Recovery following rugby union matches: Effects of cold water immersion on markers of fatigue and damage

© 2019, Canadian Science Publishing. All rights reserved. We investigated the effect of postmatch cold-water immersion (CWI) on markers of muscle damage, neuromuscular fatigue, and perceptual responses within 72 h after a rugby match. Twenty-two professional male rugby players were randomized into CWI (10 °C/10 min; n = 11) or control (CON: 30 min seated; n = 11) groups. Activity profile from Global Positioning Satellite systems and postmatch rating of perceived exertion were measured to determined match load. Biochemical (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6), neuromuscular performance (squat (SJ) and countermovement jumps (CMJ), peak power output (PPO), rate of force development (RFD), stiffness, 10-and 30-m sprint time, and perceptual markers (soreness, perceived recovery) were obtained before and immediately after the match, and then at 30 min, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after the match. Magnitude-based inference and Cohen’s effect size (ES) were used to analyze change over time and between groups. Thus, the higher/beneficial, similar/trivial, or lower/harmful differences were evaluated as follows: 99%, almost certainly. Changes were unclear for the match loads, sprint times, and perceptual markers between groups. Higher %ΔSJ at 24 h (very likely (ES = 0.75)) and in %ΔPPO_SJ at 48 h (likely (ES = 0.51)) were observed in CWI than in CON. Values in %ΔRDF_CMJ were higher immediately after (likely (ES = 0.83)), 30 min after (very likely (ES = 0.97)), and 24 h after the match (likely (ES = 0.93)) in CWI than in CON. Furthermore, %Δlog TNF-α were lower in the CWI group than in the CON group immediately after (almost certainly (ES = −0.76)), 24 h after (very likely (ES = −1.09)), and 72 h after the match (likely (ES = −0.51)), and in Δstiffness_SJ at 30 min after (likely (ES = −0.67)) and 48 h after the match (very likely (ES = −0.97)). Also, different within-groups effects throughout postmatch were reported. Implementing postmatch CWI-based strategies improved the recovery of markers of inflammation and fatigue in rugby players, despite no change in markers of speed or perceptual recovery

Post-match recovery in soccer with far-infrared emitting ceramic material or cold-water immersion

We investigated the effects of two common recovery methods; far-infrared emitting ceramic materials (Bioceramic) or cold-water immersion on muscular function and damage after a soccer match. Twenty-five university-level soccer players were randomized into Bioceramic (BIO; n = 8), Cold-water immersion (CWI; n = 9), or Control (CON; n = 8) groups. Heart rate [HR], rating of perceived exertion [RPE], and activity profile through Global Positioning Satellite Systems were measured during the match. Biochemical (thiobarbituric acid reactive species [TBARS], superoxide dismutase [SOD], creatine kinase [CK], lactate dehydrogenase [LDH]), neuromuscular (countermovement [CMJ] and squat jump [SJ], sprints [20-m]), and perceptual markers (delayed-onset muscle soreness [DOMS], and the perceived recovery scale [PRS]) were assessed at pre, post, 24 h, and 48 h postmatch. One-way ANOVA was used to compare anthropometric and match performance data. A two-way ANOVA with post-hoc tests compared the timeline of recovery measures. No significant differences existed between groups for anthropometric or match load measures (P > 0.05). Significant post-match increases were observed in SOD, and decreases in TBARS in all groups (p 0.05). Significant increases in CK, LDH, quadriceps and hamstring DOMS (p 0.05). Despite the expected post-match muscle damage and impaired performance, neither Bioceramic nor CWI interventions improved post-match recovery

Effects of Far‐Infrared Emitting Ceramic Material Clothing on Recovery After Maximal Eccentric Exercise

