Generalized Second Law of Thermodynamics in f(T)f(T) Gravity with Entropy Corrections

We study the generalized second law (GSL) of thermodynamics in $f(T)$ cosmology. We consider the universe as a closed bounded system filled with $n$ component fluids in the thermal equilibrium with the cosmological boundary. We use two different cosmic horizons: the future event horizon and the apparent horizon. We show the conditions under which the GSL will be valid in specific scenarios of the quintessence and the phantom energy dominated eras. Further we associate two different entropies with the cosmological horizons: with a logarithmic correction term and a power-law correction term. We also find the conditions for the GSL to be satisfied or violated by imposing constraints on model parameters.Comment: 17 pages, no figure, title changed, version accepted for publication in Astrophysics and Space Scienc

Diversidade genética de Chenopodium ambrosioides da região cacaueira da Bahia com base em marcadores RAPD Genetic diversity based on RAPD markers of Chenopodium ambrosioides from the cocoa region of Bahia State, Brazil

Chenopodium ambrosioides L., conhecida no Brasil por suas propriedades medicinais e usada principalmente para o controle de verminoses intestinais, é pouco estudada quanto à diversidade genética. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a diversidade genética de 16 indivíduos de C. ambrosioides, provenientes de diferentes municípios da região cacaueira da Bahia, pela técnica de RAPD (DNA polimórfico amplificado ao acaso). Apenas 6,9% das 216 bandas RAPD amplificadas foram polimórficas e a análise de agrupamento evidenciou que não há formação de grupos por área de coleta. Portanto, há pequena variabilidade entre os materiais e esta variabilidade encontra-se distribuída entre as regiões amostradas.<br>Chenopodium ambrosioides L. is known in many parts of Brazil for its medicinal properties, mainly used to control intestinal worms. Its genetic diversity is little studied. The objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic variability of 16 accessions of C. ambrosioides from the cocoa region of Bahia State, Brazil, by the RAPD technique (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA). Only 6.9% of the 216 amplified RAPD bands were polymorphic and the pattern of dispersion of individuals showed no clustering related to sample site. Therefore, there is low variability among accessions and it is distributed among the accessions from the entire sampled region

Adsorção e dessorção de cádmio, cobre e chumbo por amostras de Latossolos pré-tratadas com fósforo Cadmium, copper, and lead adsorption and desorption in Oxisol samples pre-treated with phophorus

O movimento de elementos-traço nos solos está intimamente associado aos fatores que contribuem para sua retenção na fase sólida; dentre esses fatores, destaca-se a presença de ânions adsorvidos. Neste trabalho, avaliou-se o efeito do pré-tratamento do solo com P sobre a adsorção e dessorção de Cd, Cu e Pb em amostras dos horizontes A e B de dois solos: Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo ácrico típico (LVAw) e Latossolo Vermelho ácrico típico (LVw). O pré-tratamento com P consistiu na reação das amostras de solo, durante 72 h, com Ca(H2PO4)2.H2 O 10,75 mmol L-1 (relação solo:solução de 1:1,5). Para a adsorção dos metais, amostras de solo tratadas e não tratadas com P foram inicialmente pré-equilibradas com Ca(NO3)2 5 mmol L-1 (relação solo:solução 1:67, pH 5,5) e colocadas para reagir, individualmente, com Cu(NO3)2, Cd(NO3)2 ou Pb(NO3)2 na concentração de 0,45 mmol L-1 (relação solo:solução final 1:100). O pré-tratamento com P aumentou a adsorção de todos os metais, com maior incremento nas amostras dos horizontes B. O aumento da adsorção com o tratamento com P indica que a presença de P nesses solos contribui para reduzir a disponibilidade dos metais Cd, Cu e Pb. A quantidade adsorvida segue a seqüência Pb > Cu >> Cd. Com relação à fração de metal dessorvida (metal dessorvido/metal adsorvido ), esta foi menor nas amostras previamente tratadas com P para Pb, sendo a dessorção de Cu não influenciada pelo tratamento com P.<br>The movement of trace elements in soils is closely related to factors that contribute to their retention in the solid phase, for instance adsorbed anions. In the present work, it was evaluated the effect of phosphorus (P) pre-treatment on adsorption and desorption of Cd, Cu, and Pb in A and B horizon samples of two Latosol (Oxisols): a Yellow-Red Latosol and a Dark-Red Latosol. The P pre-treatment consisted of reacting soils samples for 72 h with 10.75 mmol L-1 Ca(H2PO4)2.H2 O (soil:solution ratio of 1:1.5). For adsorbing the metals, samples of pre-treated and non pre-treated soil material were pre-equilibrated with 5 mmol L-1 Ca(NO3)2 (soil:solution ratio of 1:67; pH 5.5), and then reacted, individually, with 0.450 mmol L-1 Cu(NO3)2, Cd(NO3)2, or Pb(NO3 )2, (final soil:solution ratio of 1:100). Phosphorus pre-treatment increased the adsorption of all metals, particularly in B-horizon samples. The increased adsorption indicates that the presence of P in these soils may contribute to reduce Cd, Cu and Pb availability. The amount of metal adsorbed followed the sequence Pb > Cu >> Cd. Regarding the fraction of desorbed metal (desorbed metal/adsorbed metal), it was smaller in the previously P treated samples, except for Cu, whose desorption was not influenced by the pre-treatment with P

