Bittersweet Recollection: An Ecological Study of Nostalgia

Nostalgia has recently grown as a popular subject of study. Much of the research on it, however, has not been conducted in a naturalistic way. The current experiments use a diary study to analyze aspects of nostalgia in a natural setting, including its emotional timeline and self-relevance. Results found that nostalgia can behave like an involuntary memory and indeed has an emotional curve. Results support previous research showing that nostalgia is most often positive and most often involves missing others. Some results also suggest that nostalgia may be relevant to one’s self-identity. Success of this diary study model illustrates that similar tasks can be used to study many more aspects of nostalgic experiences

CAN NOSTALGIA DEFEND AGAINST STEREOTYPE THREAT?

Stereotype threat causes individuals to perform worse on tasks when they are made aware of a task-relevant negative stereotype for a group to which they belong. Prior research has demonstrated that this effect has been alleviated by using a number of methods including changing test context or bolstering the stereotyped group. One method of bolstering the threatened group is through a self-affirmation of preferred character traits. Nostalgia is a sentimental longing for the past, which has been shown to provide many benefits to an individual, both personally and socially. Research has shown that when told to recall a nostalgic memory, participants are said to have greater access to self-affirming characteristics. The present study was performed in an attempt to utilize nostalgic recollection to directly ameliorate the negative effects of stereotype threat. The study provided participants with a selection of gender identification using gendered images, followed by an instruction which was used as the stereotype threat elicitation. Participants were then randomly assigned to one of three memory conditions — nostalgic, ordinary, and none — and were asked to recall and describe the appropriate memory. Participants then completed a hard math test using 26 sample GRE items. Multiple hypotheses were not supported. Some significant results are described. Probable null contributors, implications, and future directions are explored. Keywords: Stereotype threat, nostalgia, gender, self-affirmatio

Revisão epidemiológica das lesões no rugby XV em função da posição do jogador no campo

Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciado em FisioterapiaObjetivo: A presente estudo teve como propósito analisar a prevalência de lesões em jogadores profissionais de rugby, mencionando o tipo e localização das lesões desportivas para cada posição dos jogadores na equipa e detetar possíveis atuações preventivas para essas lesões. Metodologia: pesquisa computorizada nas bases de dados ScienceDirect e Web of Science e a qualidade dos estudos selecionados foi avaliada pelo investigador usando a declaração ‘Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology’ (STROBE). Resultados: Nesta revisão foram incluídos 10 estudos, com um total de 4435 atletas de rugby, de 75 a 899 jogadores internacionais ou pertencentes a equipas profissionais. A taxa de incidência (para 1000 horas) variou de 52 até 91 lesões durante os jogos e de 1 a 4 lesões durante os treinos. O número total de lesões foi de 5563 com 311 575 horas de exposição. Conclusão: A taxa lesiva é superior durante os jogos. Os jogadores de linha foram os mais lesado em jogo e os avançados em treino. O talonador, o abertura e os centrais foram os jogadores com maior frequência de lesão. O local anatómico o mais lesado foi o membro inferior e o as estruturas mais lesada são os músculos/tendões.Objective: The purpose of the current study was to analyse the prevalence of injuries in professional rugby players, mentioning the type and location of injuries for each position of the team’s players and identify possible preventive actions for these injuries. Methodology: A computerized research in the databases; ScienceDirect and Web of Science. The quality of selected studies was evaluated by the investigator using the ‘Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology’ (STROBE). Results: In this review were included 10 studies, with a total of 4,435 rugby players, 75 to 899 international players or professional teams players. The incidence rate (for 1000 hours) varied from 52 to 91 injuries in match and from 1 to 4 injuries in training. The total number of lesions was 5563 with 311 575 exposure’s hours. Conclusion: The incidence rate is higher during games. The backs were the most injured in the match and the forwards in training. The hooker, the fly halves and centres were the players with more frequent injury. The most injured anatomical site was the lower limb and the most damaged structures are muscles and tendons.N/

Revisão epidemiológica das lesões no rugby XV em função da posição do jogador no campo

Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciado em FisioterapiaObjetivo: A presente estudo teve como propósito analisar a prevalência de lesões em jogadores profissionais de rugby, mencionando o tipo e localização das lesões desportivas para cada posição dos jogadores na equipa e detetar possíveis atuações preventivas para essas lesões. Metodologia: pesquisa computorizada nas bases de dados ScienceDirect e Web of Science e a qualidade dos estudos selecionados foi avaliada pelo investigador usando a declaração ‘Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology’ (STROBE). Resultados: Nesta revisão foram incluídos 10 estudos, com um total de 4435 atletas de rugby, de 75 a 899 jogadores internacionais ou pertencentes a equipas profissionais. A taxa de incidência (para 1000 horas) variou de 52 até 91 lesões durante os jogos e de 1 a 4 lesões durante os treinos. O número total de lesões foi de 5563 com 311 575 horas de exposição. Conclusão: A taxa lesiva é superior durante os jogos. Os jogadores de linha foram os mais lesado em jogo e os avançados em treino. O talonador, o abertura e os centrais foram os jogadores com maior frequência de lesão. O local anatómico o mais lesado foi o membro inferior e o as estruturas mais lesada são os músculos/tendões.Objective: The purpose of the current study was to analyse the prevalence of injuries in professional rugby players, mentioning the type and location of injuries for each position of the team’s players and identify possible preventive actions for these injuries. Methodology: A computerized research in the databases; ScienceDirect and Web of Science. The quality of selected studies was evaluated by the investigator using the ‘Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology’ (STROBE). Results: In this review were included 10 studies, with a total of 4,435 rugby players, 75 to 899 international players or professional teams players. The incidence rate (for 1000 hours) varied from 52 to 91 injuries in match and from 1 to 4 injuries in training. The total number of lesions was 5563 with 311 575 exposure’s hours. Conclusion: The incidence rate is higher during games. The backs were the most injured in the match and the forwards in training. The hooker, the fly halves and centres were the players with more frequent injury. The most injured anatomical site was the lower limb and the most damaged structures are muscles and tendons.N/

