64 research outputs found
A Novel Mouse Model of Peritoneal Dialysis: Combination of Uraemia and Long-Term Exposure to PD Fluid
Different animal models for peritoneal dialysis (PD) have been used in the past decades to develop PD fluids compatible with patient life and to identify markers of peritoneal fibrosis and inflammation. Only few of those studies have taken into account the importance of uraemia-induced alterations at both systemic and peritoneal levels. Moreover, some animal studies which have reported about PD in a uremic setting did not always entirely succeed in terms of uraemia establishment and animal survival. In the present study we induced uraemia in the recently established mouse PD exposure model in order to obtain a more clinically relevant mouse model for kidney patients. This new designed model reflected both the slight thickening of peritoneal membrane induced by uraemia and the significant extracellular matrix deposition due to daily PD fluid instillation. In addition the model offers the opportunity to perform long-term exposure to PD fluids, as it is observed in the clinical setting, and gives the advantage to knock out candidate markers for driving peritoneal inflammatory mechanisms.Marie Curie actionsPeer Reviewe
S100B and homocysteine in the acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome
Elevations of serum homocysteine levels are a consistent finding in alcohol addiction. Serum S100B levels are altered in different neuropsychiatric disorders but not well investigated in alcohol withdrawal syndromes. Because of the close connection of S100B to ACTH and glutamate secretion that both are involved in neurodegeneration and symptoms of alcoholism the relationship of S100B and homocysteine to acute withdrawal variables has been examined. A total of 22 male and 9 female inpatients (mean age 46.9 ± 9.7 years) with an ICD-10 diagnosis of alcohol addiction without relevant affective comorbidity were examined on admission and after 24, 48, and 120 h during withdrawal. S100B and homocysteine levels in serum were collected, and severity of withdrawal symptoms (AWS-scale), applied withdrawal medication, initial serum ethanol levels and duration of addiction were recorded. Serum S100B and homocysteine levels declined significantly (P < .05) over time. Both levels declined with withdrawal syndrome severity. Females showed a trend to a more intense decline in serum S100B levels compared to males at day 5 (P = .06). Homocysteine levels displayed a negative relationship to applied amount of clomethiazole (P < .05) and correlated with age of onset of addiction. No withdrawal seizures were recorded during the trial. As it is known for homocysteine, S100B revealed to decline rapidly over withdrawal treatment in alcoholism. This effect is more pronounced in female patients. S100B could be of relevance in the neurobiology of alcohol withdrawal syndromes. It may be indirectly related to the level of stress level or glutamatergic activity during alcohol withdrawal
Zolpidem abuse and dependency in an elderly patient with major depressive disorder: a case report
Coping styles of alcohol-dependent individuals: Comparison with depressed patients and controls
The profile of coping mechanisms in a sample of 164 subjects (60 alcohol-dependent individuals, 47 depressed patients, 57 controls) was investigated. Data were collected over the period January-December 2004, at the Eginition Psychiatric Hospital of the Athens University Medical School in Athens, capital of Greece. The Albert Einstein College of Medicine Coping Styles Questionnaire (AECOM-CSQ; Plutchik & Conte, 1989), and the Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Rating Scales (Hamilton, 1959, 1960) were used for the assessment. Post hoc analysis of variance for comparisons between groups and logistic regressions using coping styles as predictor variables for group classification were used for data analysis. The main findings were that alcohol-dependent individuals could be distinguished from either depressed or control subjects on the ground of their coping mechanisms with stress, and that men and women use different patterns of psychological adaptation. More specifically, group classification in terms of specific coping styles could be predicted with an overall accuracy of more than 84%; in men, classification related to the coping mechanism of substitution, and in women to blame, reversal, and substitution. These findings may have implications for individually tailored psychotherapeutic interventions in alcohol-dependent individuals. © Society for Personality Research (Inc.)
