeia produtiva, no Oeste do Pará.bitstream/item/153289/1/DOC-427-V03-ainfo.pd

Anti-thermal shock binding of liquid-state food waste to non-wood pellets.

Abstract: The development and implementation of strategies to assist safe and effective transport and storage of pellets in containers and indoor facilities without heating systems are challenging. This study primarily aimed to reshape the organic fraction of municipal solid waste into a liquid-state binder in order to develop freezing?defrosting-proof non-wood pellets. The introduction of the standard solution of food waste into the process of pelleting consisted of stirring it together with the residual biomass from distillation of cellulosic bioethanol or alternatively spraying very fine droplets on the layer of the starting material before it entered the pilot-scale automatic machine at 200 MPa and 125 °C. The addition by spraying of carbohydrate-rich supplement boiled for five minutes caused the pellets to show increases in apparent density (1250.8500 kg·m?3), durability (99.7665%), and hydrophobicity (93.9785%), and consistently prevented them from suffering severe mechanical fracture by thermal shock. The fractal dimension of breakpoints, cracks, and delamination on the finished surface for these products was the smallest at 1.7500-1.7505. Sprayed pellets would fall into the strictest grid of products for residential heat-and-power units, even after freezing and defrosting. The conclusion is therefore that spraying can spectacularly ensure the reliability of liquid-state food waste as an anti-thermal shock binder for non-wood pellets

Jasmonic acid and K-phosphite enhance productivity and technological quality of sugarcane crop.

Abstract: Plant resistance inducers are cost-effective and environmentally pleasing strategies of plant protection to mitigate biotic and abiotic agents threatening food safety and energy security. We, accordingly, present jasmonic acid and k-phosphite as low-cost strategies to enhance productive yield and technological quality of sugarcane crop. Exogenously treatment of the sugarcane variety SP81-3250 consisted of carrying out foliar application of jasmonic acid at 1, 1.5 and 2 ml L-1 and K-phosphite at 2, 4 and 6 ml L-1 before crop flowering. Interestingly, both systemic phytorregulator and foliar fertilizer at the lowest doses significantly improved contents of total soluble solids and sucrose, as well as productive yield of fermentable sugars. Jasmonic acid could promote growth and development by triggering either non-enzymatic or enzymatic mechanisms in the host self-defense system to support of external stresses, including herbivory by sugarcane-borer. K-phosphite could improve crop performance by not only releasing water-soluble inorganic ions like phosphorus and potash, but also by signaling synthesis of phytoalexins. Purity of cane juice and productivity of stalks sharply decreased, as the doses of the plant-resistance inducers increased. Jasmonic acid and k-phosphite at unbalanced endogenous levels could inhibit physiological ripening and specific enzymatical activity of alkaline invertases and sucrose-phosphate synthase, thereby influencing bioavailability of sucrose. The lower the sucrose content, the poorer the technological quality of sugarcane crop. The conclusion is, therefore, jasmonic acid and K-phosphite at lower doses prove to be effective induced resistance techniques to produce richer feedstock, with potential to produce ethanol fuel and refined sugar in sugar-energy plants