Supplementary Material for: Major Contribution of Genomic Copy Number Variation in Syndromic Congenital Heart Disease: The Use of MLPA as the First Genetic Test

<p>Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common congenital disorder among live births. When associated with extracardiac abnormalities, it is characterized as a syndromic heart disease (syndromic CHD) and corresponds to 25% of all liveborn infants with a heart defect. The etiology in about 65% of the cases still remains unknown, and in about 35% of the patients, it is associated with genetic factors. In the present study, MLPA and SNP-array techniques were used to investigate a group of 47 patients with syndromic CHD. In total, 16 defects (34%) were identified, of which 12 (25.5%) were classified as pathogenic or probably pathogenic. The most frequent abnormalities were 22q11.2 deletion (22q11.2 deletion syndrome) and 7q11.23 deletion (Williams-Beuren syndrome). We also show that rarer malformations may be associated with syndromic CHD, such as 14q32.33 deletion as well as 17q25.3, 15q11.2 (BP1-BP2), 22q13.31, and 12p13.31 (<i>SLC2A3</i>) duplications. The present study demonstrates that CNVs are important causal factors and should be studied in patients with syndromic CHD. Furthermore, the use of MLPA as a first screening test was appropriate, as this less expensive technology detected 11 of the 12 pathogenic abnormalities (91.6%).</p

RESISTANCE TO OXAMNIQUINE OF A Schistosoma mansoni STRAIN ISOLATED FROM PATIENT SUBMITTED TO REPEATED TREATMENTS

A strain of Schistosoma mansoni (R1) was isolated from patient previously submitted to four treatments with oxamniquine, and to another one with praziquantel. The results obtained with chemotherapeutic test, by using oxamniquine in mice infected with the strains R1 and LE (standard), showed an evident resistance to the drug in worms of the strain R1. Thus, at the dose of 250 mg/kg oxamniquine, all mice (17) infected with the LE strain did not show surviving worms, whereas 12 out of 17 mice infected with the R1 strain presented surviving worms. At the dose of 200 mg/kg, the LE strain showed recovery rates of 1.06% and 20.58%, whereas the R1 strain presented 18.57% and 61.14%, for male and female worms, respectively. At the dose of 100 mg/kg, the recovery of male worms was 2.6% for the LE strain, and 29.9% for the R1 strain. At the same dose, the recovery of females did not show statistically significant differences between the two strains (LE = 76.38%, R1 = 79.12%). Praziquantel showed similar antischistosomal activity against both studied strains, when administered at the dose of 500 mg/kg<br>Resistência ao oxamniquine de uma cepa de Schistosoma mansoni isolada de paciente submetido a repetidos tratamentos Uma cepa de Schistosoma mansoni (R1) foi isolada de paciente previamente submetido a quatro tratamentos com oxamniquine e a um outro com praziquantel. Os resultados obtidos com o teste quimioterapêutico, usando oxamniquine em camundongos infectados com as cepas R1 e LE (padrão) mostraram resistência evidente à droga em vermes de cepa R1. Assim, com a dose de 250 mg/kg de oxamniquine, todos os camundongos (17) dos 17 camundongos infectados com a cepa R1 apresentaram vermes sobreviventes. Com a dosagem de 200 mg/kg a cepa LE mostrou taxas de recuperação de 1,06 e 20,58% enquanto a cepa R1 apresentou 18,57 e 61,14% para os vermes machos e fêmeas, respectivamente. Com a dose de 100 mg/kg a recuperação de vermes machos foi de 2,6% para a Cepa LE e 29,9% para a R1. Com a mesma dosagem, a recuperação de fêmeas não mostrou diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre as duas espécies (LE = 76,38%, R1 = 79,12%). Praziquantel mostrou atividade-esquistossomicida semelhante contra ambas cepas estudadas quando administrado na dosagem de 500 mg/k

High Energy Physics Opportunities Using Reactor Antineutrinos

Nuclear reactors are uniquely powerful, abundant, and flavor-pure sources of antineutrinos that continue to play a vital role in the US neutrino physics program. The US reactor antineutrino physics community is a diverse interest group encompassing many detection technologies and many particle physics topics, including Standard Model and short-baseline oscillations, BSM physics searches, and reactor flux and spectrum modeling. The community's aims offer strong complimentary with numerous aspects of the wider US neutrino program and have direct relevance to most of the topical sub-groups composing the Snowmass 2021 Neutrino Frontier. Reactor neutrino experiments also have a direct societal impact and have become a strong workforce and technology development pipeline for DOE National Laboratories and universities. This white paper, prepared as a submission to the Snowmass 2021 community organizing exercise, will survey the state of the reactor antineutrino physics field and summarize the ways in which current and future reactor antineutrino experiments can play a critical role in advancing the field of particle physics in the next decade