Some Issues in a Gauge Model of Unparticles

We address in a recent gauge model of unparticles the issues that are important for consistency of a gauge theory, i.e., unitarity and Ward identity of physical amplitudes. We find that non-integrable singularities arise in physical quantities like cross section and decay rate from gauge interactions of unparticles. We also show that Ward identity is violated due to the lack of a dispersion relation for charged unparticles although the Ward-Takahashi identity for general Green functions is incorporated in the model. A previous observation that the unparticle's (with scaling dimension d) contribution to the gauge boson self-energy is a factor (2-d) of the particle's has been extended to the Green function of triple gauge bosons. This (2-d) rule may be generally true for any point Green functions of gauge bosons. This implies that the model would be trivial even as one that mimics certain dynamical effects on gauge bosons in which unparticles serve as an interpolating field.Comment: v1:16 pages, 3 figures. v2: some clarifications made and presentation improved, calculation and conclusion not modified; refs added and updated. Version to appear in EPJ

WZW action in odd dimensional gauge theories

It is shown that Wess-Zumino-Witten (WZW) type actions can be constructed in odd dimensional space-times using Wilson line or Wilson loop. WZW action constructed using Wilson line gives anomalous gauge variations and the WZW action constructed using Wilson loop gives anomalous chiral transformation. We show that pure gauge theory including Yang-Mills action, Chern-Simons action and the WZW action can be defined in odd dimensional space-times with even dimensional boundaries. Examples in 3D and 5D are given. We emphasize that this offers a way to generalize gauge theory in odd dimensions. The WZW action constructed using Wilson line can not be considered as action localized on boundary space-times since it can give anomalous gauge transformations on separated boundaries. We try to show that such WZW action can be obtained in the effective theory when making localized chiral fermions decouple.Comment: 19 pages, text shortened, reference added. Version to appear in PR

Interfacial chemical oxidative synthesis of multifunctional polyfluoranthene.

A novel polyfluoranthene (PFA) exhibiting strong visual fluorescence emission, a highly amplified quenching effect, and widely controllable electrical conductivity is synthesized by the direct cationic oxidative polymerization of fluoranthene in a dynamic interface between n-hexane and nitromethane containing fluoranthene and FeCl3, respectively. A full characterization of the molecular structure signifies that the PFAs have a degree of polymerization from 22-50 depending on the polymerization conditions. A polymerization mechanism at the interface of the hexane/nitromethane biphasic system is proposed. The conductivity of the PFA is tunable from 6.4 × 10-6 to 0.074 S cm-1 by doping with HCl or iodine. The conductivity can be significantly enhanced to 150 S cm-1 by heat treatment at 1100 °C in argon. A PFA-based chemosensor shows a highly selective sensitivity for Fe3+ detection which is unaffected by other common metal ions. The detection of Fe3+ likely involves the synergistic effect of well-distributed π-conjugated electrons throughout the PFA helical chains that function as both the fluorophore and the receptor units

Beyond the single-atom response in absorption lineshapes: Probing a dense, laser-dressed helium gas with attosecond pulse trains

We investigate the absorption line shapes of laser-dressed atoms beyond the single-atom response, by using extreme ultraviolet (XUV) attosecond pulse trains to probe an optically thick helium target under the influence of a strong infrared (IR) field. We study the interplay between the IR-induced phase shift of the microscopic time-dependent dipole moment and the resonant-propagation-induced reshaping of the macroscopic XUV pulse. Our experimental and theoretical results show that as the optical depth increases, this interplay leads initially to a broadening of the IR-modified line shape, and subsequently to the appearance of new, narrow features in the absorption line.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure

Response to Comment on "Pairing and Phase Separation in a Polarized Fermi Gas"

Zwierlein and Ketterle rely on subjective arguments and fail to recognize important differences in physical parameters between our experiment and theirs. We stand by the conclusions of our original report

On the Connection Between Momentum Cutoff and Operator Cutoff Regularizations

Operator cutoff regularization based on the original Schwinger's proper-time formalism is examined. By constructing a regulating smearing function for the proper-time integration, we show how this regularization scheme simulates the usual momentum cutoff prescription yet preserves gauge symmetry even in the presence of the cutoff scales. Similarity between the operator cutoff regularization and the method of higher (covariant) derivatives is also observed. The invariant nature of the operator cutoff regularization makes it a promising tool for exploring the renormalization group flow of gauge theories in the spirit of Wilson-Kadanoff blocking transformation.Comment: 28 pages in plain TeX, no figures. revised and expande

Direction finding with partly calibrated uniform linear arrays

A new method for direction finding with partly calibrated uniform linear arrays (ULAs) is presented. It is based on the conventional estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques (ESPRIT) by modeling the imperfections of the ULAs as gain and phase uncertainties. For a fully calibrated array, it reduces to the conventional ESPRIT algorithm. Moreover, the direction-of-arrivals (DOAs), unknown gains, and phases of the uncalibrated sensors can be estimated in closed form without performing a spectral search. Hence, it is computationally very attractive. The Cramér-Rao bounds (CRBs) of the partly calibrated ULAs are also given. Simulation results show that the root mean squared error (RMSE) performance of the proposed algorithm is better than the conventional methods when the number of uncalibrated sensors is large. It also achieves satisfactory performance even at low signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). © 2011 IEEE.published_or_final_versio

Tildrakizumab in the treatment of psoriasis: latest evidence and place in therapy.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disorder that is clinically characterized by scaly cutaneous plaques. New evidence suggests that dysregulation of interleukin (IL)-23, a key cytokine in the T-helper-17 pathway, plays a vital role in the development of psoriatic systemic inflammation. The novel biologic medication tildrakizumab is among the first drugs with specific action against IL-23 that has recently been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency for moderate-to-severe psoriasis. Tildrakizumab has been shown in large randomized controlled trials to be effective in improving skin manifestations as well as enhancing quality of life outcomes in patients with psoriasis. Its simple dosing, prolonged duration of action, and mild adverse event profile make it a practical option for patients; however, only a small number of trials have investigated the clinical effectiveness of tildrakizumab, and long-term data regarding the drug's efficacy and safety are currently limited. Hence, further research is needed to better understand the risks and benefits of tildrakizumab. This review summarizes and analyzes phase I, phase II, and phase III clinical trials that investigate the mechanism, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of tildrakizumab. It also identifies areas in which additional studies are warranted to further elucidate the advantages of tildrakizumab over other biologic therapies

An improved eigendecomposition-based algorithm for frequencies estimation of two sinusoids

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