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine whether Far-Infrared Emitting Ceramic Materials worn as Bioceramic pants would improve neuromuscular performance, biochemical and perceptual markers in healthy individuals after maximal eccentric exercise. Twenty-two moderately active men were randomized into Bioceramic (n = 11) or Placebo (n = 11) groups. To induce muscle damage, three sets of 30 maximal isokinetic eccentric contractions of the quadriceps were performed at 60°·s-1. Participants wore the bioceramic or placebo pants for 2 hours immediately following the protocol, and then again for 2 hours prior to each subsequent testing session at 24, 48 and 72 hours post. Plasma creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase activity, delayed-onset muscle soreness, perceived recovery status, and maximal voluntary contraction were measured pre-exercise and 2, 24, 48, and 72 hours post-exercise. Eccentric exercise induced muscle damage as evident in significant increases in delayed-onset muscle soreness at 24 - 72 hours (p &lt; 0.05) and creatine kinase between Pre to 2, 24, 48 and 72 hours (p &lt; 0.05). Despite the increased delayed-onset muscle soreness and creatine kinase values, no effect of Bioceramic was evident (p &gt; 0.05). Furthermore, decreases in maximal voluntary contraction between Pre and immediately, 2, 24, 48 and 72 hours post (p &lt; 0.05) were reported. However, the standardized difference was moderate lower for lactate dehydrogenase at 24 h (ES = 0.50), but higher at 48 h (ES = -0.58) in the Bioceramic compared to the Placebo group. Despite inducing muscle damage, the daily use of Far-Infrared Emitting Ceramic Materials clothing over 72 hours did not facilitate recovery after maximal eccentric exercise.</jats:p

Chronic Ethanol Consumption Alters All-Trans-Retinoic Acid Concentration and Expression of Their Receptors on the Prostate: A Possible Link Between Alcoholism and Prostate Damage

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Background Ethanol (EtOH) alters the all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) levels in some tissues. Retinol and ATRA are essential for cell proliferation, differentiation, and maintenance of prostate homeostasis. It has been suggested that disturbances in retinol/ATRA concentration as well as in the expression of retinoic acid receptors (RARs) contribute to benign prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer. This study aimed to evaluate whether EtOH consumption is able to alter retinol and ATRA levels in the plasma and prostate tissue as well as the expression of RARs, cell proliferation, and apoptosis index. Methods All animals were divided into 4 groups (n = 10/group). UChA: rats fed 10% (v/v) EtOH ad libitum; UChACo: EtOH-naive rats without access to EtOH; UChB: rats fed 10% (v/v) EtOH ad libitum; UChBCo: EtOH-naive rats without access to EtOH. Animals were euthanized by decapitation after 60 days of EtOH consumption for high-performance liquid chromatography and light microscopy analysis. Results EtOH reduced plasma retinol concentration in both UChA and UChB groups, while the retinol concentration was not significantly different in prostate tissue. Conversely, plasma and prostate ATRA levels increased in UChB group compared with controls, beyond the up-regulation of RAR beta and -? in dorsal prostate lobe. Additionally, no alteration was found in cell proliferation and apoptosis index involving dorsal and lateral prostate lobe. Conclusions We conclude that EtOH alters the plasma retinol concentrations proportionally to the amount of EtOH consumed. Moreover, high EtOH consumption increases the concentration of ATRA in plasma/prostate tissue and especially induces the RAR beta and RAR? in the dorsal prostate lobe. EtOH consumption and increased ATRA levels were not associated with cell proliferation and apoptosis in the prostate.3714956Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Utilização do intercepto-y na avaliação da aptidão anaeróbia e predição da performance de nadadores treinados El uso del intercepto-y en la evaluación de adaptacion anaeróbica en la predicción de la performance de nadadores especializados Use of the y-intercept in the evaluation of the anaerobic fitness and performance prediction of trained swimmers

