Prevalência de hipermobilidade articular em crianças pré-escolares

A hipermobilidade articular é a capacidade de realizar movimentos em amplitudes maiores que a normal. O presente estudo teve como objetivo estabelecer a prevalência de hipermobilidade articular em crianças pré-escolares da Rede Municipal de Educação de Londrina/PR. O estudo foi do tipo transversal com amostra constituída de 366 crianças, de 5 e 6 anos de idade. Verificou-se que, das crianças pré-escolares avaliadas, 198 (54,1%) apresentaram hipermobilidade articular, sendo 96 (59,6%) do sexo feminino e 102 (49,8%) do masculino. A hipermobilidade articular foi encontrada com maior frequência nas articulações de cotovelo e joelho, onde ocorreu a hiperextensão. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos masculino e feminino em relação à hipermobilidade articular (χ²=3,539, p=0,072). Pode-se concluir que a hipermobilidade articular nas crianças pré-escolares foi achado comum, compatível com a faixa etária da população avaliada no estudo

Highly diluted medication reduces parasitemia and improves experimental infection evolution by <it>Trypanosoma cruzi</it>

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>There is no published information about the use of different protocols to administer a highly diluted medication.</p> <p>Evaluate the effect of different protocols for treatment with biotherapic <it>T. cruzi</it> 17 dH (BIOT_{<it>Tc</it>17dH}) on clinical/parasitological evolution of mice infected with <it>T. cruzi-Y</it> strain.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A blind, randomized controlled trial was performed twice, using 60 28-day-old male Swiss mice infected with <it>T. cruzi-Y</it> strain, in five treatment groups: CI <it>-</it> treated with a 7% ethanol-water solution, diluted in water (10 μL/mL) <it>ad libitum</it>; <it>BIOT</it>_<it>PI</it> - treated with BIOT_{<it>Tc</it>17dH} in water (10 μL/mL) <it>ad libitum</it> during a period that started on the day of infection; <it>BIOT</it>_<it>4DI</it> - treated with BIOT_{<it>Tc</it>17dH} in water (10 μL/mL) <it>ad libitum</it> beginning on the 4^th day of infection; <it>BIOT</it>_{<it>4-5–6</it>} - treated with BIOT_{<it>Tc</it>17dH} by gavage (0.2 mL/ animal/day) on the 4^th, 5^th and 6^th days after infection; <it>BIOT</it>_{<it>7-8–9</it>} - treated with BIOT_{<it>Tc</it>17dH} by gavage (0.2 mL/ animal/day) on the 7^th, 8^th and 9^th days after infection. We evaluated: parasitemia; total parasitemia (P_total); maximum peak of parasites; prepatent period (PPP) - time from infection to detection of the parasite in blood; patent period (PP) - period when the parasitemia can be detected in blood; clinical aspects; and mortality.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Parasitological parameters in the BIOT_PI and mainly in the BIOT_4PI group showed better evolution of the infection compared to the control group (CI), with lower P_total, lower maximum peak of parasites, higher PPP, lower PP and longer survival times. These animals showed stable body temperature and higher weight gain and water consumption, with more animals having normal-appearing fur for longer periods. In contrast, groups BIOT_4-5–6 and BIOT_7-8–9 showed worse evolution of the infection compared to the control group, considering both parasitological and clinical parameters. The correlation analysis combined with the other data from this study indicated that the prepatent period is the best parameter to evaluate the effect of a medication in this model.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The BIOT_4DI group showed the best clinical and parasitological evolution, with lower parasitemia and a trend toward lower mortality and a longer survival period. The prepatent period was the best parameter to evaluate the effect of a medication in this model.</p