The Catalytic Asymmetric Mukaiyama–Michael Reaction of Silyl Ketene Acetals with α,β-Unsaturated Methyl Esters

α,β-Unsaturated esters are readily available but challenging substrates to activate in asymmetric catalysis. We now describe an efficient, general, and highly enantioselective Mukaiyama–Michael reaction of silyl ketene acetals with α,β-unsaturated methyl esters that is catalyzed by a silylium imidodiphosphorimidate (IDPi) Lewis acid

Background segmentation to enhance remote field eddy current signals

Pipe condition assessment is critical to avoid breakages. Remote Field Eddy Current (RFEC) is a commonly used technology to assess the condition of pipes. The nature of this technology induces some particular noise into its measurements. In this paper, we develop a 3D simulation based on the Finite Element Analysis to study the properties of this noise. Moreover, we propose a filtering process based on a modified version of graph-cuts segmentation method to remove the influence of this noise. Simulated data together with an experimental data-set obtained from a real RFEC inspection show the validity of the proposed approach

Modelagem uni e bivariada da variabilidade espacial de rendimento de Pinus taeda L.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a variabilidade espacial de rendimento de Pinus taeda L. em função de teores de argila do solo obtidos de um mapeamento detalhado de solos, na escala 1:10.000, em uma área localizada no município de Rio Negrinho, estado de Santa Catarina. Os dados dendrométricos para a realização deste estudo, coletados em parcelas de inventário florestal contínuo, foram obtidos de um povoamento com área de 2.252,11 ha. Propriedades do solo e rendimentos de Pinus taeda foram analisados através de métodos geoestatísticos, usando-se semivariogramas, modelos espaciais uni e bivariados e interpolação espacial por krigagem e cokrigagem para construção de mapas que descrevam o rendimento na região. Pelos semivariogramas, avaliou-se a estrutura de continuidade espacial do incremento médio anual volumétrico (IMA), pelo interesse prático nessa variável e também por ter sido a que melhor se correlacionou com os dados de solos. A comparação dos dois mapas obtidos de IMA obtidos pela modelagem uni e bivariada sugere que a última proporciona uma descrição mais detalhada do atributo de interesse na área, sendo o detalhamento da variabilidade espacial dependente do maior ou menor número de dados obtidos geograficamente para o estudo

Importância do conhecimento do meio físico em redes de monitoramento de parcelas permanentes do setor florestal.

Palestra 20. Acesso pelo Programa do Evento

fMRI evidence of ‘mirror’ responses to geometric shapes

Mirror neurons may be a genetic adaptation for social interaction [1]. Alternatively, the associative hypothesis [2], [3] proposes that the development of mirror neurons is driven by sensorimotor learning, and that, given suitable experience, mirror neurons will respond to any stimulus. This hypothesis was tested using fMRI adaptation to index populations of cells with mirror properties. After sensorimotor training, where geometric shapes were paired with hand actions, BOLD response was measured while human participants experienced runs of events in which shape observation alternated with action execution or observation. Adaptation from shapes to action execution, and critically, observation, occurred in ventral premotor cortex (PMv) and inferior parietal lobule (IPL). Adaptation from shapes to execution indicates that neuronal populations responding to the shapes had motor properties, while adaptation to observation demonstrates that these populations had mirror properties. These results indicate that sensorimotor training induced populations of cells with mirror properties in PMv and IPL to respond to the observation of arbitrary shapes. They suggest that the mirror system has not been shaped by evolution to respond in a mirror fashion to biological actions; instead, its development is mediated by stimulus-general processes of learning within a system adapted for visuomotor control

The Role of Attention in a Joint-Action Effect

The most common explanation for joint-action effects has been the action co-representation account in which observation of another's action is represented within one's own action system. However, recent evidence has shown that the most prominent of these joint-action effects (i.e., the Social Simon effect), can occur when no co-actor is present. In the current work we examined whether another joint-action phenomenon (a movement congruency effect) can be induced when a participant performs their part of the task with a different effector to that of their co-actor and when a co-actor's action is replaced by an attention-capturing luminance signal. Contrary to what is predicted by the action co-representation account, results show that the basic movement congruency effect occurred in both situations. These findings challenge the action co-representation account of this particular effect and suggest instead that it is driven by bottom-up mechanisms