O objetivo desse estudo foi verificar a utilização do intercepto-y na avaliação da aptidão anaeróbia e predição da performance de nadadores treinados. Foram participantes do estudo 14 nadadores com idade entre 15 e 18 anos. Os atletas realizaram o teste de nado atado, performance máxima e velocidade crítica (VC) para determinação da capacidade de nado anaeróbio (CTA), todos em nado crawl em um período de três dias. 1) O teste de nado atado consistiu em realizar esforço máximo durante 30 segundos amarrado a um aparato de medição com células de carga para mensuração da força pico (Fpic), aptidão anaeróbia (AP ANA) e concentração de lactato pico ([la-]pic) conforme Papoti et al. (11); 2) Os participantes realizaram também performances máximas nas distâncias de 100, 200, 300, 400 e 600 m, com intervalo mínimo de duas horas entre cada nado; 3) E o teste de VC foi aplicado para determinação da CTA utilizando todas as combinações possíveis dos resultados das performances máximas, através do modelo de regressão linear entre distância versus tempo. Foi encontrada média de 25,07± 4,22 m nas 16 combinações de CTAs encontradas e coeficiente de regressão linear variando entre 0,99 e 1,00 e erro de coeficiente linear de 19,30± 5,9%. Não foram encontradas correlações significativas entre as CTAs e performances máximas, Fpic (227,81± 63,02 N), AP ANA (86,55± 13,05 N) e [la-]pic (6,80± 1,03 mM). Contudo, foram encontradas correlações significativas entre a AP ANA e as performances máximas. Desse modo, é possível concluir que a CTA representada pelo intercepto-y da relação distância versus tempo de nado, parece não ser um bom parâmetro na avaliação da aptidão anaeróbia e predição de performances entre 100 m e 600 m nado crawl.<br>El objetivo de ese estudio fue verificar el uso del intercepto-y en la evaluación anaeróbica de la aptitud y predicción de la performance de los nadadores especializados. Los participantes del estudio fueron 14 nadadores con edad entre 15 y 18 años. Los atletas realizaron la prueba de nado atado, máxima performance y velocidad crítica (VC) para la determinación de la capacidad de nado anaeróbico (CTA), todos en estilo crawl por un periodo de tres días. 1) La prueba de nado atado consistió en lograr el máximo esfuerzo durante 30 segundos atado a un aparato de medición con células de carga para la medida del pico de fuerza (Fpic), de la aptitud anaeróbica (AP ANA) y la concentración de pico del lactato ([la-]pic) según Papoti et al.(11). 2) Los participantes también lograron actuaciones al máximo en las distancias de 100, 200, 300, 400 y 600 m, con el intervalo mínimo de dos horas entre cada nado. 3) La prueba de VC se aplicó para la determinación de CTA que usa todas las posibles combinaciones de los resultados de las máximas actuaciones, a través del modelo de regresión lineal entre la distancia vs. tiempo. Se encontró un promedio de 25,07 &plusmn; 4,22 m en las 16 combinaciones de CTAs y se halló un coeficiente de regresión lineal que varía entre 0,99 y 1,00 con un error de coeficiente lineal de 19,30 &plusmn; 5,9%. No se encontraron en ellos correlaciones significantes entre CTAs y máximas performances, Fpic (227,81 &plusmn; 63,02 N), AP ANA (86,55 &plusmn; 13,05 N) y [la-]pic (6,80 &plusmn; 1,03 mm). Sin embargo, si se encontraron en ellos correlaciones significantes entre AP ANA y las máximas performances. De este modo, es posible concluir que la CTA representada por el intercepto-y de la distancia de la relación vs. tiempo de nado, parece no ser un parámetro bueno en la evaluación de la aptitud anaeróbica y la predicción de las actuaciones entre 100 m y 600 m del nado crawl.<br>The objective of this study was to verify the use of y-intercept from the critical velocity model in the evaluation of the anaerobic fitness and prediction of maximal performance in trained swimmers in crawl style. Fourteen swimmers with ages ranging from 15 to 18 years participated in this study. The athletes performed the tied swimming test, maximal performances tests and critical velocity (CV) for the determination of anaerobic swimming capacity (AWC). 1) The tied swimming test was applied through maximal effort during 30 seconds fixed to the equipment with load cells for the measurement of the peak force, anaerobic fitness and peak lactate. 2) The subjects also performed maximal performances at distances of 100, 200, 300, 400 and 600 meters with two hours interval between each swim. 3) AWC at CV model was determined utilizing all possible combinations by maximal performances applying the distance-time linear regression model. The AWC value obtained was of 25.07 ± 4.22 m, with linear regression coefficient between 0.99 and 1.00, and linear coefficient error of 19.30 ± 5.9%. AWC was not correlated with all maximal performances, peak force (227.81 ± 63.02 N), anaerobic fitness (85.55 ± 13.05 N), and peak lactate (6.80 ± 1.08 mM). However, the anaerobic fitness was correlated with all maximal performances. Thus, it was concluded that the AWC obtained by y-intercept of the distance/time of swim relation does not seem to be a good parameter for the anaerobic fitness evaluation neither to predict the maximal performances between 100 and 600 meters in crawl style