Arbres et forêts, entre corps et cœurs

Emblèmes de la biodiversité, les forêts sont devenues un symbole de la progression constante des pressions humaines sur les écosystèmes. De nouvelles attentes émergent au sein de la société, contribuant à des tensions grandissantes entre les acteurs du secteur forestier, en particulier les gestionnaires publics et privés, et le grand public

Investigating Red Knot Migration Ecology along the Georgia and South Carolina Coasts: Spring 2019 Season Summaries

The rufa subspecies of the Red Knot (Calidris canutus) has declined significantly in the past 35 years, leading to federal listing (US Fish and Wildlife Service Federal Register Vol. 79 No. 238, 2014a) under the Endangered Species Act in the United States (16 U.S.C. 1531 et. seq) and Canada (COSEWIC 2007, SARA 2007). Evidence for the decline is seen in long-term surveys of a major spring staging site (Dunne et al 1982, Clark et al. 1993, Niles et al. 2008) and the largest known over-wintering site (Morrison et al. 2004). In only 30 years, the estimated population has declined from 100,000-150,000 to possibly below 30,000 (Niles et al. 2007) leading some researchers to suggest the population is highly vulnerable to extinction (Baker et al. 2004). The determination of regional population estimates and identification of major stopover sites are considered to be the highest priority for the Georgia Department of Natural Resources State Wildlife Action Plan (2015), the Atlantic Flyway Shorebird Business Strategy (Winn et al. 2013), the US Shorebird Plan (Brown et al. 2001), the USFWS Red Knot Spotlight Species Action Plan (2010), and the Western Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve Network (WHSRN) Red Knot Conservation Plan for the Western Hemisphere (Niles et al. 2010a). The Georgia Department of Natural Resources State Wildlife Action Plan ranks the Red Knot as a high priority species (with state status of “Rare”) and ranks research of the Red Knot as one of the primary conservation actions needed within the state. A band resight program was initiated along the Georgia coastal barrier islands during the fall of 2011 and spring of 2013 and 2015-2016 giving baseline information for those seasons (Lyons et al. 2017, Smith et al. 2017). A trapping and tagging project was initiated in South Carolina in recent years, though there has been no systematic resight effort within the state. The patterns observed in both studies suggest that Red Knots are using the south-Atlantic through Delaware Bay in spring as an open network of staging areas. Recent tagging results in South Carolina have documented direct spring flights from South Carolina to James Bay, suggesting that the south-Atlantic stopovers are more important in the life-cycle of shorebirds than is currently thought. It is currently unknown what percentage of Red Knots use the direct flight strategy vs. stopping in Delaware Bay on their northbound migration. Winter resighting work conducted in South Carolina suggests that virtually no Red Knots wintering along the south-Atlantic use Delaware Bay in spring migration. Although movement and settlement “decisions” are likely influenced by foraging conditions throughout the network, investigations into the factors driving movements during migration is necessary to better understand Red Knot migration ecology. This is critical in developing appropriate stopover models and adaptive management tools for land managers. The Georgia Department of Natural Resources, the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, and The Center for Conservation Biology will initiate a Red Knot tagging and resighting program along the Atlantic Coast of Georgia during the spring of 2019 to be paired with the ongoing programs within Delaware Bay and elsewhere along the flyway. This project will provide critical data that will be used to analyze the ongoing questions regarding Red Knot habitat choice decision making in the south Atlantic Coast in spring. A large percentage (3-6%) of Red Knots have been previously captured and tagged with unique 2 to 3 digits alpha-numeric bands. This marked population allows for mark-resight studies of migratory populations of Red Knots with no capturing involved. A total of 27,356 Red Knots were detected during daily surveys in spring 2019 along the Georgia and South Carolina Coasts; of those, 4,917 were scanned for flags, and 315 individually banded Red Knots were resighted a total of 523 times from within the spring migrant population. A total of 71 marked to unmarked ratios were recorded during the field season, with an average of 3.6% of Red Knots individually marked over the course of the spring. The rough estimate for the total number of knots cycling through during the spring season is estimated superpopulation size for the spring 2019 season is 8,750 (3.6% of birds tagged and 315 individuals recorded). The Georgia Coast is a major stopover area annually for rufa Red Knots in spring migration and in certain years in fall migration. The superpopulation utilizing the coast in fall migration can exceed 23,000 birds (Lyons et al. 2017) and the rough estimate of spring migration superpopulation from this study is approximately 8,750 birds. The total estimated population of rufa Red Knots is 42,000 birds (Andres et al. 2012), suggesting that a high percentage of rufa knots are using the Georgia Coast in spring and in some years fall migration. There appears to be less variation in spring migration superpopulations between years than in fall migration, suggesting a more stable (but less abundant) food source for spring migrants