Mirtazapine and venlafaxine in the management of collateral psychopathology during alcohol detoxification
Symptoms of anxiety and depression are common in a large proportion of
alcohol-abusing/dependent individuals during alcohol detoxification. The
aim of this study was to examine the impact of a combined
psychotherapeutic-psychopharmacological (either with mirtazapine or
venlafaxine) treatment of these symptoms during the earl), withdrawal
phase of alcohol compared to a group treated only with psychotherapy. A
total of 60 alcohol-dependent/abusing subjects randomly assigned to
three groups (psychotherapy, psychotherapy plus mirtazapine,
psychotherapy plus venlafaxine) were studied. Assessment of
psychopathology and global functioning throughout a 4-5-week
detoxification period was done by the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale
(HARS), the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). and the Global
Assessment Scale (GAS). At baseline, high scores of anxiety and
depression were recorded (HARS: controls: 33.1 +/- 7.8. mirtazapine:
33.2 +/- 12.6, venlafaxine: 36.6 +/- 5.4; HDRS: controls: 39.5 +/- 7.4,
mirtazapine: 37.9 +/- 7.8. venlafaxine: 41.9 +/- 4.5). A marked
improvement patients on mirtazapine improved significantly more
(p<0.000) was evidenced in all groups by the end of the detoxification
period. However patients compared to the other two groups (HARS:
controls: 9.6 +/- 7.6, mirtazapine: 4.3 +/- 4.4*. venlafaxine: 7.2 +/-
4.1. *p=0.011; HDRS: controls: 8.6 +/- 7.9, mirtazapine: 3.8 +/-
3.2*, venlafaxine: 8.2 +/- 3.5, *p=0.017; GAS: controls: 79.5 +/-
9.4. mirtazapine: 87.5 +/- 5.5**. venlafaxine: 83.0 +/- 8.0,
**p=0.006). It is concluded that addition of mirtazapine, but not
venlafaxine. to a standard psychotherapy-oriented alcohol detoxification
treatment may facilitate the detoxification process by minimizing
psychological discomfort. Consequently. it may prove to be a facilitator
for the long-term abstinence from alcohol. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All
rights reserved
Alexander the Great's relationship with alcohol
Aims This study sought to clarify if Alexander the Great indulged
pathologically in alcohol and whether it contributed to his death.
Design The texts of the historians Diodorus of Sicily, Plutarch, Arrian,
Curtius Rufus, Athenaeus, Aelian and Justin were studied, with their
information concerning wine consumption by Macedonians, and especially
Alexander, and were evaluated. The surviving historical texts, all later
than Alexander’s epoch, are based on a series of contemporary histories
and especially on the ‘Royal journals’, an official diary written in the
imperial court.
and conclusions Alexander consumed large quantities of undiluted wine
periodically, reaching pathological intoxication. However, the existing
data do not provide convincing evidence that Alexander the Great
manifested abuse of or dependence on alcohol according to DSM-IV or
ICD-10 criteria and it seems unlikely that alcohol was involved in his
untimely death
Alcohol detoxification and social anxiety symptoms: a preliminary study of the impact of mirtazapine administration
Background: Social anxiety disorder is fairly prevalent among alcohol
abusing/dependent subjects. The objective of the present study was to
investigate: (a) the incidence of social anxiety symptoms in inpatient
alcoholics, (b) the effect of alcohol detoxification on these symptoms,
and (c) whether a combined psychotherapeutic/mirtazapine treatment
during the post-detoxification phase of alcoholism has a greater impact
on the aforementioned symptoms than a non-pharmacological approach.
Method: Social anxiety symptoms were assessed through the Liebowitz
Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) following a 4-5-week detoxification period
in two groups: group A (n = 21) that followed a detoxification protocol
of cognitive-behavioral orientation and group B (n = 33) that was
assigned to mirtazapine in addition to the standard protocol.
Concomitant psychopathology was monitored through the HARS and HDRS, and
level of functioning through the GAS. Results: A marked reduction of
social anxiety symptoms was evidenced in both groups. However, patients
on mirtazapine improved significantly more compared to controls.
Limitations: A single measure of social anxiety, i.e., the LSAS was
used. Also, a longer follow-up period is needed to ascertain remission
of social anxiety symptoms. Conclusions: The present study found a
rather high incidence of social anxiety symptoms in inpatient alcoholics
which subsided following alcohol detoxification; moreover, it provides
preliminary evidence that a combined psychotherapeutic/mirtazapine
treatment (30-60 mg/daily) has a greater impact on the aforementioned
symptoms than non-pharmacological treatment alone. (C) 2003 Elsevier
B.V. All rights reserved
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